1. Tšepe ea Womic: Bokhoni ba Tlhahiso le Matla a Khamphani
Womic Steel Group ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong le morekisi oa kantle ho naha ea nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 20 ba ho hlahisa liphaephe tse sa senyeheng tsa alloy (CRA) ho kenyeletsoa le li-alloy tsa nickel, litšepe tse sa hloekang tsa duplex, le titanium. Setsi sa rona se ikhethileng sa tlhahiso ea liphaephe tse lahletsoeng ka alloy ea nickel se sebelisa mahlale a mangata a tsoetseng pele a ho tjheseletsa ka taolo e tiileng ea ho kenya mocheso le kalafo ea mocheso kamora ho tjheseletsa ho boloka ho hanyetsa ho bola ha alloy le thepa ea mechini:
●Mohala oa ERW (Ho Welding ka Khahlanong le Motlakase):Bakeng sa bophara ba 6.35mm ho isa ho 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 0.5mm ho isa ho 12.7mm. Ho tjheseletsa ka maqhubu a phahameng ka mocheso o tlase ho qoba karohano. E loketse liphaephe tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng tsa N08825 bakeng sa mela ea lisebelisoa, ente ea lik'hemik'hale, le liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso.
●Mohala oa EFW (Motlakase oa ho Welding oa ho Kopanya Motlakase):Bakeng sa bophara ba 219mm ho isa ho 1219mm (8″ – 48″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 4.0mm ho isa ho 50mm. TIG (GTAW) root pass e nang le SAW fill passes, ho sebediswa filler metal e tshwanang (ERNiCrMo-3 kapa ERNiCrMo-10) le kgase e sa sebetseng hantle e sireletsang.
●Mohala oa LSAW / SAWL bakeng sa Li-alloy tsa Nickel:Bakeng sa bophara ba 406mm ho isa ho 1524mm (16″ – 60″), botenya ba lebota bo fihlang ho 50mm. Ho tjheseletsa arc e qoelitsoeng ka metsing ea lipoleiti tsa alloy tsa nickel tse phutholohileng ka mocheso o laoloang.
Liphaephe tsohle tse welletsoeng ka motsoako oa nickel li feta ho annealing ka tharollo (kalafo ea mocheso) ho 980-1040°C ho lateloe ke ho tima metsi kapa ho pholisa moea ka potlako ho tsosolosa khanyetso ea mafome le ho qhala lik'habohaedreite kapa li-precipitate tse pakeng tsa tšepe, ho lateloe ke ho pickling le passivation.
Litifikeiti tsa Boleng le ho Latela Melao:
● Setifikeiti sa ISO 9001:2015
● PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa khatello
● Setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.2 se nang le netefatso ea mokha oa boraro (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Tlhahlobo ea Mokha oa Boraro (TPI) e amohetsoeng ke SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila (H₂S)
● Khoutu ea Sejana sa Boiler le Khatello ea ASME (Karolo ea VIII, Karolo ea 1) ha e kopuoa
Womic Steel e fana ka liphaephe tse welded ka alloy ea nickel linaheng tse fetang 30 ho pholletsa le ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso ea manyolo, liindasteri tsa nyutlelie le tsa mose ho maoatle.
