1. Tšepe ea Womic: Bokhoni ba Tlhahiso le Matla a Khamphani
Womic Steel Group ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong le morekisi oa kantle ho naha ea nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 20 ba ho hlahisa liphaephe tsa alloy tse sa senyeheng. Setsi sa rona se ikhethileng sa tlhahiso ea liphaephe tse welletsoeng tsa 904L se sebelisa mahlale a mangata a tsoetseng pele a ho wellisa ka taolo e tiileng ea ho kenya mocheso le kalafo ea mocheso kamora ho wellisa:
● Mohala oa ERW (Ho Welding ka Motlakase):Bakeng sa bophara ba 6.35mm ho isa ho 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 0.5mm ho isa ho 12.7mm. Ho tjheseletsa ka maqhubu a phahameng ka mocheso o tlase (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) ho qoba karohano ya dikahare tse ngata tsa alloy. E loketse diphaephe tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng tsa 904L.
●Mohala oa EFW (Motlakase oa ho Welding oa ho Kopanya Motlakase):Bakeng sa bophara ba 219mm ho isa ho 1219mm (8″ – 48″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 4.0mm ho isa ho 40mm. TIG (GTAW) root pass e nang le SAW fill passes, ho sebediswa filler metal e tshwanang (ERNiCrMo-3 kapa ER385).
●Mohala oa LSAW / SAWL bakeng sa Alloy e Phahameng:Bakeng sa bophara ba 406mm ho isa ho 1219mm (16″ – 48″), botenya ba lebota bo fihlang ho 40mm. Ho tjheseletsa arc e qoelitsoeng ka metsing ea lipoleiti tse phutholohileng tsa 904L ka mocheso o laoloang.
Liphaephe tsohle tse welletsoeng tsa 904L li feta ho annealing ka tharollo (kalafo ea mocheso) ho 1050-1150°C ho lateloe ke ho tima metsi ho qhala mekhahlelo efe kapa efe ea bobeli le ho tsosolosa ho hanyetsa ho bola, ho lateloe ke ho pickling le passivation ka metsoako e khethehileng ea asiti.
Litifikeiti tsa Boleng le ho Latela Melao:
●Setifikeiti sa ISO 9001:2015
●PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa khatello
●Setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.2 se nang le netefatso ea mokha oa boraro (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
●Tlhahlobo ea Mokha oa Boraro (TPI) e amohetsoeng ke SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
●NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila (H₂S) ha e kopuoa
●Khoutu ea Sejana sa Boiler le Khatello ea ASME (Karolo ea VIII, Karolo ea 1) ha e kopuoa
Womic Steel e fana ka liphaephe tse welded tsa 904L linaheng tse fetang 30 ho pholletsa le liindasteri tsa lik'hemik'hale, tsa likepe le tsa leoatle.
Ho tenyetseha ha Tlhahiso:
●ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Boima × ≤ 12m
●EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–40mm Boima × ≤ 12m (e telele ha e kopuoa)
●LSAW: 406–1219mm OD × 6.0–40mm Boima × ≤ 18m
●Dikgetho tsa ho qeta: E annealed le e qhibilihisitsoeng, e annealed e benyang (bakeng sa ho kenya diphaephe tse nyane)
2. ASTM B673 UNS N08904: Sebopeho sa thepa le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso
UNS N08904 (904L) ke tšepe e sa hloekang e entsoeng ka nickel e phahameng (23-28%), chromium e phahameng (19-23%), molybdenum (4-5%), le koporo (1-2%). Koporo e ekelitsoeng e fana ka khanyetso e ikhethang ho fokotsa li-acid tse kang sulfuric le phosphoric acid. Molybdenum e phahameng le chromium li fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea ho kenya likoti libakeng tsa chloride. 904L hangata e sebelisoa e le mokhoa o mong o theko e tlaase ho feta li-alloy tsa nickel maemong a mabifi a itekanetseng.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (Tlhahlobo ea Lesela, % ka boima):
| Karolo | UNS N08904 (904L) | 316L (bakeng sa papiso) |
