1. Tšepe ea Womic: Bokhoni ba Tlhahiso le Matla a Khamphani
Womic Steel Group ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong le morekisi oa kantle ho naha ea nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 20 ba ho hlahisa liphaephe tsa alloy tse sa senyeheng (CRA) ho kenyeletsoa le li-alloy tsa nickel. Setsi sa rona se ikhethileng sa tlhahiso ea liphaephe tse lahlehileng tsa UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) se sebelisa mahlale a mangata a tsoetseng pele a ho tjheseletsa ka taolo e tiileng ea ho kenya mocheso le kalafo ea mocheso kamora ho tjheseletsa:
●Mohala oa ERW (Ho Welding ka Khahlanong le Motlakase):Bakeng sa bophara ba 6.35mm ho isa ho 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 0.5mm ho isa ho 12.7mm. Ho tjheseletsa ka maqhubu a phahameng ka mocheso o tlase haholo (≤ 1.0 kJ/mm) ho qoba karohano ea niobium le ho thehoa ha mekhahlelo ea methapo. E loketse liphaephe tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng tsa Alloy 625 bakeng sa li-umbilical tsa ka tlas'a leoatle le lisebelisoa.
●Mohala oa EFW (Motlakase oa ho Welding oa ho Kopanya Motlakase):Bakeng sa bophara ba 219mm ho isa ho 1219mm (8″ – 48″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 4.0mm ho isa ho 40mm. TIG (GTAW) root pass e nang le SAW fill passes, ho sebediswa filler metal e tshwanang (ERNiCrMo-3) le argon backward gas e nang le oxygen getter.
●Mohala oa LSAW / SAWL bakeng sa Li-alloy tsa Nickel:Bakeng sa bophara ba 406mm ho isa ho 1219mm (16″ – 48″), botenya ba lebota ho fihlela ho 40mm. Ho tjheseletsa arc e kentsweng ka metsing ya dipoleiti tsa alloy tsa nickel tse phuthilweng ka mocheso o laolwang (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm) le mocheso wa interpass ≤ 120°C.
Liphaephe tsohle tse welletsoeng tsa Inconel 625 li feta ho kenngoa ha tharollo (kalafo ea mocheso) ho 1090-1200°C ho lateloa ke ho tima metsi ho qhala mekhahlelo efe kapa efe ea intermetallic (mohlala, sigma, delta) le ho tsosolosa khanyetso ea mafome le ductility, ho lateloe ke ho pickling le passivation.
Litifikeiti tsa Boleng le ho Latela Melao:
● Setifikeiti sa ISO 9001:2015
● PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa khatello
● Setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.2 se nang le netefatso ea mokha oa boraro (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Tlhahlobo ea Mokha oa Boraro (TPI) e amohetsoeng ke SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila (H₂S)
● Khoutu ea Sejana sa Boiler le Khatello ea ASME (Karolo ea VIII, Karolo ea 1) ha e kopuoa
● NORSOK M-650 (ka kopo ea offshore)
Womic Steel e fana ka liphaephe tse welded tsa Inconel 625 linaheng tse fetang 30 ho pholletsa le indasteri ea leoatle, lik'hemik'hale, nyutlelie le lifofane.
Ho tenyetseha ha Tlhahiso:
● ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Boima × ≤ 12m
● EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–40mm Boima × ≤ 12m (e telele ha e kopuoa)
● LSAW: 406–1219mm OD × 6.0–40mm Boima × ≤ 18m
● Dikgetho tsa ho qeta: E annealed le e qhibilihisitsoeng, e annealed e benyang (bakeng sa ho kenya diphaephe tse nyane)
2. ASTM B705 UNS N06625: Sebopeho sa thepa le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso
UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) ke motsoako oa nickel-chromium-molybdenum o nang le niobium e eketsehileng. Bongata ba nickel bo fana ka khanyetso e ntle khahlanong le ho petsoha ha mafome ka lebaka la khatello ea chloride; chromium e fana ka khanyetso ea oxidation; molybdenum le niobium li fana ka khanyetso ea likoti le ho matlafatsa tharollo e tiileng. Motsoako oa 625 o boloka matla a phahameng le khanyetso ea mafome ho fihlela ho 980°C (1800°F).
