1. Tšepe ea Womic: Bokhoni ba Tlhahiso le Matla a Khamphani
Womic Steel Group e sebetsa mela e mengata ea tlhahiso ea LSAW e akaretsang mekhoa e meraro ea mantlha ea ho etsa hammoho le bokhoni bo khethehileng ba mabota a boima:
● Mohala oa JCOE:Bakeng sa bophara ba 406mm – 1,422mm (16″–56″), botenya ba lebota bo fihlang ho 50.8mm. JCO e bopjwang mohato ka mohato ka katoloso ya mechini. Bokgoni bo phahameng, ho teteana ho hotle. E loketse haholo bakeng sa ditshebediso tse ngata tsa mela ya kutu ya lewatleng.
●Mola oa UOE:Bakeng sa bophara ba 508mm – 1,220mm (20″–48″), botenya ba lebota bo fihlang ho 40mm. Ho etsa U ebe ho etsa O ka katoloso ea haeteroliki. Ho nepahala ho hoholo ka tekanyo (± 0.2% OD), ho kgethwa bakeng sa liphaephe tsa metsi a tebileng le tšebeletso e bolila.
●Poleiti e Menoang (Seam e le 'Ngoe):Bakeng sa bophara ba 600mm – 1,600mm (24″–63″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 25mm ho isa ho 70mm. Poleiti e le 'ngoe e phuthoa ka har'a silindara e nang le weld e le 'ngoe e telele. E loketse botenya ba lebota bo boima bo fetang bokhoni ba JCOE/UOE.
●Poleiti e Menoang (Seam e Habeli):Bakeng sa botenya ba lebota > 50.8mm ho fihlela ho 80mm, ho sebediswa dipoleiti tse pedi tse tjheselleditsweng ka bolelele. Hangata di sebediswa bakeng sa diphaephe tse nang le kgatello e phahameng le ditshebediso tsa arctic tse hlokang ho tiya haholo.
Bokgoni bohle ba LSAW bo feta ditone tse 300,000 ka selemo, ka tlhahiso e inehetseng ya X52 e fetang ditone tse 120,000 ka selemo. Womic Steel e na le API 5L Monogram (Laesense #API-5L-XXXX), ISO 9001, CE PED, mme e hlahlojwa kgafetsa ke ABS, DNV, TÜV, le BV. Rekoto ya lefatshe ka bophara dinaheng tse fetang 80 ka diphaephe tsa X52 tse fetang dikhilomithara tse 3,000 tse fanweng.
Ho tenyetseha ha Tlhahiso:
●JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm Boima × ≤ 18m
●UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm Boima × ≤ 24m (katoloso ea mechini e ntlafatsa ho chitja)
●Poleiti e phutholohileng (sehokelo se le seng): 600–1,600mm OD × 25–70mm Boima × ≤ 12m (moeli oa boima ho fihlela ho lithane tse 25 ka lenonyello)
●Poleiti e phutholohileng (sehokelo se habeli): 1,000–2,000mm OD × 25–80mm Boima × ≤ 12m
Liphaephe tsohle li ka fanoa ka PWHT (kalafo ea mocheso ea kamora ho weld) bakeng sa tšebeletso ea lebota le teteaneng kapa bolila. Teko ea tšusumetso ea mocheso o tlase e fumaneha ho fihlela ho -60°C bakeng sa merero ea arctic.
2. API 5L X52: Sebopeho sa thepa le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso
API 5L X52 ke e 'ngoe ea liphaephe tsa mohala tse hlalositsoeng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa phetiso ea oli le khase ea khatello e mahareng ho isa ho e phahameng lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka matla a fokolang a tlhahiso ea 360 MPa (52,200 psi) le matla a ho thaepa a 460 MPa (66,700 psi), X52 e fana ka matla a ka bang 47% ho feta GR.B, e nolofalletsang phokotso ea botenya ba lebota ea 25-30% bakeng sa tekanyo e tšoanang ea khatello. Tlhaloso ea "X" e bontša phaephe ea mohala e matla haholo, 'me "52" e emela matla a fokolang a tlhahiso ea ksi.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (Tlhahlobo ea Lesela, % e phahameng ka boima):
| Karolo | API 5L X52 PSL1 (max %) | API 5L X52 PSL2 (max %) |
| C | 0.24 | 0.22 |
| Mn | 1.40 | 1.40 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.025 |
| S | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Si | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| V | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Nb | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Ti | 0.04 | 0.04 |
PSL2 e hloka tekanyo ea khabone (CEV) ≤ 0.43% bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa ho ntlafetseng maemong a tšimo. Microalloying ka Nb, V, Ti e fana ka ntlafatso ea lijo-thollo le ho matlafatsa pula.