| C | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Mn | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 2.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.045 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 |
| Cr | 19.0 – 23.0 | 16.0 – 18.0 |
| Ni | 23.0 – 28.0 | 10.0 – 14.0 |
| Mo | 4.0 – 5.0 | 2.0 – 3.0 |
| Cu | 1.0 – 2.0 | — |
| Fe | Tekanyo | Tekanyo |
Matlotlo a Mekaniki (Mocheso oa Kamore, Tharollo e Amohetsoeng):
| Thepa | UNS N08904 (904L) |
| Matla a Tlhahiso (bonyane, phokotso ea 0.2%) | 220 MPa (31,900 psi) |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso) | 490 MPa (71,100 psi) |
| Ho lelefatsa (bonyane, gauge ea 50mm) | 35% |
| Bothata (boholo) | 90 HRB |
Thepa ea 'Mele:
Botenya: 8.00 g/cm³
Modulus ea Elasticity: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)
Ho tsamaisa mocheso: 12.0 W/m·K ho 100°
Katoloso ea Thermal Coefficient: 15.4 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)Khanyetso ea ho Sila:
Pitting Resistance Number Equivance Number (PREN) = Cr% + 3.3(Mo%) + 16(N%) ≈ 35-40 (vs 316L PREN 24-26)
Ho hanyetsa hantle sulfuric acid ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ea mahloriso (ho fihlela ho 90% mochesong o itekanetseng)
Ho hanyetsa ka mokhoa o ikhethang phosphoric acid (tshebetso e metsi) e nang le dichloride le fluoride
Ho hanyetsa ka mokhoa o babatsehang ho ts'enyeho ea likoti le mapetso libakeng tsa chloride
Ho hanyetsa hantle mafome a intergranular kamora ho tjheseletsa (khabone e tlase)
E loketse tšebeletso e bolila (NACE MR0175) ka kalafo e nepahetseng ea mocheso
Meeli ea ho Sila (E hakanyetsoang):
● Asiti ea sulfuric (H₂SO₄): ho fihlela ho 90% ho 50°C; ho fihlela ho 70% ho 100°C
● Asiti ea Hydrochloric (HCl): e lekanyelitsoe ho hlapolla (< 5%) mochesong oa kamore
● Asiti ea phosphoric (H₃PO₄): e ntle haholo ho fihlela ho 85% mochesong oa 100°C
● Asiti ea asetiki: e ntle haholo maemong 'ohle
● Metsi a leoatle: a matle haholo mochesong o fihlang ho 50°C
3. Ho Latela Maemo le Litekanyetso tsa Tekanyo
| Ntho | Tlhaloso |
| E tloaelehileng | ASTM B673 / ASME SB-673 (phaephe e tjheseditsweng) |
| Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso | ERW, EFW, LSAW |
| Sebaka sa Bophara ba Kantle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 - 1219mm |
| Botenya ba Lebota | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 - 40mm |
| Kemiso ea Kemiso | 5S, 10S, 40S (bakeng sa NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Bolelele ba Nako | E tloaelehileng: 6m; E atolositsoe: 12m, 18m, ho fihlela ho 18m |
| Qetello ea ho Qetela | Qetello e se nang letho (PE), Qetello e Beveled (BE) |
| Qetello ea Bokaholimo | E apeetsoe le e khethiloeng, e benyang e apeetsoeng |
| Mamello | OD: ±0.5% kapa ±3.2mm; Boima: ±12.5% (ka ASTM B775); Bolelele: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Litekanyo le Litlhaloso tse Fumanehang – ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoaneng e Welded (Boholo bo Tloaelehileng bo Khethiloeng)
| NPS | OD (mm) | Kemiso | Boima ba 'mele (mm) | Boima (kg/m2) | Bolelele bo Tloaelehileng | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.00 | 6m | Tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.28 | 6m | Mohala oa liletsa |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 10S | 2.77 | 2.09 | 6m | Fepa ka asiti |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.11 | 6m | Mohala oa asiti ea sulfuriki |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.93 | 6m / 12m | Mohala oa ts'ebetso |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 