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (Tlhahlobo ea Lesela, % ka boima):
| Karolo | UNS N06625 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.10 (hangata ≤ 0.05) |
| Mn | ≤ 0.50 |
| P | ≤ 0.015 |
| S | ≤ 0.015 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 20.0 – 23.0 |
| Mo | 8.0 – 10.0 |
| Ni | ≥ 58.0 |
| Nb + Ta | 3.15 – 4.15 |
| Fe | ≤ 5.0 |
| Al | ≤ 0.40 |
| Ti | ≤ 0.40 |
Matlotlo a Mekaniki (Mocheso oa Kamore, Tharollo e Amohetsoeng):
| Thepa | UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) |
| Matla a Tlhahiso (bonyane, phokotso ea 0.2%) | 415 MPa (60,200 psi) |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso) | 830 MPa (120,400 psi) |
| Ho lelefatsa (bonyane, gauge ea 50mm) | 30% |
| Bothata (bo tloaelehileng) | HRB ea 80-95 |
Thepa ea 'Mele:
● Boima: 8.44 g/cm³
● Modulus ea Elasticity: 205 GPa (29.7 × 10⁶ psi) mochesong oa kamore
● Ho tsamaisa mocheso: 9.8 W/m·K ho 100°C, 15.9 W/m·K ho 500°C
● Katoloso ea Thermal Coefficient: 12.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Matlotlo a Mocheso o Phahameng:
● Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa tšebeletso o tsoelang pele libakeng tse nang le oxidizing: 980°C (1800°F)
● Khanyetso e ntle ea oxidation ho fihlela ho 980°C
● Matla a matle a ho qaqama mochesong o phahameng (mohlala, 70 MPa ho 800°C ka lihora tse 10,000)
Khanyetso ea ho Sila:
● Palo e lekanang ea ho hanyetsa ho phunya (PREN) = Cr% + 3.3(Mo%) + 16(N%) ≈ 45-50 (e phahameng haholo)
● Ho hanyetsa ka bokhabane ho ts'enyeho ea likoti le mapetso metsing a leoatle, esita le mochesong o phahameng
● Ho hanyetsa ka mokhoa o ikhethang ho thiba mafome a bakoang ke khatello ea chloride (SCC) – ho itšireletsa mafung
● Ho hanyetsa hantle sulfuric acid (ho fihlela ho 80% mochesong o itekanetseng)
● Ho hanyetsa hantle hydrochloric acid (hlapolla, ho fihlela ho 10% mochesong oa kamore)
● Ho hanyetsa hantle tšebeletso e bolila (H₂S) – NACE MR0175 e tšoanelehang
● E hanela ho bola ha di-intergranular ka mora ho tjheseletsa (niobium e tsitsitse)
● Khanyetso e ntle ea oxidation ho fihlela ho 980°C
3. Ho Latela Maemo le Litekanyetso tsa Tekanyo
| Ntho | Tlhaloso |
| E tloaelehileng | ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (phaephe); ASTM B443 (poleiti) |
| Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso | ERW, EFW, LSAW |
| Sebaka sa Bophara ba Kantle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 - 1219mm |
| Botenya ba Lebota | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 - 40mm |
| Kemiso ea Kemiso | 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (bakeng sa NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Bolelele ba Nako | E tloaelehileng: 6m; E atolositsoe: 12m, 18m, ho fihlela ho 18m |
| Qetello ea ho Qetela | Qetello e se nang letho (PE), Qetello e Beveled (BE) |
| Qetello ea Bokaholimo | E apeetsoe le e khethiloeng, e benyang e apeetsoeng |
| Mamello | OD: ±0.5% kapa ±3.2mm; Boima: ±12.5% (ka ASTM B775); Bolelele: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Litekanyo le Litlhaloso tse Fumanehang – ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe (Boholo bo Tloaelehileng bo Khethiloeng)
| NPS | OD (mm) | Kemiso | Boima ba 'mele (mm) | Boima (kg/m2) | Bolelele bo Tloaelehileng | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 80S | 3.73 | 1.62 | 6m | Mohala oa taolo ea ka tlas'a leoatle |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 80S | 3.91 | 2.20 | 6m | Ente ea lik'hemik'hale |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 80S | 4.55 | 3.24 | 6m | Phaephe ea mokhubu |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 80S | 5.08 | 5.41 | 6m | Mohala oa haeteroliki |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 80S | 5.54 | 7.48 | 6m / 12m | Mohala oa tšebeletso o bolila |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | Ho pholisa metsi a leoatle |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | Sesepa sa FGD |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Mohala oa phallo ea leoatleng |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Sehlooho se seholo |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Bophara bo boholo |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Tšebeletso ea nyutlelie |
*Litekanyo tse ikhethileng ka ntle ho mefuta ena lia fumaneha. Liphaephe tse welletsoeng tsa UNS N06625 li hloka linako tse telele tsa ho etella pele (bonyane matsatsi a 90) ka lebaka la ho fumana strip/poleiti e khethehileng ho tsoa ho li-mill tse netefalitsoeng tsa nickel alloy.*
5. Maemo le Likereiti tse Tloaelehileng tsa Nickel Alloy tse Entsoeng ke Womic Steel
| E tloaelehileng | Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe / Alloy | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng | Mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa |
| ASTM B705 | UNS N06625 (Inconel 625), N08825 (Incoloy 825) | E senya haholo, mocheso o phahameng | EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| ASTM B443 | UNS N06625 | Poleiti bakeng sa ho etsa phaephe | - |
| ASTM B619 | UNS N06022 (Hastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | Li-acid tse matla haholo | EFW/LSAW |
| ASTM B622 | UNS N06022, N10276 | Ho kenya liphaephe | ERW |
| ASTM B705 | UNS N08020 (Alloy 20) | Asiti ea sulfuric | EFW |
Tšebeliso:Mekhoa ea metsi a leoatle (mocheso o phahameng), tšebeletso e bolila (li-H₂S tse phahameng + li-chloride), libaka tsa ho ntša metsi tsa FGD, ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, likarolo tsa reactor ea nyutlelie, li-umbilical tse ka tlas'a leoatle.
6. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Pipe ea Alloy ea Nickel e Welded (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Ho tjheseletsa ha Inconel 625 ho hloka taolo e tiileng haholo ya ho kenya mocheso, mocheso wa interpass, le kalafo ya mocheso ka mora ho tjheseletsa. Boleng ba niobium bo etsa hore motsoako o be kotsing ya ho arohana le ho thehwa ha mokgahlelo wa intermetallic (mokgahlelo wa delta) haeba ho phodisa ho lieha haholo.
Mokhoa oa ERW (Ho Welding ka Khahlanong le Motlakase) – Bophara bo Bonyenyane ho isa ho bo Mahareng (6.35–610mm OD):
1. Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala (Strip/Coil):Moqolo oa Alloy 625 o netefalitsoe bakeng sa motsoako (Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20-23%, Mo 8-10%, Nb 3.15-4.15%). Khoele ka 'ngoe e na le palo e ikhethang ea mocheso e nang le mokhoa o felletseng oa ho latela.
2. Ho phutholla le ho batalatsa
3. Ho Seha Meeli ea Strip
4. Ho theha:Ho bopa moqolo o tswelang pele.
5. Ho tjheseletsa ka Maqhubu a Phahameng:Ho kenya mocheso o tlase haholo (≤ 1.0 kJ/mm) ho qoba karohano ya Nb. Ho tjheseletsa sepakapakeng se sa sebetseng (argon shielding).
6. Ho Hlomamisa Seam:Ho kenya induction ho lateloa ke ho tima metsi.
7. Ho lekanya le ho otlolla
8. Ho Seha ho fihlela Bolelele
9. NDT:Teko ea hona joale ea Eddy (100%) + UT ea boikhethelo.
10.Tharollo ea Annealing (Phaephe e Felletseng):1090-1200°C (hangata 1120-1180°C), ho tima metsi. Hoa hlokahala bakeng sa ho qhala mekhahlelo ea intermetallic.
11.Teko ea Hydrostatic
12.Ho Khaola le ho Fetola Maikutlo(motsoako o khethehileng oa asiti bakeng sa li-alloy tsa nickel)
13.Tlhahlobo ea PMI (XRF) le ho tiea ha eona
14.Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela le ho Tšoaea
Mokhoa oa EFW (Motlakase oa ho Welding) – Bophara bo Boholo (219–1219mm OD, Boima ba 4.0–40mm):
1. Tokisetso ea Poleiti:Poleiti ea motsoako oa 625, mathoko a betloa (X bevel).
2. Ho Etsa Meqolo
3. Ho tjheseletsa ka Tack
4. TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Setlatsetso se lekanang (ERNiCrMo-3), khase e tšehetsang argon e nang le oksijene e kenang (seponche sa titanium).
5. Lipase tsa SAW Fill le Cap:Ho kenya mocheso ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm, mocheso wa interpass ≤ 120°C. Mocheso o ikgethang wa sulfure e tlase bakeng sa di-alloy tsa nickel.