Thepa ea Mekaniki (Mocheso oa Kamore):
| Thepa | API 5L X52 PSL1 | API 5L X52 PSL2 |
| Matla a Tekanyo (metsotso) | 360 MPa (52,200 psi) | 360–530 MPa |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso) | 460 MPa (66,700 psi) | 460–760 MPa |
| Ho lelefatsa (metsotso) | 21% (bakeng sa gauge ea 50mm) | 21% |
| Bothata (boholo) | Ha ea hlalosoa | 90 HRB |
| Matla a Tšusumetso (metsotso) | Ha ho hlokahale | 27 J @ 0°C (boikhethelo -20°C, -40°C, -60°C) |
Papiso le GR.B le X65:
| Sehlopha | Tekanyo ea MPa | MPa e tenyetsehang | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| GR.B | 245 | 415 | Kabo e tloaelehileng ea metsi/khase |
| X52 | 360 | 460 | Methapo ea likutu e nang le khatello e phahameng, lebōpong/lebopong la leoatle |
| X65 | 450 | 535 | Khatello e phahameng haholo, metsi a tebileng, a arctic |
3. Ho Latela Maemo le Litekanyetso tsa Tekanyo
| Ntho | Tlhaloso |
| E tloaelehileng | API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 (hape ISO 3183 L360) |
| Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso | JCOE, UOE, poleiti e phutholohileng (sehokelo se le seng/se habeli) |
| Sebaka sa Bophara ba Kantle | 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″) |
| Botenya ba Lebota | JCOE/UOE: 5.0mm – 50.8mm; Poleiti e phutholohileng: 25mm – 70mm (ho fihlela ho 80mm ka mokhoa o ikhethileng) |
| Bolelele ba Nako | E tloaelehileng: 6m, 12m, 18m; E atolositsoeng: ho fihlela ho 24m (JCOE/UOE) kapa 12m (lebota le boima la poleiti e phutholohileng) |
| Qetello ea ho Qetela | Qetello e se nang letho (PE), Qetello e Beveled (BE) ka API 5L (30° bevel, 1.6mm root face e tloaelehileng) |
| Qetello ea Bokaholimo | E hlobotse, e tlotsitsoe ka oli, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE, Epoxy ea mashala, Epoxy ea metsi |
| Mamello | OD: ±0.5% kapa ±3.2mm (ho sa tsotelehe hore na e ka tlase ho eng); Boima: -0% / +15%; Bolelele: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Litekanyo le Litlhaloso tse Fumanehang – Pipe ea Tšepe ea API 5L X52 LSAW (Boholo bo Tloaelehileng bo Khethiloeng)
| OD (mm) | Dikgetho tsa WT (mm) | Tshebetso | Boima bo ka bang teng (kg/m2) | Bolelele bo Tloaelehileng | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| 273 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5 | JCOE | 42.1 – 80.1 | 12m | Kabo ea khase |
| 324 | 6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0 | JCOE | 50.2 – 107.1 | 12m / 18m | Pokello ea khase |
| 406 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0 | JCOE/UOE | 78.5 – 153.9 | 12m / 18m | Mehala ea oli e tala |
| 508 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0 | UOE | 98.6 – 229.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Methapo ea lithōle tsa khase |
| 610 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0 | UOE | 148.0 – 319.1 | 12m / 18m / 24m | Khase e nang le khatello e phahameng |