Ho tenyetseha ha Tlhahiso:
● ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Boima × ≤ 12m
● EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm Boima × ≤ 12m (e telele ha e kopuoa)
● LSAW: 406–1524mm OD × 6.0–50mm Boima × ≤ 18m
● Dikgetho tsa ho qeta: E annealed le e qhibilihisitsoeng, e annealed e benyang (bakeng sa ho kenya diphaephe tse nyane)
2. ASTM B705 UNS N08825: Sebopeho sa thepa le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso
UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) ke motsoako oa nickel-iron-chromium o nang le li-eketsa tsa molybdenum, koporo le titanium. E etselitsoe ho fana ka khanyetso e ntle ho li-acid tse fokotsang le tse oxidizing, hammoho le ho petsoha ha khatello ea corrosion e bakoang ke chloride (SCC) le ho petsoha ha li-pitting. Ho eketsoa ha titanium ho tsitsisa motsoako khahlanong le tlhaselo ea intergranular kamora ho tjheseletsa (ho tšoana le litšepe tse sa hloekang tse tsitsitseng). Boleng bo phahameng ba nickel (38-46%) bo fana ka khanyetso e ntle ho chloride SCC, ha chromium le molybdenum li fana ka khanyetso ea li-pitting. Koporo e eketsa khanyetso ho li-acid tsa sulfuric le phosphoric.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (Tlhahlobo ea Lesela, % ka boima):
| Karolo | UNS N08825 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.050 (hangata ≤ 0.025) |
| Mn | ≤ 1.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.030 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 19.5 – 23.5 |
| Ni | 38.0 – 46.0 |
| Mo | 2.5 – 3.5 |
| Cu | 1.5 – 3.0 |
| Ti | 0.6 – 1.2 |
| Al | ≤ 0.20 |
| Fe | Tekanyo |
Matlotlo a Mekaniki (Mocheso oa Kamore, Tharollo e Amohetsoeng):
| Thepa | UNS N08825 |
| Matla a Tlhahiso (bonyane, phokotso ea 0.2%) | 240 MPa (35,000 psi) |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso) | 550 MPa (80,000 psi) |
| Ho lelefatsa (bonyane, gauge ea 50mm) | 30% |
| Bothata (bo tloaelehileng) | 75-85 HRB |
Thepa ea 'Mele:
● Botenya: 8.14 g/cm³
● Modulus ea Elasticity: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)
● Ho tsamaisa mocheso: 11.1 W/m·K ho 100°C
● Katoloso ea Thermal Coefficient: 14.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Khanyetso ea ho Sila:
● Ho hanyetsa hantle acid ea sulfuric ka mefuta e mengata ea maemo (ho fihlela ho 96% mochesong o itekanetseng)
● Ho hanyetsa ka mokhoa o ikhethang phosphoric acid (tshebetso e metsi) e nang le di-chloride le di-fluoride
● Ho hanyetsa hantle asiti ea nitric le li-acid tsa manyolo
● Ho hanyetsa ka mokhoa o babatsehang ho petsoha ha mafome a khatello ea chloride (SCC)
● Ho hanyetsa mafome hantle ha ho kenngwa dikoti le ho kgephoha ha mapetso dibakeng tsa chloride (PREN ≈ 30-35)
● E hanela ho bola ha di-intergranular ka mora ho tjheseletsa (titanium e tsitsitse)
● E loketse tšebeletso e bolila (NACE MR0175) ho fihlela khatellong e phahameng ea karoloana ea H₂S
Meeli ea ho Sila (E hakanyetsoang):
● Asiti ea sulfuric (H₂SO₄): e ka sebelisoa ho fihlela ho 96% mochesong oa kamore; e lekanyelitsoe ha e belisa
● Asiti ea phosphoric (H₃PO₄): e ntle haholo ho fihlela ho 80% mochesong oa 100°C
● Asiti ea Hydrochloric (HCl): e lekanyelitsoe ho hlapolla (< 5%) mochesong oa kamore
● Asiti ea nitrike (HNO₃): e ntle ho fihlela ho 40% mochesong o itekanetseng
3. Ho Latela Maemo le Litekanyetso tsa Tekanyo
| Ntho | Tlhaloso |
| E tloaelehileng | ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (phaephe); ASTM B709 (phaephe) |
| Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso | ERW, EFW, LSAW |
| Sebaka sa Bophara ba Kantle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 - 1524mm |
| Botenya ba Lebota | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 - 50mm |
| Kemiso ea Kemiso | 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (bakeng sa NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Bolelele ba Nako | E tloaelehileng: 6m; E atolositsoe: 12m, 18m, ho fihlela ho 18m (e telele ha e kopuoa) |
| Qetello ea ho Qetela | Qetello e se nang letho (PE), Qetello e Beveled (BE) |
| Qetello ea Bokaholimo | E apeetsoe le e khethiloeng, e benyang e apeetsoeng |
| Mamello | OD: ±0.5% kapa ±3.2mm; Boima: ±12.5% (ka ASTM B775); Bolelele: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Litekanyo le Litlhaloso tse Fumanehang – ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe (Boholo bo Tloaelehileng bo Khethiloeng)