10S | 3.05 | 6.46 | 6m / 12m | Phetisetso ea asiti |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 10S | 3.05 | 8.37 | 6m / 12m | Asiti ea phosphoric |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 10S | 3.40 | 13.8 | 6m / 12m | Ho pholisa metsi a leoatle |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 10S | 3.76 | 20.0 | 12m | Mohala o bolila oa kantle ho naha |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 10S | 4.19 | 27.8 | 12m | Sehokelo sa FGD |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 10S | 4.57 | 36.0 | 12m | K'hemik'hale e ka sehloohong |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 10S | 4.78 | 47.4 | 12m | Bophara bo boholo |
*Litekanyo tse ikhethileng ka ntle ho mefuta ena lia fumaneha. Liphaephe tse tjheselitsoeng tsa 904L li hloka linako tse telele tsa ho kenya (bonyane matsatsi a 60) ka lebaka la ho fumana strip/plate ka mokhoa o ikhethileng.*
5. Maemo le Mekhahlelo e Tloaelehileng ea Super Austenitic e Hlahisitsoeng ke Womic Steel
| E tloaelehileng | Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe / Alloy | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng | Mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa |
| ASTM B673 | UNS N08904 (904L) | Asiti ea sulfuric/phosphorus, metsi a leoatle | EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| ASTM B674 | UNS N08904 (e se nang seamless) | Liphaephe tsa khatello | - |
| ASTM B677 | UNS N08904 | Phaephe e se nang seamless | - |
| EN 10217-7 | 1.4539 (904L) | Merero ea khatello, e matla haholo | SAW/ERW |
| ASTM A312 | UNS N08367 (AL-6XN), S31254 (254 SMO) | Metsi a leoatle, FGD | EFW/LSAW |
Tšebeliso:Dimela tsa asiti ya sulfuriki, tlhahiso ya asiti ya phosphoric, ditsamaiso tsa FGD, ho phodisa metsi a lewatle (mocheso o phahameng), dikepe tsa dikhemikhale, tshebeletso ya bolila ba lewatleng.
6. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoaneng e Welded (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Ho tjheseletsa ka 904L ho hloka taolo e hlokolosi ya ho kenya mocheso le kalafo ya mocheso kamora ho tjheseletsa ka lebaka la dikahare tse ngata tsa alloy. Koporo le molybdenum di etsa hore alloy e be kotsing ya ho arohana haeba ho phodisa ho lieha haholo.
Mokhoa oa ERW (Ho Welding ka Khahlanong le Motlakase) – Bophara bo Bonyenyane ho isa ho bo Mahareng (6.35–610mm OD):
●Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala (Strip/Coil):Moqomo oa 904L o netefalitsoe bakeng sa motsoako (Ni 23-28%, Cr 19-23%, Mo 4-5%, Cu 1-2%). Khoele ka 'ngoe e na le palo e ikhethang ea mocheso.
●Ho phutholla le ho batalatsa
●Ho Seha Meeli ea Strip
●Ho theha:Ho bopa moqolo o tswelang pele.
●Ho tjheseletsa ka Maqhubu a Phahameng:Ho kenya mocheso o tlase (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) ho qoba karohano ya Cu/Mo. Ho tjheseletsa sepakapakeng se sa sebetseng.
●Ho Hlomamisa Seam:Ho kenya induction ho lateloa ke ho tima metsi.
●Ho lekanya le ho otlolla
●Ho Seha ho fihlela Bolelele
●NDT:Teko ea hona joale ea Eddy (100%) + UT ea boikhethelo.
●Tharollo ea Annealing (Phaephe e Felletseng):1050-1150°C, ho tima metsi. Hoa hlokahala bakeng sa ho qhala mekhahlelo ea bobeli.
●Teko ea Hydrostatic
●Ho Khaola le ho Fetola Maikutlo(asiti e tsoakiloeng e khethehileng bakeng sa motsoako o phahameng)
●Tlhahlobo ea PMI (XRF) le ho tiea ha eona
●Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela le ho Tšoaea
Mokhoa oa EFW (Motlakase oa ho Welding) – Bophara bo Boholo (219–1219mm OD, Boima ba 4.0–40mm):
●Tokisetso ea Poleiti:Poleiti ea 904L, mathoko a betloa (X bevel).