| 711 | 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4 | JCOE/UOE | 172.9 – 429.4 | 12m / 18m | Methapo ea likutu tsa oli |
| 813 | 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0 | JCOE | 246.7 – 579.8 | 12m / 18m | Khase e tšelang naha |
| 914 | 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0 | JCOE | 310.8 – 759.2 | 12m / 18m | Methapo e meholo ea kutu |
| 1,016 | 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0 | JCOE/E phutholohileng | 394.6 – 963.9 | 12m | Khase e nang le molumo o phahameng |
| 1,220 | 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0 | E phutholohile (e le 'ngoe) | 563.0 – 1,304.2 | 12m | Liphaephe tsa leoatleng |
| 1,422 | 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0 | E phutholohile (e le 'ngoe) | 875.1 – 1,692.5 | 12m | Li-riser tsa metsi a tebileng |
| 1,600 | 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0 | E phutholohile (e habeli) | 1,162 – 2,640 | 10m / 12m | Arctic/khatello e phahameng |
*Liphaephe tse boima tsa lebota (≥ 32mm) li hloka PWHT ho fokotsa khatello e setseng le ho fihlela meeli ea ho thatafala bakeng sa ts'ebeletso e bolila. Lebota le teteaneng la X52 le atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ente ea metsi e nang le khatello e phahameng ho 25-35 MPa.*
5. Maemo a Tloaelehileng le Mekhahlelo – Phaephe ea Mohala ea LSAW le Phaephe ea Sebopeho
| E tloaelehileng | Likereiti tsa Tšepe | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng | Mokhoa oa ho Theha |
| API 5L PSL1/PSL2 | X52, X60, X65, X70 | Phetiso ea oli/khase | JCOE/UOE/E phutholohileng |
| API 5L PSL2 (e bolila) | X52, X65 | Tšebeletso e bolila (H₂S) | UOE + PWHT |
| ASTM A53 | GR.B | Liphaephe tse nang le khatello e tlase | JCOE |
| ASTM A106 | GR.B/C | Mocheso o phahameng | JCOE/E phutholohileng |
| EN 10217-1 | S235JR, S275JR | Liphaephe tsa khatello | JCOE |
| EN 10219 | S355JRH, S355J2H | Likarolo tsa sebopeho | JCOE/E phutholohileng |
| DNV-OS-F101 | L360 (X52) | Liphaephe tsa ka tlas'a leoatle | UOE |
| BS 7191 | L360 (X52) | Meaho ea kantle ho naha | UOE/E phutholohile |
| NORSOK M-120 | X52 | Liphaephe tsa sethala sa kantle ho naha | UOE |
Kakaretso ea tšebeliso:Mehala ea oli/khase e tsamaeang sebaka se selelele, phetiso ea khase e nang le khatello e phahameng, liphaephe tsa leoatleng, tšebeletso ea bolila, ente ea metsi, liphaephe tsa arctic, liphaephe tsa seteishene sa compressor, liqubu tsa sebopeho bakeng sa liforomo tsa leoatleng.
6. Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso – LSAW (JCOE / UOE / Poleiti e Menoang) bakeng sa Phaephe ea Tšepe ea X52
Womic Steel e khetha mokhoa o loketseng ho latela bophara, botenya ba lebota, le litlhoko tsa thepa ea mechini. Mekhoa eohle e kenyelletsa taolo e thata ea ho kenya mocheso ho boloka thepa ea X52 e nang le alloy e nyane.