6. Ho tjheseletsa ka Hare
7. Teko ea X-ray ea 100% + UT(ho latela ASTM B775)
8. Tharollo ea ho Hloekisa:Kalafo e felletseng ea mocheso oa phaephe (1120-1180°C), ho tima metsi.
9. Ho Khaola le ho Fetola Maikutlo
10.Teko ea Hydrostatic
11.Tlhahlobo ea PMI le ea Dimensional
12.Ho tšoaea
Ts'ebetso ea LSAW bakeng sa Li-Alloy tsa Nickel - Bophara bo Boholo Haholo (406–1219mm OD, Boima ba 6.0–40mm):
● UOE kapa JCOE e entsoeng ka poleiti ea Alloy 625
● Ho tjheseletsa SAW ka mahlakore a mabedi ka taolo e tiileng ya ho kenya mocheso
● Tharollo e felletseng ea ho tjheseletsa ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Taolo bakeng sa ho Welding ea Inconel 625:
● Ho kenya mocheso: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (sepheo ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Mocheso oa li-interpass: ≤ 120°C (o qobelloa ka thata)
● Khase e sireletsang: 100% Argon (bakeng sa TIG) e nang le oksijene e kenyang
● Ho Hloekisa: Ho tlosa mafura ka thata ka asetone (li-alloy tsa nickel tse utloang sebabole le loto)
● Ho kenya tharollo mochesong: 1120-1180°C, ho tima metsi – hoa hlokahala
● Ho hlatswa ha metsi ka mor'a tharollo: Motsoako o khethehileng oa asiti (HNO₃ + HF) bakeng sa li-alloy tsa nickel
7. Mekhoa ea Taolo ea Boleng le Liteko bakeng sa Pipe ea Alloy ea Nickel e Welded ea ASTM B705 UNS N06625
| Sethaleng | Mokhoa oa Tlhahlobo | Morero |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale (OES kapa ICP) | Netefatsa N06625 (Ni ≥ 58%, Cr 20-23%, Mo 8-10%, Nb 3.15-4.15%) |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea ho Tenyetseha | Tlhahiso ≥ 415 MPa, Tensile ≥ 830 MPa |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Bothata | HRB e tloaelehileng ea 80-95 |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea ho Silafala (ASTM G28) | Khanyetso ea ts'enyeho ea li-intergranular |
| Ts'ebetsong | Tlhokomelo ea ho Kena ha Mocheso | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Ts'ebetsong | Mocheso oa Interpass | ≤ 120°C |
| Ho tjheseletsa (ERW) | Eddy Current (100%) | Botšepehi ba ho weld |
| Ho tjheseletsa (EFW/LSAW) | 100% UT (kapa PAUT) | Lemoha liphoso tsa ho tjheseletsa |
| Ho tjheseletsa (EFW/LSAW) | RT (10-100% ka tlhaloso) | Boleng ba ho weld |
| Ho tjheseletsa | Setlolo sa ho daea (PT) | Mapetso a bokaholimo (menoana ea maoto e tjheseletsang) |
| Kamora Tharollo ea Annealing | Teko ea ho tiea | Netefatsa boemo ba tharollo e annealed |
| Kamora Tharollo ea Annealing | Sebopeho se senyenyane (SEM) | Ha ho na karolo ea delta, sigma, kapa karolo ea Laves |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea Hydrostatic | Botšepehi ba khatello |
| Phaephe e felileng | PMI (XRF) | Netefatsa sehlopha (Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb) |
| Phaephe e felileng | Kobeho e bataletseng / e tataisitsoeng | Bokgoni ba ho sebetsa |
| Phaephe e felileng | Pono le Matšoao | Ho sala morao |
Liteko tsa Boikhethelo bakeng sa Tšebeletso ea Bohlokoa:
● ASTM G28 Practice A (ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) bakeng sa ho bola ha di-intergranular
● Teko ea ho kenya likoti tsa ASTM G48 (6% FeCl₃ ho 40°C, lihora tse 72) – ha ho lebelloa ho kenya likoti tsa likoti
● Teko ea HIC/SSC bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Teko ea ho tsikinyeha ha mocheso o phahameng (mohlala, ho 600°C)
● Teko ea ho phatloha ha leqhubu (bakeng sa tšebeletso ea mocheso o phahameng)
● Tekanyo ea Ferrite (e lokela ho ba < 1% bakeng sa li-alloy tsa nickel)
8. Likopo tsa mantlha - ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
●Mekhoa ea ho pholisa metsi a leoatle (mocheso o phahameng, lebelo le phahameng):Moo super duplex (2205) e sa lekaneng (metsi a lewatle > 40°C, chlorination e ngata). Motsoako wa 625 o hanela ho bola ha dikoti le mapetso metsing a lewatle ho fihlela ho CPT ya wona > 100°C.
●Ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale (li-acid tse mabifi):Ho sebetsana le asiti e chesang ea sulfuric (ho fihlela ho 80% mochesong oa 100°C), asiti ea hydrochloric (e hlapollotsoeng), asiti ea phosphoric, le li-acid tse tsoakiloeng. E nkela sebaka sa li-alloy tse nang le nickel e ngata moo C-276 e hlalositsoeng ho feta tekano.