| NPS | OD (mm) | Kemiso | Boima ba 'mele (mm) | Boima (kg/m2) | Bolelele bo Tloaelehileng | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 40S | 2.77 | 1.27 | 6m | Ente ea lik'hemik'hale |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 40S | 2.87 | 1.69 | 6m | Mela ea liletsa |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 40S | 3.38 | 2.50 | 6m | Mela ea ho fepa ka asiti |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 40S | 3.68 | 4.05 | 6m | Liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 40S | 3.91 | 5.44 | 6m / 12m | Asiti ea sulfuric |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | Asiti ea phosphoric |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | Methapo ea mouoane |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Sehokelo sa FGD |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Mohala o bolila oa kantle ho naha |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Tsosoloso ea asiti |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Sehlooho se seholo sa asiti |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Ts'ebetso e ncha ea nyutlelie |
| 20″ | 508.0 | 40S | 15.09 | 183.5 | 12m | Bophara bo boholo |
| 24″ | 609.6 | 40S | 17.48 | 255.5 | 12m | Kopo e ikhethang |
*Litekanyo tse ikhethileng ka ntle ho mefuta ena lia fumaneha. Liphaephe tse welletsoeng tsa N08825 li hloka linako tse telele tsa ho etella pele (bonyane matsatsi a 60) ka lebaka la ho fumana strip/plate ka mokhoa o ikhethileng.*
5. Maemo le Likereiti tse Tloaelehileng tsa Nickel Alloy tse Entsoeng ke Womic Steel
| E tloaelehileng | Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe / Alloy | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng | Mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa |
| ASTM B705 | UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) | Sulfuric, phosphoric acid | EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| ASTM B709 | UNS N08825 | Ho kenya liphaephe, mochine o fetolang mocheso | ERW |
| ASTM B619 | UNS N06022 (Hastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | E senya haholo | EFW/LSAW |
| ASTM B622 | UNS N06022, N10276 | Ho kenya liphaephe | ERW |
| ASTM B464 | UNS N08020 (Motsoako oa 20) | Asiti ea sulfuric | EFW |
| ASTM B729 | UNS N08020 | Ho kenya liphaephe | ERW |
Tšebeliso:Difeme tsa asiti (H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HNO₃), ho sebetsa hape ka matla a nyutlelie, tshebeletso ya bolila ya lewatleng, FGD, dikepe tsa dikhemikhale.
6. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Pipe ea Alloy ea Nickel e Welded (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Ho tjheseletsa motsoako wa nikeli ho hloka taolo e hlokolosi ya ho kenya mocheso le kalafo ya mocheso kamora ho tjheseletsa ho boloka ho hanyetsa mafome. Motsoako wa 825 o tsitsitswe ka titanium, empa ho kenya mocheso o feteletseng ho ntse ho ka baka ho utlwa bohloko kapa karohano.
Mokhoa oa ERW (Ho Welding ka Khahlanong le Motlakase) – Bophara bo Bonyenyane ho isa ho bo Mahareng (6.35–610mm OD):
●Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala (Strip/Coil):Moqolo o kopantsoeng oa nikeli o netefalitsoe bakeng sa motsoako oa N08825 (Ni 38-46%, Cr 19.5-23.5%, Mo 2.5-3.5%, Cu 1.5-3.0%, Ti 0.6-1.2%). Khoele ka 'ngoe e na le palo e ikhethang ea mocheso e nang le mokhoa o felletseng oa ho latela.
●Ho phutholla le ho batalatsa
●Ho Seha Meeli ea Strip
●Ho theha:Ho bopa moqolo o tswelang pele.
●Ho tjheseletsa ka Maqhubu a Phahameng:Ho kenya mocheso o tlase (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) ho thibela karohano. Ho tjheseletsa sepakapakeng se sa sebetseng (argon shielding) ho qoba oxidation.
●Ho Hlomamisa Seam:Ho kenya motlakase ka har'a induction ho lateloa ke ho pholisa ka potlako.
●Ho lekanya le ho otlolla
●Ho Seha ho fihlela Bolelele
●NDT:Teko ea hona joale ea Eddy (100%) + UT ea boikhethelo.
●Tharollo ea Annealing (Phaephe e Felletseng):980-1040°C, ho tima metsi (kapa ho pholisa moea ka potlako). E tlamang bakeng sa ho tsosolosa ho hanyetsa ho bola.
●Teko ea Hydrostatic
●Ho Khaola le ho Fetola Maikutlo(ho sebelisoa motsoako o khethehileng oa asiti bakeng sa li-alloy tsa nickel)
●Tlhahlobo ea PMI (XRF) le Ferrite (ha ho na ferrite ka har'a motsoako oa nickel)
●Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela le ho Tšoaea
Mokhoa oa EFW (Motlakase oa ho Welding) – Bophara bo Boholo (219–1219mm OD, Boima ba 4.0–50mm):
●Tokisetso ea Poleiti:Poleiti ea motsoako oa nikeli, mathoko a betloa (X bevel).