●Ho Etsa Meqolo
●Ho tjheseletsa ka Tack
●TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Setlatsetso se tšoanang (ERNiCrMo-3 kapa ER385), khase e tšehetsang argon.
●Lipase tsa SAW Fill le Cap:Ho kenya mocheso ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm, mocheso wa diphaseje tse pedi ≤ 120°C. Mocheso o ikgethang wa sebabole se tlase.
●Ho tjheseletsa ka Hare
●Teko ea X-ray ea 100% + UT(ho latela ASTM B775)
●Tharollo ea ho Hloekisa:Kalafo e felletseng ea mocheso oa phaephe (1050-1150°C), ho tima metsi.
●Ho Khaola le ho Fetola Maikutlo
●Teko ea Hydrostatic
●Tlhahlobo ea PMI le ea Dimensional
●Ho tšoaea
Ts'ebetso ea LSAW bakeng sa Alloy e Phahameng - Bophara bo Boholo Haholo (406–1219mm OD, Boima ba 6.0–40mm):
● UOE kapa JCOE e entsoeng ka poleiti ea 904L
● Ho tjheseletsa SAW ka mahlakore a mabedi ka taolo e tiileng ya ho kenya mocheso
● Tharollo e felletseng ea ho tjheseletsa ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tsa Taolo bakeng sa ho Welding ea 904L:
● Ho kenya mocheso: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (sepheo ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Mocheso oa li-interpass: ≤ 120°
● Khase e sireletsang: 100% Argon e nang le oksijene e kenang
● Ho kenya tharollo mochesong: 1050-1150°C, ho tima metsi – hoa hlokahala
● Ho seha: Motsoako o khethehileng oa asiti bakeng sa li-alloy tse nang le chromium/nickel e ngata
7. Mekhoa ea Taolo ea Boleng le Liteko bakeng sa Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoarellang ea ASTM B673 UNS N08904 e Welded
| Sethaleng | Mokhoa oa Tlhahlobo | Morero |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale (OES kapa ICP) | Netefatsa N08904 (Ni 23-28%, Cr 19-23%, Mo 4-5%, Cu 1-2%) |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea ho Tenyetseha | Tlhahiso ≥ 220 MPa, Tensile ≥ 490 MPa |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea ho Silafala (ASTM G28) | Ho hanyetsa mafome a di-intergranular (bakeng sa tshebeletso ya asiti) |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Palo ea PREN | Netefatsa hore PREN e ≥ 35 |
| Ts'ebetsong | Tlhokomelo ea ho Kena ha Mocheso | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Ts'ebetsong | Mocheso oa Interpass | ≤ 120°C |
| Ho tjheseletsa (ERW) | Eddy Current (100%) | Botšepehi ba ho weld |
| Ho tjheseletsa (EFW/LSAW) | 100% UT (kapa PAUT) | Lemoha liphoso tsa ho tjheseletsa |
| Ho tjheseletsa (EFW/LSAW) | RT (10-100% ka tlhaloso) | Boleng ba ho weld |
| Ho tjheseletsa | Setlolo sa ho daea (PT) | Mapetso a holim'a metsi |
| Kamora Tharollo ea Annealing | Teko ea ho tiea | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Kamora Tharollo ea Annealing | Sebopeho se senyenyane (ASTM E407) | Ha ho sigma, chi, kapa mekhahlelo ea bobeli |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea Hydrostatic | Botšepehi ba khatello |
| Phaephe e felileng | PMI (XRF) | Netefatsa kereiti (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu) |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea ho Silafala ha Lithapo (ASTM G48) | Netefatsa ho hanyetsa ho koaleha ha sekoti (haeba ho boletsoe) |
| Phaephe e felileng | Pono le Matšoao | Ho sala morao |
Liteko tsa Boikhethelo bakeng sa Tšebeletso ea Bohlokoa:
● ASTM G28 Practice A (ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) bakeng sa ho bola ha di-intergranular
● Teko ea ho kenya likoti tsa ASTM G48 ho FeCl₃ (6% ho 40°C) bakeng sa tšebeletso ea metsi a leoatle
● Teko ea HIC/SSC bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Teko ea koporo ea sulfate bakeng sa ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa asiti
8. Likopo tsa mantlha - ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoarellang e Welded
●Limela tsa asiti ea sulfuric:Ho sebetsana le asiti e matla (90-98% H₂SO₄) mochesong o itekanetseng, ho fokotsa asiti (5-10%) mochesong o phahameng, le liphaephe tsa ho pholisa asiti. E nka sebaka sa 316L le 317L.