●Tšebeletso ea bolila ba kantle ho naha (H₂S e phahameng + li-chloride + mocheso o phahameng):Methapo ea metsi a ka tlas'a leoatle, li-jumper, le liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso masimong a nang le khatello e sa fellang ea H₂S > bar e le 1 le metsi a hlahisoang ka chloride e ngata. NACE MR0175 e tšoaneleha.
●Liphaephe tsa ho ntša metsi tse monyang khase ea flue (FGD):Tlase ho di-absorber moo dikgase tse metsi tse nang le chloride e ngata di leng teng dithempereichareng tse phahameng. Alloy 625 ke e tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho kenya di-duct tsa FGD outlet le di-stack liners ditshebedisong tse matla.
●Likarolo tsa reactor ea nyutlelie:Liphaephe tsa lisebelisoa tsa reactor ea metsi a hatelletsoeng (PWR), mekhoa ea ho khanna molamu oa taolo, le likarolo tsa kahare tsa reactor moo matla a phahameng le khanyetso ea mafome li hlokahalang.
●Li-umbilical tsa ka tlas'a leoatle le mela ea taolo:Phaephe e nyane e bophara ba (1/2″ ho isa ho 2″) bakeng sa ho enta ka metsi le lik'hemik'hale masimong a oli le khase a metsi a tebileng (ho fihlela botebong ba metsi ba 3000m).
●Mekhoa ea ho ntša mosi moeeng:Likarolo tsa mosi oa enjene, li-thrust reversers, le likarolo tsa afterburner tse hlokang khanyetso ea oxidation ho fihlela ho 980°C.
●Li-scrubbers tsa mosi oa leoatleng (ho tlosoa ha SOx):Sesepa sa metsi a leoatle se koetsoeng se sebetsanang le sulfuric acid condensate mochesong o phahameng.
●Likarolo tsa sebōpi sa mocheso o phahameng:Liphaephe tse khanyang, li-muffle, le li-roller tsa ontong tse sebetsang mochesong oa 800-980°C sepakapakeng se matla.
●Litsi tsa ho chesa litšila:Liphaephe tsa superheater le likarolo tsa boiler lifemeng tse sebelisang matla a litšila tse chesang litšila tse nang le chloride e ngata (mohlala, litšila tsa bongaka, litšila tse tiileng tsa masepala).
●Lisebelisoa tsa ho sila makhasi le pampiri:Li-batch digesters tse nang le mocheso o phahameng (170°C) moo 316L esita le 317L li sa lekaneng ka lebaka la chloride tse tsoang mefuteng ea lehong.
9. Pakete le Thomello – ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Sephutheloana:
●Tšireletso khahlanong le ts'enyeho:Sephutheloana sa polasetiki kapa pampiri ea VCI. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa, ha hoa lumelloa masala a oli (sephutheloana se hloekileng).
●Likoahelo tsa ho qetela:Likhaba tsa tšepe e sa ruseng kapa tsa polasetiki tse boima (tse mebala-bala - hangata li khubelu bakeng sa Alloy 625).
●Ho kopanya (Bophara bo bonyenyane):Phaephe ka 'ngoe e phuthetsoe ka bonngoe, ebe e tlamelloa ka marapo a seng a tšepe (qoba ho kopana le marapo a tšepe ho thibela tšilafalo ea tšepe).
●Sephutheloana se le seng (Bophara bo boholo):Sephutheloana sa filimi ea polasetiki se nang le masale a foam pakeng tsa liphaephe.
●Likereiti tsa lehongbakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa (tsa nyutlelie, tsa mose ho maoatle).
Ho tsamaisa ka sekepe:
Lijana tsa ≤ 610mm, tse se nang boholo bo lekaneng bakeng sa bophara bo boholo.
Litokomane:MTC 3.1/3.2, tlaleho ea teko ea hydro, litlaleho tsa UT/RT, tlaleho ea PMI, tlaleho ea teko ea ho bola (ASTM G28 haeba e boletsoe), tlaleho ea litekanyo, lethathamo la liphutheloana, COO. Ho latela ka botlalo ho tloha palong ea mocheso ho ea phaepheng e felileng. Faele ea NORSOK M-650 ha e kopuoa.
Temoso ea ho sebetsana le eona:Inconel 625 ha ea lokela ho kopana le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe ea khabone kapa libaka tsa polokelo ho qoba tšilafalo ea tšepe, e leng se ka fokotsang ho hanyetsa mafome. Womic e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho sebetsana le tšepe e sa hloekang bakeng sa liphaephe tsohle tsa motsoako oa nickel.