●Ho Etsa Meqolo
●Ho tjheseletsa ka Tack
●TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Tšepe e tlatsang e tšoanang (ERNiCrMo-3 kapa ERNiCrMo-10), khase e tšehetsang argon e nang le oksijene e kenang.
●Lipase tsa SAW Fill le Cap:Mocheso o tlase o kenang (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm), mocheso o pakeng tsa diphaseje ≤ 150°C. Phallo e ikgethang bakeng sa di-alloy tsa nickel (sebabole se tlase).
●Ho tjheseletsa ka hare (bakeng sa bophara bo boholo)
●100% RT + UT(ho latela ASTM B775)
●Tharollo ea ho Hloekisa:Kalafo e felletseng ea mocheso oa phaephe (980-1040°C), ho tima metsi.
●Ho Khaola le ho Fetola Maikutlo
●Teko ea Hydrostatic
●Tlhahlobo ea PMI le ea Dimensional
●Ho tšoaea
Ts'ebetso ea LSAW bakeng sa Li-alloy tsa Nickel - Bophara bo Boholo Haholo (406–1524mm OD, Boima ba 6.0–50mm):
● UOE kapa JCOE e entsoeng ka poleiti ea motsoako oa nickel
● Ho tjheseletsa SAW ka mahlakore a mabedi ka mocheso o tlase
● Tharollo e felletseng ea ho tjheseletsa ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Taolo bakeng sa ho Welding ea N08825:
● Ho kenya mocheso: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (sepheo ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Mocheso oa li-interpass: ≤ 150°C
● Khase e sireletsang: Argon (100%) bakeng sa TIG; argon + helium bakeng sa SAW
● Ho Hloekisa: Ho tlosa mafura ka thata pele ho tjheseletsa (metswako ya nikeli e utlwang sebabole le loto)
● Ho kenya tharollo ka metsi: 980-1040°C, ho tima metsi – hoa hlokahala.
● Ha ho na ferrite ka har'a tšepe ea weld (li-weld tsa nickel alloy li na le austenitic ka botlalo)
7. Mekhoa ea Taolo ea Boleng le Liteko bakeng sa Pipe ea Alloy ea Nickel e Welded ea ASTM B705 UNS N08825
| Sethaleng | Mokhoa oa Tlhahlobo | Morero |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale (OES kapa ICP) | Netefatsa meeli ea N08825 (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ti, Fe) |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea ho Tenyetseha | Tlhahiso ≥ 240 MPa, Tensile ≥ 550 MPa |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Bothata | 75-85 HRB e tloaelehileng |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea ho Silafala (ASTM G28) | Ho hanyetsa mafome a di-granular (bakeng sa tshebeletso ya asiti e bohlokwa) |
| Ts'ebetsong | Tlhokomelo ea ho Kena ha Mocheso | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Ts'ebetsong | Mocheso oa Interpass | ≤ 150°C |
| Ho tjheseletsa (ERW) | Eddy Current (100%) | Botšepehi ba ho weld |
| Ho tjheseletsa (EFW/LSAW) | 100% UT (kapa PAUT) | Lemoha liphoso tsa ho tjheseletsa |
| Ho tjheseletsa (EFW/LSAW) | RT (10-100% ka tlhaloso) | Boleng ba ho weld |
| Ho tjheseletsa | Setlolo sa ho daea (PT) | Mapetso a holim'a metsi |
| Kamora Tharollo ea Annealing | Teko ea ho tiea | Netefatsa boemo ba tharollo e annealed |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea Hydrostatic | Botšepehi ba khatello |
| Phaephe e felileng | PMI (XRF) | Netefatsa sehlopha (Ni, Cr, Mo) |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea ho Sila (Tloaelo ea ASTM G28 A) | Khanyetso ea IGC (haeba e boletsoe) |
| Phaephe e felileng | Pono le Matšoao | Ho sala morao |
Liteko tsa Boikhethelo bakeng sa Tšebeletso ea Bohlokoa:
● ASTM G28 Practice A (50% H₂SO₄ – ferric sulfate) bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mafome a di-intergranular
● Teko ea ho kenya likoti tsa ASTM G48 (ho FeCl₃, 6% ho 40°C) bakeng sa ho hanyetsa ho kenya likoti tsa chloride.
● Teko ea HIC/SSC bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Teko ea ho tsikinyeha ha mocheso o phahameng (mohlala, ho 300°C)
● Tekanyo ea Ferrite (e lokela ho ba < 1% bakeng sa li-alloy tsa nickel)
8. Likopo tsa mantlha - ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
●Limela tsa asiti ea sulfuric:Ho sebetsana le oleum (H₂SO₄ + SO₃), asiti e matla (96-98%), asiti e hlapollang (5-10%), le liphaephe tsa asiti tse pholileng. E nkela litšepe tse sa hloekang tse senyehang kapele sebaka.