●Tlhahiso ea asiti ea phosphoric (ts'ebetso e metsi):Li-evaporator, li-flash cooler, le mela ea phetisetso e sebetsanang le phosphoric acid e nang le li-chloride le fluoride. 904L ke tekanyetso bakeng sa phosphoric acid e sebetsang ka mokhoa o metsi.
●Liphaephe tsa ho ntša metsi tse monyang khase ea flue (FGD):Tlase ho di-absorber moo ho nang le dikhase tse metsi tse nang le chloride e ngata. 904L e sebediswa bakeng sa ho ntsha diphaephe tsa ho ntsha le ho kenya diphaephe moo 317L e sa lekaneng.
●Mekhoa ea ho pholisa metsi a leoatle (mocheso o phahameng):Litsamaiso tsa metsi a pholileng a lebopong moo mocheso oa metsi a leoatle o fetang 40°C. 904L e hanela ho koaheloa ke likoti mochesong moo 316L esita le super duplex li ka 'nang tsa hlōleha.
●Likepe tsa lik'hemik'hale (Mofuta oa II oa IMO):Liphaephe tsa thepa bakeng sa lik'hemik'hale tse matla tse kenyeletsang sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, le li-acid tsa organic. 904L e amohetsoe ke lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa lik'hemik'hale tse romelang thepa.
●Tšebeletso ea ho rekisa lijo tse bolila kantle ho naha:Tlhahiso ea oli le khase e nang le H₂S e phahameng le li-chloride tse phahameng, haholo-holo moo mocheso o leng mahareng empa litlhoko tsa mafome li feta duplex.
●Limela tsa bleach tsa makhasi le pampiri:Tšebeletso ea chlorine dioxide le sodium hypochlorite moo 317L e sa lekaneng.
●Lisebelisoa tsa meriana:Li-reactor le liphaephe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kenyelletsang li-acid tse matla.
●Lisebelisoa tsa ho daea masela:Mechini ea ho daea e sebetsanang le libate tsa dae tse nang le chlorine.
●Ts'ebetso ea lijo:Metsi a nang le chloride e ngata, joala ba pickle, le lihlahisoa tsa lijo tse nang le asiti.
9. Pakete le Thomello - Phaephe ea Pipe ea Tšepe ea JIS A5525 SKK490 SSAW
Sephutheloana:
●Tšireletso khahlanong le ts'enyeho:Sephutheloana sa polasetiki kapa pampiri ea VCI. Ha ho na masalla a oli bakeng sa ts'ebeletso ea lik'hemik'hale.
●Likoahelo tsa ho qetela:Likhaba tsa polasetiki tse boima (tse mebala-bala - hangata li putsoa bakeng sa 904L).
●Ho kopanya (Bophara bo bonyenyane):Phaephe e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e phuthetsoe ka bonngoe, ebe e kopanngoa ka marapo a seng a tšepe.
●Sephutheloana se le seng (Bophara bo boholo):Sekoahelo sa filimi ea polasetiki ka mehele ea foam.
●Likereiti tsa lehongbakeng sa merero ea bohlokoa ea lik'hemik'hale le ea mose ho maoatle.
Ho tsamaisa ka sekepe:
Lijana tsa ≤ 610mm, tse se nang boholo bo lekaneng bakeng sa bophara bo boholo.