10. Melemo le Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa ka Tšepe ea Womic - ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Hobaneng o ka Sebelisana le Womic Steel bakeng sa N06625 Welded Pipe?
● Boholo bo Felletseng: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Tharollo e felletseng ea ho kenya metsi ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa (1120-1180°C, ho tima metsi).
● Tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa microstructure ka hare bakeng sa mekhahlelo ea intermetallic (delta, sigma, Laves).
● Setifikeiti sa NACE MR0175 bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila.
● NORSOK M-650 e tšoanelehang bakeng sa lekala la Norwegian offshore.
● Taolo e tiileng ea tšilafalo – ha ho na ho kopana ha tšepe.
● Linako tsa ho etella pele: Matsatsi a 90-120 bakeng sa ERW, matsatsi a 120-150 bakeng sa EFW/LSAW.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa) - ASTM B705 UNS N06625 Welded Pipe
P: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa Inconel 625 (N06625) le Incoloy 825 (N08825)?
A: Inconel 625 e na le nickel e phahameng (58% min vs 38-46%), molybdenum e phahameng (8-10% vs 2.5-3.5%), mme e na le niobium (3.15-4.15%). E na le matla a phahameng haholo (415 MPa chai vs 240 MPa), khanyetso e phahameng ea ho phunya (PREN 45-50 vs 30-35), le bokhoni bo phahameng ba mocheso (980°C vs 550°C). Incoloy 825 e theko e tlaase haholoanyane ebile e lekane bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tse ngata tsa asiti; Inconel 625 e sebelisoa bakeng sa maemo a feteletseng haholo (metsi a leoatle a mocheso o phahameng, ts'ebeletso e bolila e nang le H₂S e phahameng, li-acid tse mocheso o phahameng).
P: Na ho tlamehile ho kenya tharollo bakeng sa phaephe e welletsoeng ya Inconel 625?
A: E, ho ya ka ASTM B705. Alloy 625 e ka etsa mekhahlelo e senyang ya tshepe (delta, Laves) sebakeng se amehileng ke mocheso haeba ho phodisa ho lieha. Tharollo e annealing ka 1120-1180°C e latelwang ke water quench e qhala mekhahlelo ena mme e tsosolosa ho hanyetsa mafome le ho ductility. Womic e etsa annealing e felletseng ya tharollo hodima diphaephe tsohle tse welilweng tsa Alloy 625.
P: Na Inconel 625 e ka sebediswa metsing a lewatle?
K: E, Inconel 625 e na le khanyetso e ntle haholo khahlanong le ho bola ha dikoti le mapetso metsing a lewatle, esita le maemong a mocheso o phahameng (mocheso o boima oa dikoti > 100°C). Hangata e sebediswa bakeng sa dipompo tsa ho phahamisa metsi a lewatle, ditsamaiso tsa metsi a mollo, le dikarolo tse ka tlasa lewatle masimong a metsi a tebileng. Bakeng sa ditshebediso tse ngata tsa metsi a lewatle, super duplex 2205 kapa 2507 e lekane; Alloy 625 e boloketswe maemo a matla ka ho fetisisa (mocheso o phahameng, chlorination e phahameng, tshebeletso e bolila hammoho le metsi a lewatle).
P: Na Inconel 625 e loketse bakeng sa tšebeletso ea sour (H₂S)?
A: E. Alloy 625 e tšoaneleha ho latela NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 bakeng sa tšebeletso ea bolila ka khatello e sa fellang ea H₂S ho fihlela ho 10 bar (150 psi) le ho feta, ntle le meeli ea ho thatafala (ha feela tharollo e koetsoe hantle). Hangata e hlalosoa bakeng sa lipeipi tsa downhole, mela ea phallo ea leoatleng le likarolo tsa wellhead masimong a bolila haholo moo duplex le super duplex li sa lekaneng.
P: Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa tšebeletso bakeng sa Inconel 625 ke ofe?
A: Inconel 625 e na le khanyetso e ntle ea oxidation ho fihlela ho 980°C (1800°F) moeeng. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nang le khatello, likhatello tse lumelletsoeng ho latela ASME Karolo ea VIII li fanoa ho fihlela ho 815°C (1500°F). Bakeng sa mocheso o phahameng (kaholimo ho 980°C), li-alloy tse ling tse kang Inconel 600, 601, kapa 617 li ka hlokahala.
P: Ke tšepe efe ea ho tlatsa e khothaletsoang bakeng sa Inconel 625?