Ts'ebetso ea JCOE (406–1,422mm OD, Boima ba 6.0–50.8mm):
● Ho sila ka bohale ba poleiti (X kapa J bevel) ka ho nepahala ± 0.5mm
● Ho kobeha pele ho nako (ho kobeha) ha mathoko ho fihlela ho radius ea botenya ba poleiti ea 1.5x
● Ho theha sebopeho sa J (ho tobetsa ka ho phunya) – karolo ea pele ea 1/3 ea selikalikoe
● Ho bopa sebopeho sa C (letoto la die) – karolo ea bobeli ea 1/3 ea selikalikoe
● Ho bopa sebopeho sa O (silindara ea ho qetela) – ho koala moroko
● Ho tjheseletsa lithapo (ho tjheseletsa lithapo ka 300mm ka 'ngoe ho latela moalo)
● SAW ea ka Hare (e nang le terata e le 'ngoe kapa e mengata, mocheso o laoloang ho ≤ 3.5 kJ/mm)
● Ho thiba mokokotlo (moea o silang kapa ho o thiba) bakeng sa ho kenella ka botlalo
● SAW ea Kantle (maemo a mangata a ho fetisa mabota a teteaneng, ho hlahlojoa mocheso o kenang)
● Katoloso ea mechine (keketseho ea OD ea 1–1.5%, e ntlafatsa ho potoloha ho fihlela ho ± 0.3%)
● E loketse boholo ba lits'ebetso tsa terata ea trunk lebōpong la leoatle
Ts'ebetso ea UOE (508–1,220mm OD, Boima ba 6.0–40mm):
● Ho tobetsa ka U ho etsa poleiti hore e be sebopeho sa U (matla a lithane tse 2000-4000)
● O-press e koala sebopeho sa cylindrical (matla a lithane tse 3000-6000)
● Katoloso (ea mechine) ho isa bophara ba ho qetela le ho chitja (likarolo tse 48-72 tse ntseng li hola)
● Ho tjheseletsa ho ts'oanang le JCOE empa ho na le phallo e phahameng (phaephe e le 'ngoe ka metsotso e 3-4)
● E kgethwa bakeng sa liphaephe tsa metsi a tebileng le tšebeletso e bolila ka lebaka la ho chitja ho phahameng (± 0.2% OD) le khatello e tlase e setseng.
● Ho otloloha ho tlase ho netefatsa ho kenngoa ha sethibelo sa buckle se tšepahalang
Poleiti e Menoang (Seam se le Seng) bakeng sa Lebota le Boima (600–1,600mm OD, Boima ba 25–70mm):
● Poleiti e le 'ngoe ea tšepe e phuthoa ka har'a silindara ho sebelisoa mochini o kobehang oa lirolo tse 4
● Ho phutholla mohato ka mohato: ho phutholla pele, ho phutholla ka mokhoa o sa tobang, ho phutholla ho qeta (hangata ho feta 15-20)
● Sehokelo sa longitudinal se tjheselletswa ka SAW (bonyane dipase tse 3: motso, tlatsa, sekwahelo)
● Ha ho katoloso ea mechine (ho potoloha ho fihlelleha ka ho nepahala ha ho phutholoha, ho tloaelehileng ± 0.5%)
● E loketse liphaephe tse teteaneng tsa lebota moo lisebelisoa tsa JCOE/UOE li lekanyelitsoeng
● E hloka PWHT (ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo) bakeng sa botenya ba lebota > 32mm ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ho thatafala
Poleiti e Menoang (Seam e Habeli) bakeng sa Lebota le Boima Haholo / Bophara bo Boholo Haholo (1,000–2,000mm OD, Boima ba 25–80mm):
● Lipoleiti tse peli li phuthoa ka halofo ea lisilindara 'me li kopanngoa ka har'a lithupa tse peli tse telele
● Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa liphaephe tse nang le khatello e phahameng, li-penstock le liphaephe tsa arctic
● Li-weld tsohle li hlahlobiloe ka 100% UT le RT
● PWHT e tlamang bakeng sa lithupa tse peli tse telele
Kalafo ea Mocheso Kamora ho Welded (PWHT):Bakeng sa botenya ba lebota > 32mm kapa bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila (H₂S), Womic e fana ka kalafo e fokotsang khatello ea maikutlo ka ontong e ka tlase ho koloi (e bolelele ba limithara tse 12) kapa sebakeng seo ho sebelisoa ho futhumatsa ha induction bakeng sa liphaephe tse telele. Mocheso oa ho kolobisa 580-620°C ka hora e le 'ngoe ka botenya ba 25mm. Ho thatafala kamora PWHT ho laoloa ho ≤ 90 HRB (kapa ≤ 248 HV10). Bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila, sepheo se tloaelehileng ke ≤ 85 HRB bakeng sa moeli o eketsehileng oa polokeho.
Bokhoni ba Mocheso o Tlase:Bakeng sa merero ea arctic, Womic e ka fana ka X52 ka teko ea tšusumetso ea Charpy ho -46°C (metsotso ea 27J, 80-120J e tloaelehileng) le DWTT (Teko ea ho lahla boima ba 'mele) ka sebaka sa ho shear ≥ 85% ho -20°C.