Litokomane:MTC 3.1/3.2, tlaleho ea teko ea hydrotest, litlaleho tsa UT/RT, tlaleho ea PMI, tlaleho ea teko ea mafome (haeba e boletsoe), tlaleho ea litekanyo, lethathamo la liphutheloana, COO. Ho latela ka botlalo ho tloha palong ea mocheso ho ea phaepheng e felileng.
10. Melemo le Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa ka Tšepe ea Womic - ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Welded Pipe
Hobaneng o ka sebelisana le Womic Steel bakeng sa Pipe e Welded ea 904L?
● Boholo bo Felletseng: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Ho kenya metsi ka botlalo ka tharollo ka mora ho tjheseletsa (1050-1150°C, ho tima metsi).
● Teko ea mafome ka tlung (ASTM G28, G48) bakeng sa tšebeletso ea asiti le metsi a leoatle.
● PREN ≥ 35 - khanyetso e babatsehang ea likoti.
● Linako tsa tlholisano tsa ho etella pele: Matsatsi a 60-75 bakeng sa ERW, matsatsi a 75-90 bakeng sa EFW/LSAW.
● Setifikeiti sa Lefatše: ISO 9001, PED (CE), EN 10204 Mofuta oa 3.2.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa) - ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Welded Pipe
P: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa 904L le 316L?
A: 904L e na le nickel e phahameng haholo (23-28% khahlano le 10-14%), chromium e phahameng (19-23% khahlano le 16-18%), molybdenum e phahameng (4-5% khahlano le 2-3%), 'me e ekelitse koporo (1-2%). Sena se fa 904L khanyetso e betere haholo ho sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, le ho kenngoa ha li-chloride. PREN ke 35-40 khahlano le 24-26 bakeng sa 316L. 904L e ka ba makhetlo a 3-4 theko ea 316L 'me e sebelisoa moo 316L e hlōlehang.
P: Na 904L e loketse tšebeletso ea metsi a leoatle?
K: E. 904L e na le khanyetso e ntle haholo khahlanong le ho bola ha dikoti le mapetso metsing a lewatle ho fihlela mochesong wa hoo e ka bang 50°C. Bakeng sa dithempereichara tse phahameng kapa maemo a sa sisinyeheng, ho ka hlokahala di-super duplex kapa di-nickel alloys. 904L e atisa ho sebediswa bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa ho phodisa metsi a lewatle moo 316L e hlolehileng.
P: Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa tšebeletso bakeng sa 904L ka asiti ea sulfuric ke ofe?
A: Ka 50-70% H₂SO₄, 904L e ka sebediswa ho fihlela ho 100°C. Ka 90-96% H₂SO₄, fokotsa ho fihla ho 50-60°C. Bakeng sa dithempereichara tse phahameng kapa asiti e matla haholo, ho hlokahala di-alloy tse nang le nickel e ngata (Alloy 20, Alloy 625, Alloy C-276). Kamehla sheba dichate tsa mafome bakeng sa maemo a itseng.
P: Na 904L e hloka ho annealing ka tharollo kamora ho tjheseletsa?
A: E, ho ya ka ASTM B673. 904L e ka theha mekhahlelo ya bobedi (sigma, chi) ho weld HAZ haeba ho phodisa ho lieha. Tharollo e annealing ka 1050-1150°C e latelwa ke water quench e qhala mekhahlelo ena mme e tsosolosa ho hanyetsa mafome. Womic e etsa annealing e felletseng ya tharollo diphaepheng tsohle tse welded tsa 904L. Bakeng sa welding ya tshimo, sebedisa input e tlase ya mocheso mme o nahane ka ho annealing ya tharollo ya kamora weld haeba ho kgoneha.
P: Ke tšepe efe ea ho tlatsa e khothaletsoang bakeng sa 904L?
A: AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) kapa ER385 e kgothaletswa. ERNiCrMo-3 e sebediswa hangata mme e fana ka kganyetso e ntle ya mafome e tsamaellanang le 904L. ER385 ke setlatsetsi se ikgethang sa ho tlamahanya 904L. Womic e sebedisa ERNiCrMo-3 bakeng sa ditshebetso tsa EFW.