●Tlhahiso ea asiti ea phosphoric (ts'ebetso e metsi):Li-evaporator, li-flash cooler, le phosphoric acid e sebetsanang le liphaephe tse nang le li-chloride le fluoride. Alloy 825 e hanela maemo a oxidizing le a fokotsang.
●Ho sebetsa hape ha mafura a nyutlelie:Ho sebetsana le mafura a nyutlelie a sebelisitsoeng a qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a asiti ea nitric ka fluoride. N08825 e hanela mafome tikolohong ena e mabifi haholo (e sebelisoang limela tsa Magnox le THORP).
●Tšebeletso ea ho rekisa lijo tse bolila kantle ho naha:Tlhahiso ea oli le khase e nang le khatello e phahameng ea karoloana ea H₂S (ho fihlela ho 10 bar) e kopantsoeng le li-chloride tse phahameng le mocheso o fihlang ho 200°C. NACE MR0175 e tšoaneleha.
●Ho pholisa metsi a leoatle (mocheso o phahameng):Mekhoa ea metsi a pholileng libakeng tsa ho hloekisa lebopong la leoatle le lifemeng tsa motlakase moo mocheso oa metsi a leoatle o fetang 45°C (moo 2205 esita le super duplex e ka bang le masoba). N08825 e hanela ho koaheloa ke masoba ho fihlela ho 80°C.
●Liphaephe tsa ho ntša metsi ka khase ea flue (FGD):Tlase ho di-absorber moo ho nang le dikhase tse metsi tse nang le chloride e ngata. Alloy 825 ke e tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho kenya di-outlet ducting le di-stack liners.
●Likepe tsa lik'hemik'hale:Liphaephe tsa thepa bakeng sa lik'hemik'hale tse matla ho kenyeletsoa le sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, le li-acid tsa organic. N08825 e amohetsoe ke lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa ho romela lik'hemik'hale.
●Limela tsa ho khella le ho tsosolosa asiti:Asiti ea hydrochloric (e hlapolloang) le mela ea ho phunya asiti e tsoakiloeng bakeng sa tlhahiso ea tšepe e sa ruseng.
●Kalafo ea metsi a litšila:Melapo e senyang haholo ea liindasteri e tsoa limela tsa lik'hemik'hale (li-acid tse tsoakiloeng, litšepe tse boima, li-chloride).
9. Pakete le Thomello – ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Sephutheloana:
●Tšireletso khahlanong le ts'enyeho:Sephutheloana sa polasetiki kapa pampiri ea VCI. Bakeng sa tšebeletso ea lik'hemik'hale, ha hoa lumelloa masala a oli (sephutheloana se hloekileng).
●Likoahelo tsa ho qetela:Likhaba tsa polasetiki tse boima (tse mebala-bala - hangata li lamunu bakeng sa N08825).
●Ho kopanya (Bophara bo bonyenyane):Phaephe ka 'ngoe e phuthetsoe ka bonngoe, ebe e tlamelloa ka marapo a seng a tšepe (qoba ho kopana ha marapo a tšepe ho thibela tšilafalo).
●Sephutheloana se le seng (Bophara bo boholo):Sephutheloana sa filimi ea polasetiki se nang le masale a foam pakeng tsa liphaephe.
●Likereiti tsa lehongbakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa (nyuklea, meriana).
Ho tsamaisa ka sekepe:
● Lijana tsa ≤ 610mm, tse nang le boholo bo arohaneng bakeng sa bophara bo boholo.
●Litokomane:MTC 3.1/3.2 (EN 10204), tlaleho ea teko ea metsi, litlaleho tsa UT/RT, tlaleho ea PMI, tlaleho ea teko ea mafome (ASTM G28 haeba e boletsoe), tlaleho ea litekanyo, lethathamo la liphutheloana, COO. Ho latela ka botlalo ho tloha palong ea mocheso ho ea phaepheng e felileng.
10. Melemo le Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa ka Tšepe ea Womic - ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Hobaneng o ka Sebelisana le Womic Steel bakeng sa N08825 Welded Pipe?
● Boholo bo Felletseng: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Ho kenya metsi ka botlalo ka tharollo ka mora ho tjheseletsa (980-1040°C, ho tima metsi).