7. Mekhoa ea Taolo ea Boleng le Liteko bakeng sa Pipe ea Tšepe ea API 5L X52 LSAW
| Sethaleng | Mokhoa oa Tlhahlobo | Morero | Mokhoa o Sebetsang |
| Poleiti | Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale (OES) | Netefatsa meeli ea sebopeho sa X52 | Kaofela |
| Poleiti | Ultrasonic (Tlhahlobo ea Lamination) | Lemoha mefokolo ea ka hare | Kaofela |
| Poleiti | Ho tenyetseha / ho kobeha | Netefatso ea mechini | Kaofela |
| Poleiti | Tekanyo ea boholo ba lijo-thollo (ASTM E112) | Netefatsa sebopeho se entsoeng ka microalloy | X52 PSL2 |
| Nakong ea ho theha | Tekanyo (bophara, ovality) | Netefatsa hore ho tšoana | Kaofela |
| Sehokelo sa ho weld | UT e Iketsang ka Bo eona ea 100% (kapa PAUT e nang le TOFD) | Lemoha khaello ea ho kopana, slag, le porosity | Kaofela |
| Sehokelo sa ho weld | RT (sebaka sa 10-100% ho latela litlhaloso) | Netefatso ea boleng ba ho weld | Kaofela |
| Sehokelo sa ho weld | MPI (menoana ea maoto le HAZ) | Mapetso a holim'a metsi | Kaofela |
| Sehokelo sa ho weld | Tsela ea ho thatafala (ho tjheseletsa, HAZ, BM) | Netefatso ea tšebeletso ea boea | PSL2 / bolila |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea Hydrostatic (ka API 5L) | Botšepehi ba khatello (85-100% SMYS) | Kaofela |
| Phaephe e felileng | Charpy V-Notch (PSL2) | Ho tiea ha mocheso o tlase | PSL2 feela |
| Phaephe e felileng | Bothata (HRB/HV10) – lintlha tse 3 | Ho latela melao ea litšebeletso tse mpe | PSL2 / bolila |
| Phaephe e felileng | Kobeho e Tataisitsoeng / Ho Batalatsa | Bokgoni ba ho sebetsa | Kaofela |
| Phaephe e felileng | Pono le ho tšoaea | Boemo ba bokaholimo, ho latelwa ha bona | Kaofela |
| Phaephe e felileng | DWTT (ha ho hlokahale) | Taolo ea ho ata ha ho robeha | Arctic/bolila |
Khetho bakeng sa tšebeletso ea bohlokoa:
● HIC ka NACE TM0284 (Tharollo A kapa B, 96h) – bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila
● SSC ho latela NACE TM0177 (Mokhoa A, 720h) – bakeng sa tikoloho ea H₂S
● Tšusumetso e tlase mochesong ho -20°C, -40°C, -46°C, kapa -60°C
● DWTT ho -20°C kapa tlase bakeng sa moralo oa ho emisa ho robeha ha lehare
● 'Mapa o felletseng oa ho thatafala ha karolo e tšekaletseng (setsi sa ho weld, HAZ, tšepe ea motheo)
● Mokoloko oa phetoho oa CVN (Charpy) ho tloha ho -60°C ho ea ho +20°C
Teko ea CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) bakeng sa libaka tse nyolohang lebōpong la leoatle
8. Likopo tsa mantlha - Pipe ea tšepe ea API 5L X52 LSAW
●Mehala ea likutu tsa oli tse hole– Ho tsamaisa oli e tala ho tloha masimong ho ea libakeng tsa ho hloekisa (khatello e fihlang ho 10 MPa)
●Phetiso ea khase ea tlhaho e nang le khatello e phahameng– Methapo ea lithōle tsa khase tse tšelang naha (khatello e fihlang ho 12 MPa)
● Liphaephe tsa leoatleng– Mela ya ho phalla ha metsi a ka tlase ho lewatle le mela ya ho romela thepa kantle ho naha (tshebetso ya UOE e kgethwa bakeng sa ho ba chitja)
● Liphaephe tsa tšebeletso e bolila– Oli le khase tse nang le H₂S (PSL2 e nang le teko ea HIC/SSC, ho sebelisoa PWHT)
● Methapo ea ho kenya metsi– Ho hlaphoheloa ha oli ho ntlafalitsoe, khatello e fihlang ho 35 MPa (poleiti e boima e phutholohileng leboteng)