P: Na 904L e loketse tšebeletso ea sour (H₂S)?
A: E, 904L e tšoaneleha ho latela NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 bakeng sa tšebeletso ea bolila ka khatello e sa fellang ea H₂S ho fihlela ho 1 bar (15 psi) maemong a itseng a thata. Hangata e sebelisoa masimong a bolila bo itekanetseng moo duplex e sa lekaneng ka lebaka la li-chloride tse ngata.
P: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele bakeng sa phaephe e welded ea 904L ke efe?
A: Matsatsi a 60-75 bakeng sa ERW (bophara bo bonyenyane ho isa ho bo mahareng), matsatsi a 75-90 bakeng sa EFW/LSAW (bophara bo boholo). Nako ea lead e telele ho feta bakeng sa litšepe tse tloaelehileng tse sa ruseng ka lebaka la ho fumana alloy strip/plate e khethehileng (hangata libeke tse 12-16 ho tloha fekthering). Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro e eketsa matsatsi a 7-14.
P: Na 904L e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa metsi tse hloekileng haholo?
K: E, empa hangata e hlalosoa ho feta tekano. Bakeng sa metsi a hloekileng haholo (RO, DI, WFI), 316L e lekane ebile e theko e tlase. 904L e boloketsoe maemo a matla a lik'hemik'hale kapa a nang le chloride e ngata.
Tšupiso ea Morero - Phetolo ea Liphaephe tsa Semela sa Asiti ea Sulfuric Acid ea Europe
Naha:Jeremane (Rhine-Westphalia Leboea, setsi sa lik'hemik'hale)
Maemo le Kereiti:ASTM B673 UNS N08904 (904L) – phaephe e tjheseditsweng
Litekanyo le Bongata:
● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Kemiso ea 10S (3.05mm WIT) – limithara tse 600 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 5) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
● OD 114.3mm (4″) × Kemiso ea 10S (3.05mm WIT) – limithara tse 500 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 6) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Kemiso ea 10S (3.40mm WIT) – limithara tse 300 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 4) – Ts'ebetso ea EFW
● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Kemiso ea 10S (3.76mm WIT) – limithara tse 200 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 4) – Ts'ebetso ea EFW
Kakaretso:Limithara tse 1,600, hoo e ka bang lithane tse 19
Litlhaloso:Tharollo ea ASTM B673 UNS N08904 e koahetsoeng le ho belisoa ka setlolo, e betloa lipheletsong. Teko ea metsi a sa fetoheng ka khatello ea moralo ea 1.5× (moralo oa 1.2 MPa). 100% UT bakeng sa liphaephe tsa EFW, motlakase oa eddy bakeng sa ERW. PMI phaepheng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Teko ea ho bola e tlamang ka ASTM G28 Tloaelo A (ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) – sekhahla sa ho bola < 5 mpy (e fihletsoe 2-3 mpy). Teko ea ho bola ka sekontiri ka ASTM G48 Mokhoa oa A (6% FeCl₃, lihora tse 24 ho 40°C) – ha ho na sekontiri. Teko ea ho bola ka sekontiri ka ASTM A262 Tloaelo E (e fetile). Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro ke TÜV Jeremane.
Kopo:Ho nkeloa sebaka ha liphaephe tsa asiti e pholileng le mela e amanang le eona semeleng sa ho tsosolosa asiti ea sulfuric. Liphaephe li sebetsana le asiti e chesang ea sulfuric (85-93% H₂SO₄) mochesong oa 70-90°C ho tloha toreng ea ho monya ho ea ho asiti e pholileng. Liphaephe tsa pele tsa 316L li ile tsa hlōleha ka mor'a likhoeli tse 18 ka lebaka la mafome le ho koaleha ka kakaretso. 904L e khethiloe ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha eona ho phahameng ho asiti e tiileng ea sulfuric mochesong o phahameng.