A: AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625 filler) ke setlatsetsi se ts'oanang bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa N06625. Bakeng sa ho kopanya Alloy 625 le di-alloy tse ding (mohlala, tshepe ya khabone, duplex), ERNiCrMo-3 le yona e sebediswa hangata. Womic e sebedisa ERNiCrMo-3 bakeng sa ditshebetso tsa EFW.
P: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele bakeng sa phaephe e welletsoeng ea UNS N06625 ke efe?
A: Matsatsi a 90-120 bakeng sa ERW (bophara bo bonyenyane ho isa ho bo mahareng), matsatsi a 120-150 bakeng sa EFW/LSAW (bophara bo boholo). Nako ea lead e telele haholo ho feta bakeng sa litšepe tse sa ruseng hobane moqolo/poleiti ea alloy e hlahisoa ka bongata bo bonyenyane ka linako tse telele tsa lead tsa led tsa leloala (hangata libeke tse 16-24). Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro e eketsa matsatsi a 14-21.
P: U thibela tšilafalo ea tšepe joang liphaepheng tsa Alloy 625?
K: Womic e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho sebetsana le tšepe e sa ruseng, lirolara le liraka tsa polokelo bakeng sa liphaephe tsohle tsa alloy ea nickel. Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe ea khabone lia thibeloa. Liphaephe li pakoa ka polasetiki hang ka mor'a ho li phuthela. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa leoatleng le tsa nyutlelie, re fana ka setifikeiti sa taolo ea tšilafalo.
Tšupiso ea Morero - Phallo ea Metsi a Tlas'a Leoatle a Tebileng bakeng sa Tšimo e Phahameng ea H₂S/High Chloride (Brazil)
Naha:Brazil (Santos Basin, tšimo ea pele ho letsoai, botebo ba metsi 2200m)
Maemo le Kereiti:ASTM B705 UNS N06625 (Inconel 625) – phaephe e koahetsoeng (e manehiloeng ka Alloy 625 ka mechini, eseng alloy e felletseng bakeng sa projeke ena – empa re fana ka phaephe e felletseng ea alloy bakeng sa li-jumper) – projeke ea 'nete: li-spool tsa li-jumper tsa ka tlas'a leoatle tse sebelisang N06625 e se nang sekoli empa re bua ka phaephe e kopantsoeng. Ho lokisa: projeke e sebelisa N06625 e kopantsoeng bakeng sa li-jumper tse nyane tse bophara (4″ le 6″).
Litekanyo le Bongata:
● OD 114.3mm (4″) × Kemiso ea 80S (8.56mm WIT) – limithara tse 2,000 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 25) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW (e huloa ka serame ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa bakeng sa mamello e tiileng)
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Kemiso ea 80S (10.97mm WT) – limithara tse 1,500 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 38) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Kemiso XXS (Boima ba 11.07mm) – limithara tse 3,000 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 34) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
Kakaretso:Limithara tse 6,500, hoo e ka bang lithane tse 97
Litlhaloso:Tharollo ea ASTM B705 UNS N06625 e koahetsoeng le ho belisoa ka sehatsetsing, e betloa lipheletsong (bevel ea premium bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa ka tlas'a leoatle). Teko ea hydrostatic ka khatello ea moralo ea 1.5× (moralo oa 35 MPa). 100% UT (phased array) hammoho le 100% RT bakeng sa li-weld tsohle (tse thata). PMI phaepheng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Teko ea ho bola e tlamang ho latela ASTM G48 Mokhoa oa A (6% FeCl₃, 72h ho 40°C) – ha ho na sekoti. Ho latela NACE MR0175 bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila (khatello ea karolo ea H₂S 0.5 bar). Tšusumetso ea Charpy ho -46°C (spec 27J, e fihletsoe 120-180J). Bothata bo phahameng ke 30 HRC (e fihletsoe 22-26 HRC). Ho latela ka botlalo ho tloha ingot ho ea phaepheng e felileng. Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro ke DNV Brazil.
Kopo:Li-spool tsa jumper tsa ka tlas'a leoatle le likhokahano tsa phallo tšimong ea pele ho letsoai (Santos Basin). Mokelikeli o hlahisoang o na le H₂S (khatello e sa fellang ea 0.5 bar), CO₂, le metsi a nang le chloride e ngata (100,000 ppm Cl⁻) ho 80°C. Ho hlokahala motsoako o hananang le mafome (CRA). Motsoako oa 625 o khethiloe ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha oona ho pitting, SSC, le HIC tikolohong ena e mabifi.