● Liphaephe tsa Arctic– Libaka tse nang le serame se sa feleng tse nang le litlhoko tsa mocheso o tlase ho fihlela ho -46°C
● Liphaephe tsa kompresetara le seteishene sa pompo– Liphaephe tsa seteishene tse nang le khatello e phahameng tse nang le lipheletso tse otlolohileng
● Li-risers tsa sethala tsa leoatleng– Li-risers tse matla tse hlokang tlhahlobo ea CTOD le moralo oa mokhathala
● Ho bokella meaho bakeng sa liforomo tsa leoatleng– Liqhomane tsa motheo tse boima ka metsing a tebileng
● Li-penstock bakeng sa lifeme tsa motlakase oa metsi– Lebota le boima, bophara bo boholo, phetisetso ea metsi ka khatello e phahameng
9. Pakete le Thomello – Pipe ea Tšepe ea API 5L X52 LSAW
Sephutheloana:
● Bophara bo bonyenyane (≤ 24″): Liphutheloana tse nang le mahlakore a tšeletseng, tse tlamiloeng ka tšepe tse sireletsang ka mahlakore (lithapo tse 3-5 ka sephutheloana)
● Bophara bo boholo (> 24″): Liphaephe tse arohaneng, tse arotsoeng ka dunnage ea lehong le li-rabara (bonyane lintlha tse 2 tsa dunnage ka phaephe)
● Likoahelo tsa ho qetela: Likoahelo tsa polasetiki kapa tsa tšepe tse boima (lipheletso tse betliloeng li sirelelitsoe khahlanong le ho thula le lithōle)
● Tšireletso ea ho koahela: Bakeng sa liphaephe tse koahetsoeng ka 3LPE/FBE, masale a foam kapa maqephe a rabara pakeng tsa mealo ho thibela ho khohlana nakong ea motsamao oa sejana
● Litšireletso tsa khoele (haeba lipheletso tse nang le khoele li boletsoe): Litšireletso tsa khoele tsa polasetiki kapa tsa tšepe
Mekhoa ea ho romella:
● Mekepe e qhaqhoang ka bongata bakeng sa lithane tse ka bang 500 kapa bophara bo boholo (ho jara ka kotloloho ho tloha fekthering ho ea sekepeng)
● Lijana tsa 20ft/40ft bakeng sa bophara bo bonyenyane (tse phuthetsoeng, boholo ba lithane tse 25 ka setshelo)
● Liraka tse bataletseng kapa lijana tse bulehileng bakeng sa bolelele bo bolelele (ho fihlela ho 24m)
● Lijari tse ngata tse nang le phaephe e khethehileng ea ho boloka (ho sebelisoa dunnage le ho roala)
● Thepa ea terene bakeng sa libaka tse koetsoeng (ho tloha likoung tsa Tianjin kapa Shanghai ho ea Inner Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia)
Litokomane li kenyelelitsoe thomellong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe:
● Setifikeiti sa Teko ea Mill (EN 10204 Mofuta oa 3.1 kapa 3.2 ha o kopuoa)
● Tlaleho ea Teko ea Hydrostatic (ka khatello, nako le lintlha tsa katoloso)
● Tlaleho ea Teko ea Ultrasonic (ho tjheseletsa le 'mele ka 100%, ho kenyeletsoa le sebaka sa sekoli haeba se le teng)
● Tlaleho ea Teko ea X-ray (haeba e hlalositsoe, ka filimi kapa litšoantšo tsa dijithale)
● Tlaleho ea Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyo (OD, WT, bolelele, ovality, ho otloloha)
● Setifikeiti sa ho koahela (haeba se koahetsoe: botenya, ho khomarela, teko ea matsatsi a phomolo)
● Tlaleho ea Boitsebiso bo Nepahetseng ba Thepa (PMI)
● Lethathamo la ho Paka (le nang le linomoro tsa sephutheloana/liphaephe le boima)
● Lethathamo la Invoice ea Khoebo le la ho Paka
● Setifikeiti sa Tšimoloho (hangata Chaena, empa e ka fana ka COO foromo E, foromo F, jj.)