Liphephetso tsa Tekheniki le Litharollo:
●Tšilafalo ka har'a asiti e chesang e nang le sulfuric e matla (85-93%, 70-90°C)– 316L e bola ka lebelo le ka holimo ho 50 mpy tlasa maemo ana. 904L e nang le nickel, chromium, molybdenum le koporo e phahameng e fana ka sekhahla sa ho bola < 5 mpy. Womic e entse teko ea ASTM G28 Practice A hodima disampole tsa tšepe ea motheo le weld. Litefiso tsa ho bola: tšepe ea motheo 2.1 mpy, weld 2.8 mpy – ka tlase ho moeli oa 5 mpy. Moreki o amohetsoe.
●Ho hanyetsa ts'enyeho ea tšepe ka weld– Weld ke sebaka se kotsing ka ho fetisisa. Womic e sebelisitse mocheso o tlase (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) le ERNiCrMo-3 filler. Disampole tsa weld li fetile teko ea G28 ka sekhahla sa mafome sa 2.8-3.2 mpy. Sebopeho sa microstructure ha sea ka sa bontša pula ea mohato oa bobeli.
●Ho hanyetsa ho phunya ka mocheso o phahameng– Asiti e na le di-chloride tse nyane (tse tswang mohloding wa metsi). PREN 35-40 ya 904L e fana ka kganyetso ya ho kenngwa ha dikoti. Womic e entse teko ya ho kenngwa ha dikoti tsa G48 ho 40°C (e matla ho feta mocheso wa tshebeletso 70°C? Ha e le hantle mocheso wa teko 40°C o tlase, empa FeCl₃ e matla). Sephetho: ha ho kenngwa dikoti kamora dihora tse 72.
●Ho bola ha di-intergranular kamora ho tjheseletsa– 904L e na le khabone e tlase (≤ 0.020%), empa ho ntse ho hlokahala ho kenya tharollo. Womic e entse ho kenya tharollo ka botlalo mochesong oa 1100°C, ho tima metsi. Teko ea ASTM A262 Practice E e fetisitsoe.
●Mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa masimong– Sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea lifeme se ne se hloka WPS e tšoanelehang bakeng sa litokiso. Womic e fane ka li-coupon tse 15 tsa weld tse nang le WPS ho sebelisoa GTAW, ERNiCrMo-3 filler, preheat 10-20°C, interpass ≤ 120°C, heat input ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm. Li-coupon li fetile tlhahlobo ea RT, PT, le G28.
●Thepa ea thepa ho ea fekthering ea lik'hemik'hale ea Jeremane– Liphaephe li rometsoe ho tloha Shanghai ho ea koung ea Hamburg, ebe li isoa sebakeng seo ka literaka. TÜV Jeremane e hlahlobile liphaephe Hamburg. Lithane tsohle tse 19 li ile tsa tlisoa nakong ea libeke tse 10. Sephutheloana sa litokomane (MTC 3.2, litlaleho tsa liteko) li ile tsa tlisoa ka mokhoa oa elektroniki.
Sephetho:Ho kentsoe liphaephe tse ncha tsa 904L nakong ea phetoho ea kotara ea boraro ea 2024. Kamora likhoeli tse 12 tsa ts'ebetso, tlhahlobo ha ea ka ea bontša ho senyeha ho ka lekanngoang, ho se na masoba, le ho se lutle. Moreki o lebeletse bophelo ba tšebeletso ba lilemo tse 15+ (ha ho bapisoa le lilemo tse 1.5 bakeng sa 316L). Womic Steel joale ke mofani ea tšoanelehang bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšebeletso ea sulfuric acid ea semela sena sa lik'hemik'hale.
Ikopanye le rona:
Webosaete: www.womicsteel.com
Imeile: sales@womicsteel.com
Mohala / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Tšepe ea Womic – Molekane oa hau ea tšepahalang bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa hloekang tse lahleloang ka ASTM B673 UNS N08904 bakeng sa limela tsa sulfuric le phosphoric acid, litsamaiso tsa FGD, ho pholisa metsi a leoatle, le tšebeletso ea lik'hemik'hale tse matla lefatšeng ka bophara.
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