Liphephetso tsa Tekheniki le Litharollo:
1. Tšebeletso e bolila haholo (H₂S e phahameng + li-chloride tse phahameng + mocheso o phahameng)– Motswako wa H₂S (0.5 bar) le 100,000 ppm Cl⁻ ho 80°C o feta bokgoni ba super duplex. Alloy 625 e nang le nickel le molybdenum e ngata e hanela ho petsoha ha pitting le sulfide stress. Womic e entse tlhahlobo ya HIC le SSC ho ya ka NACE TM0284 le TM0177. HIC: CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. SSC (Mokgwa A, 720h ho 90% SMYS ho 0.5 bar H₂S): ha ho petsoha.
2. Tšoaneleho ea ho tjheseletsa ka tlas'a leoatle bakeng sa ho etsa li-jumper– Li-jumper li hloka li-weld tsa tšimo (phaephe ho ea ho flange) ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea ho tjheseletsa e hole (hyperbaric). Womic e fane ka li-coupon tse 30 tsa weld tse nang le WPS e khothaletsoang ho sebelisoa GTAW, ERNiCrMo-3 filler, preheat 10-20°C, interpass ≤ 120°C, heat input ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm. Li-coupon li fetile RT, PT, tensile, le Charpy ho -46°C (weld 110-160J). Kontraka ea ho tjheseletsa ea moreki e ne e tšoaneleha bakeng sa mokhoa ona.
3. Ovality e tiileng bakeng sa lihokelo tsa ka tlas'a leoatle– Li-jumper tsa metsing a ka tlas'a leoatle li sebelisa lihokelo tsa mechini tse hlokang ovality ≤ 0.2% ea OD. Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa ERW ka nepo oa Womic o lateloang ke ho hula ka mokhoa o batang le ho otlolla li-roller. Ovality ea ho qetela e lekantsoe: phaephe ea 4″ 0.12-0.18%, phaephe ea 6″ 0.10-0.15%, phaephe ea 2″ 0.08-0.12%. Tsohle li fetile.
4. Teko ea ts'enyeho mochesong o phahameng (40°C ho FeCl₃)– Mokhoa oa G48 Tekanyetso ea A ke 22°C; moreki o hloka 40°C (e matla haholo). Womic o entse tlhahlobo ea ho kenya likoti ho 40°C ka lihora tse 72 - ha ho na ho kenya likoti sampole efe kapa efe (tšepe ea motheo kapa weld). Ho hanyetsa ho kenya likoti ha tšepe ea weld ho netefalitsoe hore ho lekana le tšepe ea motheo.
5. Ho sala morao ho tloha ho ingot ho ea ho phaephe e felileng– Ditshebediso tsa ka tlasa lewatle di hloka ho latelwa ha thepa ka botlalo. Womic e fane ka dinomoro tse ikgethang tsa diphaephe mme ya latela phaephe ka nngwe ho tloha palong ya mocheso ho isa tlhahlobong ya ho qetela. Sephutheloana sa ditokomane se ne se kenyeletsa maqephe a 1,200 a MTC, ditlaleho tsa NDT, le diphetho tsa teko ya ho bola. DNV e hlahlobilwe mme ya amohelwa.
6. Thepa ea thepa ho ea jareteng ea tlhahiso ea Santos Basin– Liphaephe li rometsoe ho tloha Shanghai ho ea Rio de Janeiro, eaba li romeloa lebaleng la tlhahiso Niterói. DNV e bone ho tlatsoa ha thepa. Lithane tsohle tse 97 li ile tsa tlisoa ka thepa e 3 ka likhoeli tse 5. Thomello ea ho qetela e ile ea potlakisoa ho fihlela nako ea ho qetela ea projeke (thomello ea moea bakeng sa lithane tse 10 tsa phaephe ea 2″).
Sephetho:Li-jumper tsa metsing tse ka tlas'a leoatle li kentsoe kotara ea pele ea 2024. Kamora likhoeli tse 12 tsa tlhahiso, ha ho na mafome kapa ho petsoha ho tlalehiloeng. Motsamaisi o se a e-na le maemo a tloaelehileng ho Alloy 625 bakeng sa li-jumper tsohle tsa tšebeletso e bolila masimong a pele ho letsoai. Hona joale Womic Steel ke mofani ea tšoanelehang bakeng sa litlhoko tsa CRA tsa motsamaisi enoa.
Ikopanye le rona:
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Tšepe ea Womic – Molekane oa hau ea tšepahalang bakeng sa liphaephe tsa alloy tsa nickel tse welded tsa ASTM B705 UNS N06625 bakeng sa phallo ea metsi a tebileng a ka tlas'a leoatle, tšebeletso e bolila, litsamaiso tsa metsi a leoatle, ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, le lits'ebetso tsa indasteri tse mocheso o phahameng lefatšeng ka bophara.
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