● Teko ea ho bola ha granular ka ASTM G28 e fumaneha (e tlamang bakeng sa tšebeletso ea asiti).
● Setifikeiti sa NACE MR0175 bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila.
● Taolo e tiileng ea boleng – ha ho na ferrite ka har'a tšepe e weld.
● Linako tsa tlholisano bakeng sa liphaephe tsa motsoako oa nickel: matsatsi a 60-75 bakeng sa ERW, matsatsi a 75-90 bakeng sa EFW.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa) - ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Pipe
P: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa Incoloy 825 (N08825) le Alloy 20 (N08020)?
A: Ka bobeli li sebelisetsoa tšebeletso ea asiti ea sulfuric. Alloy 20 (N08020) e na le nickel e tlase (32-38%) le chromium e phahameng (19-21%) e nang le koporo. N08825 e na le nickel e phahameng (38-46%) le molybdenum (2.5-3.5%) hammoho le botsitso ba titanium. N08825 e na le khanyetso e betere ho pitting le chloride SCC mme e loketse haholoanyane tšebeletso ea bolila (H₂S). Alloy 20 e theko e tlaase haholo bakeng sa phosphoric acid mme e fokotsa sulfuric acid ntle le chloride. N08825 hangata e hlalosoa bakeng sa maemo a mabifi haholoanyane.
P: Na N08825 e hanela asiti ea sulfuric maemong 'ohle a eona?
A: Che. N08825 e ntle haholo bakeng sa sulfuric acid ho fihlela ho hoo e ka bang 60% mochesong o fihlang ho 100°C, le bakeng sa mahloriso a pakeng tsa 85-96% mochesong oa kamore. Boemong bo mahareng (60-85%) le mochesong o phahameng, sekhahla sa ho bola se ka ba holimo. Bakeng sa H₂SO₄ e nang le mocheso o phahameng (> 90%, > 150°C), li-alloy tse khethehileng tse kang Hastelloy C-276 li ka hlokahala. Kamehla sheba lichate tsa ho bola bakeng sa maemo a itseng.
P: Na N08825 e hloka kalafo ya mocheso kamora ho tjheseletsa kamora ho tjheseletsa?
A: Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata, N08825 e ka sebelisoa boemong ba ho tjheseletsa hobane botsitso ba titanium bo thibela ho utloa bohloko. Leha ho le jwalo, ASTM B705 e hloka ho tjheseletsa tharollo (kalafo ya mocheso) bakeng sa phaephe e tjheseletsang ho fihlela thepa ya mechini le ho hanyetsa mafome. Womic e etsa ho tjheseletsa tharollo diphaepheng tsohle tse tjheseletsang. Bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa masimong, ha ho hlokahale PWHT bakeng sa N08825.
P: Ke tšepe efe ea ho tlatsa e khothaletsoang bakeng sa N08825?
A: AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) kapa ERNiCrMo-10 (Inconel 622) di sebediswa hangata bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa N08825. Setlatsetso se tshwanang e tla ba ERNiCrMo-3. Womic e sebedisa ERNiCrMo-3 bakeng sa ditshebetso tsa EFW. Bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa masimong, ho kgothaletswa setlatsetso se tshwanang.
P: Na N08825 e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tšebeletso ea metsi a leoatle?
K: E. N08825 e na le kganyetso e ntle haholo khahlanong le ho bola ha dikoti le mapetso metsing a lewatle, esita le maemong a mocheso o phahameng (ho fihlela ho 80°C). Hangata e kgethwa bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa ho phodisa metsi a lewatle difemeng tsa ho hlwekisa le dipolanteng tsa motlakase tsa lebopong moo super duplex (2205) e ka bang le mapetso maemong a mocheso o phahameng. Leha ho le jwalo, bakeng sa dikopo tse ngata tsa metsi a lewatle, duplex kapa super duplex e lekane mme e theko e tlase. N08825 hangata e boloketswe ditsamaiso tsa metsi a lewatle tse nang le dikhemikhale tse ding tse senyang (mohlala, metsi a lewatle a nang le chlorine, tshilafatso ya asiti).
P: Na N08825 e loketse tšebeletso ea sour (H₂S)?
A: E. N08825 e tšoaneleha ho latela NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 bakeng sa tšebeletso ea bolila ka khatello e sa fellang ea H₂S ho fihlela ho 1 bar (15 psi) le ho feta, ho latela taolo ea ho thatafala. Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kenya liphaephe tse theohelang ka tlas'a mokoti, mela ea phallo, le liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso masimong a oli le khase e bolila moo duplex ea 2205 e sa lekaneng ka lebaka la H₂S e phahameng kapa li-chloride.