● Bili ea ho Laela (mojaro oa sekepe) kapa Bili ea Tsela ea Moea (mojaro oa moea bakeng sa lisampole tse potlakileng)
10. Melemo le Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa ka Tšepe ea Womic - Pipe ea Tšepe ea API 5L X52 LSAW
Hobaneng Womic Steel e le ea X52 LSAW?
● Mekhoa e meraro e tlatsanang (JCOE, UOE, poleiti e phutholohileng) e koahelang bophara ba 219–1,600mm
● Bokhoni bo teteaneng ba lebota bo fihlang ho 70mm (seam se le seng) kapa 80mm (seam se habeli) bakeng sa ente e nang le khatello e phahameng le lits'ebetso tsa arctic
● Bokgoni ba sebōpi sa PWHT: bolelele ba 12m × bophara ba 3m, hammoho le ho futhumatsa ha induction bakeng sa liphaephe tse telele
● Teko ea tšusumetso ea mocheso o tlase e theohela ho -60°C (sehlopha sa arctic X52)
● Tšebeletso e bolila e netefalitsoeng ka tlhahlobo ea HIC/SSC (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Tlhahlobo ea API 5L Monogram + CE + ea motho oa boraro (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, LR)
● Phetoho e potlakileng: Matsatsi a 30-45 bakeng sa X52 PSL1 e tloaelehileng, matsatsi a 45-60 bakeng sa tšebeletso ea PSL2 e sour
● Bolelele bo bolelele ho fihlela ho 24m bo fokotsa ho welds ha sebaka sa ho tjheseletsa ka 30-40% (e tloaelehileng ke 12m khahlano le 18m khahlano le 24m)
● Ho latela ka botlalo ho tloha nomorong ea mocheso oa poleiti ho ea phaepheng e felileng (nomoro ea mocheso e hatisitsoe phaepheng ka 'ngoe)
● Liphaephe tsa X52 tse fetang 3,000 km li fanoe lefatšeng ka bophara 'me ha ho na ho hloleha ho hang ha li ntse li sebetsa.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa:
P: Phapang e kgolo ke efe pakeng tsa X52 PSL1 le PSL2 bakeng sa phaephe ya LSAW?
A: PSL2 e na le meeli e thata ea metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale (C, P, S e tlase), ho tiea ha tšusumetso ea Charpy ho tlamang (bonyane ba 27J @ 0°C kapa ka tlase), meeli e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho tiea (90 HRB), 'me e hloka NDT e matla haholoanyane (100% UT khahlanong le spot UT bakeng sa PSL1). Bakeng sa liphaephe tsa khase tse nang le khatello e phahameng, tse lebōpong la leoatle, kapa tse bolila, PSL2 ea tlamang. Bakeng sa mela ea metsi kapa oli e nang le khatello e tlase, PSL1 ea amoheleha ebile e theko e tlaase.
P: Na o ka fana ka X52 ka teko ya tshusumetso ya mocheso o tlase bakeng sa diporojeke tsa arctic?
K: E. Re fana ka X52 PSL2 ka teko ea tšusumetso ea Charpy ho -46°C (bonyane 27J) le DWTT ho -20°C (bonyane 85% sebaka sa ho shear). Re fane ka sehlopha sa arctic X52 ho merero ea Canada le Russia. Ka kopo hlalosa mocheso le matla a hlokahalang a teko ha u botsa.
P: Botenya ba lebota bo boholo boo u ka bo hlahisang bakeng sa X52 LSAW ke bofe?