P: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele phaephe e welletsoeng ea UNS N08825 ke efe?
A: Matsatsi a 60-75 bakeng sa ERW (bophara bo bonyenyane ho isa ho bo mahareng), matsatsi a 75-90 bakeng sa EFW/LSAW (bophara bo boholo). Nako ea lead e telele ho feta bakeng sa litšepe tse sa hloekang hobane moqolo/poleiti ea alloy e hlahisoa ka bongata bo bonyenyane ka linako tse telele tsa lead tsa led tsa leloala. Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro e eketsa matsatsi a 7-14. Litaelo tsa ho potlaka (matsatsi a 45-60) li ka khoneha bakeng sa boholo bo tloaelehileng haeba thepa e le teng.
P: Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa ts'ebetso bakeng sa N08825 ke ofe?
A: N08825 e ka sebelisoa ts'ebetsong e tsoelang pele ho fihlela ho 550°C (1020°F) libakeng tse se nang asiti. Bakeng sa ts'ebeletso e senyang, mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa o lekanyetsoa ke ho bola. Ho asiti ea sulfuric, ts'ebeletso hangata e lekanyetsoa ho <100°C; ho asiti ea phosphoric ho fihlela ho <150°C. Bakeng sa ts'ebeletso ea oxidizing ea mocheso o phahameng, ho khothaletsoa li-alloy tse nang le chromium e phahameng (joalo ka Alloy 600, 601, kapa 625).
Tšupiso ea Morero - Seboiler sa Semela sa Sulfuric Acid sa Amerika Leboea le Phetolo ea Liphaephe
Naha:United States (Louisiana, tsela ea lik'hemik'hale ea Gulf Coast)
Maemo le Kereiti:ASTM B705 UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)
Litekanyo le Bongata:
● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Kemiso ea 40S (Boima ba 8.18mm) – limithara tse 600 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 20) – Ts'ebetso ea EFW
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Kemiso ea 40S (Boima ba 7.11mm) – limithara tse 400 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 10) – Ts'ebetso ea EFW
● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Kemiso ea 40S (5.49mm WT) – limithara tse 800 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 8) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Kemiso ea 80S (Boima ba 5.54mm) – limithara tse 1,000 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 6) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
Kakaretso:Limithara tse 2,800, hoo e ka bang lithane tse 44
Litlhaloso:Tharollo ea ASTM B705 UNS N08825 e koahetsoeng le ho belisoa ka setlolo, lipheletsong tse betliloeng. Teko ea metsi a sa fetoheng. 100% UT bakeng sa liphaephe tsa EFW, motlakase oa eddy + UT bakeng sa ERW. PMI phaepheng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Teko ea ho bola ea intergranular e tlamang ho latela ASTM G28 Practice A (mokhoa oa ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) - sekhahla sa ho bola < 10 mpy (mil ka selemo). Teko ea ho hanyetsa asiti ea hydrofluoric (e khethehileng ho moreki). Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro ke SGS USA.
Kopo:Ho nkeloa sebaka ha liphaephe tsa reboiler ea asiti le mela e amanang le eona semeleng sa ho tsosolosa asiti ea sulfuric. Semela se khutlisa asiti ea sulfuric e sebelisitsoeng ho tsoa liyuniti tsa alkylation (refinery) ka ho bola le ho tsosolosa mocheso. Liphaephe li sebetsana le asiti e chesang ea sulfuric (85-95% H₂SO₄) mochesong oa 150-200°C karolong ea reboiler, le asiti e hlapollang (5-10% H₂SO₄) mochesong oa 80-100°C karolong ea ho tima. Liphaephe tsa Alloy 20 (N08020) tse fetileng li ile tsa hloleha ka mor'a lilemo tse 4 ka lebaka la ho bola le ho petsoha ha li-granular. N08825 e khethiloe ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha eona ho phahameng ho asiti e tiileng le e hlapollang, hammoho le ho tsitsisa ha eona titanium.
Liphephetso tsa Tekheniki le Litharollo:
●Asiti e matla ea sulfuric e nang le mocheso o phahameng (85-95%, 150-200°C)– Alloy 20 e senya ka lebelo le ka holimo ho 50 mpy tlasa maemo ana. N08825 e nang le boemo ba tharollo bo annealed le metallurgy e nepahetseng e fane ka sekhahla sa ho bola < 5 mpy tekong ea ASTM G28 le tharollong ea ts'ebetso e etsisitsoeng ea moreki (85% H₂SO₄ ho 180°C, lihora tse 336). Womic e fane ka litlaleho tsa liteko tsa fektheri le li-coupon tsa liteko tsa ho bola.
●Kotsi ea ho bola ha li-intergranular kamora ho tjheseletsa– Le hoja N08825 e tsitsitse titanium, ho kenya mocheso o sa lokelang nakong ea tlhahiso ho ka baka pula ea chromium carbide meeling ea lijo-thollo. Ho kenya mocheso o laoloang ke womic ho fihlela ho ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm mme ha etsoa annealing e felletseng ea tharollo kamora ho tjheseletsa. Teko ea ASTM G28 lisampoleng tsa weld e bontšitse sekhahla sa ho bola ha 4-7 mpy (ka tlase ho moeli oa 10 mpy).
●Tšoaneleho ea mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa masimong– Sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea lifeme se ne se hloka ho etsa litokiso tsa masimo. Womic e fane ka li-coupon tse 20 tsa weld tsa 6″ Schedule 40S tse nang le WPS e khothaletsoang: GTAW e nang le ERNiCrMo-3 filler, 100% argon backing, interpass ≤ 150°C. Li-coupon li fetile tlhahlobo ea radiographic, PT, le ASTM G28. Sehlopha sa moreki sa welding se netefalitse mokhoa ona.
●Netefatso ea PMI - ho khetholla N08825 ho tsoa ho li-alloy tse tlase– Kotsi ea ho kopanya N08825 le Alloy 825 (UNS e tšoanang) khahlanong le Alloy 625 (motsoako o fapaneng). Womic e entse XRF phaepheng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe 'me ea ngoloa ka 'mala o nang le li-tag (lamunu bakeng sa 825). Ha ho na ho kopana ho etsahetseng.
●Thepa ea thepa nakong ea phetoho e reriloeng (ho koaloa ha libeke tse 4)– Liphaephe li ile tsa romelloa ho tloha Shanghai ho ea New Orleans, eaba li isoa sebakeng sa Louisiana ka literaka. Lithane tsohle tse 44 li ile tsa tlisoa matsatsi a 10 pele ho qalo ea ho sebetsa. Womic e fane ka litifikeiti tse netefalitsoeng tsa fektheri (EN 10204 Type 3.2) le litlaleho tsa liteko tsa ho bola esale pele bakeng sa tumello ea QA ea moreki.
Sephetho:Semela sa ho tsosolosa asiti se ile sa qalisoa bocha ka katleho kamora ho fetoloa. Kamora likhoeli tse 12 tsa ts'ebetso, tlhahlobo ea liphaephe tsa N08825 ha ea ka ea bontša ho se be le ts'enyeho e ka lekanngoang, ho se petsohe, le tlhaselo ea li-intergranular. Moreki o hakantse hore liphaephe tse ncha li tla nka lilemo tse 15+ (ha li bapisoa le lilemo tse 4 bakeng sa Alloy 20). Womic Steel e ekelitsoe lenaneng la thepa e amohetsoeng ke semela bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa asiti tsa nakong e tlang.
Ikopanye le rona:
Webosaete: www.womicsteel.com
Imeile: sales@womicsteel.com
Mohala / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Tšepe ea Womic – Molekane oa hau ea tšepahalang bakeng sa liphaephe tsa alloy tsa nickel tse welded tsa ASTM B705 UNS N08825 bakeng sa limela tsa sulfuric le phosphoric acid, ts'ebetso ea nyutlelie hape, tšebeletso ea bolila ba leoatleng, le lits'ebetso tsa metsi a leoatle a mocheso o phahameng lefatšeng ka bophara.
Lihlahisoa tse Amanang
-
Monel 400 (UNS N04400) – Motsoako oa Nickel-Copper bakeng sa...
-
Inconel 718 (UNS N07718) – Pula e thatafatsang...
-
Inconel 660 / Motsoako oa 660 (UNS S66286 / SUH660 / ...
-
Phaephe e se nang mohele ea Inconel 625 – Nickel Al...
-
Inconel 617 (UNS N06617) – Nickel-Chromium-Coba...
-
Inconel 601 (UNS N06601) – Nikele-Chromium Allo...
-
Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) – Nickel-Tšepe-Chromium...
-
Incoloy 800H (UNS N08810) – Nickel-Tšepe-Chromiu...
-
Haynes 230 (UNS N06230) - Nickel-Chromium-Tungs...