A: Ts'ebetso ea JCOE e kaholimo ho 50.8mm, ts'ebetso ea UOE e kaholimo ho 40mm, seam e le 'ngoe ea poleiti e phutholohileng e fihlang ho 70mm, seam e habeli ea poleiti e phutholohileng e fihlang ho 80mm. Bakeng sa botenya ba lebota bo fetang 50.8mm, PWHT ea hlokahala. Haufinyane re fane ka X52 1,600mm OD × 70mm WT bakeng sa projeke ea ho kenya metsi ka khatello e phahameng Oman.
P: U laola ho thatafala ha tšebeletso ea sour ea X52 joang?
A: Re laola metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale (CEV ≤ 0.40% bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila, e ka tlase ho 0.43%), re laola ho kenngoa ha mocheso nakong ea ho tjheseletsa SAW (≤ 3.0 kJ/mm), 'me re sebelisa PWHT bakeng sa botenya ba lebota ≥ 20mm. Boima ka mor'a PWHT hangata ke 78-85 HRB bakeng sa tšepe ea motheo le 82-88 HRB bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa. Re fana ka litokomane tse felletseng tsa ho tsamaea ka thata.
P: Na le fana ka tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro bakeng sa liphaephe tsa X52 LSAW?
K: E. Re sebetsa le SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, le LR. Tlhahlobo e ka etsoa fekthering ea rona nakong ea tlhahiso, e bonoang ke moemeli oa moreki kapa mokhatlo oa motho oa boraro. Re fana ka litifikeiti tsa EN 10204 Type 3.2 ha li kopuoa.
P: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele phaephe ea X52 LSAW ke efe?
A: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele: Matsatsi a 30-45 bakeng sa PSL1, matsatsi a 45-60 bakeng sa PSL2 ka tlhahlobo ea tšebeletso e bolila. Liodara tse potlakileng (matsatsi a 20-30) lia khoneha bakeng sa bongata bo bonyenyane (
P: Na o ka fana ka X52 ka pente ea 3LPE le pente ea boima ba konkreite bakeng sa lipeipi tsa leoatleng?
K: E. Re fana ka pente ea 3LPE ho latela ISO 21809 (botebo bohle ba 2.5-3.5mm) 'me re ka hokahanya pente ea boima ba konkreite (botenya ba 40-120mm, bongata ba 2,400-3,050 kg/m³) lebaleng la rona la pente ea balekane le Tianjin. Re fane ka X52 e koahetsoeng lebōpong la leoatle ho Vietnam, Indonesia le merero ea Bochabela bo Hare.
Tšupiso ea Morero - Phaephe ea ho Romela Oli e sa Hloekisoang ea Afrika Bochabela
Naha:Uganda / Tanzania (Phaephe ea Oli e sa Hloekisoang ea Afrika Bochabela - EACOP)
Maemo le Kereiti:API 5L X52 PSL2 (tšebeletso e bolila, ka tlhahlobo ea HIC le SSC)
Litekanyo le Bongata:
● OD 610mm (24″) × Boima 12.7mm – limithara tse 48,000 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 7,200) e entsoeng ka mokhoa oa UOE
● OD 610mm (24″) × Boima 15.9mm – limithara tse 12,000 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 2,400) e entsoeng ka mokhoa oa UOE (lebota le teteaneng bakeng sa ho tšela linoka)
● OD 914mm (36″) × Boima 19.0mm – limithara tse 8,500 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 3,400) e entsoeng ke ts'ebetso ea JCOE bakeng sa mela e fetang seteisheneng sa pompo
Kakaretso:Limithara tse 68,500 (68.5 km), hoo e ka bang lithane tse 13,000
Litlhaloso:Seaparo sa kantle sa 3LPE (botebo bohle ba 3.0mm) ho ya ka ISO 21809, dipheletso tse betlilweng 30° / 1.6mm motso o ka pele, teko ya hydro ho 11.5 MPa (kgatello ya moralo 8.5 MPa). Tshusumetso ya Charpy e tlamang ho 0°C (bonyane 27J, e fihlelletswe 85-120J). HIC ho ya ka NACE TM0284 Tharollo A, 96h – kamohelo: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5%. SSC ho ya ka NACE TM0177 Mokhoa A, 720h – ha ho a dumellwa ho petsoha. PWHT e sebediseditswe diphaephe tsohle tse nang le WT ≥ 15.9mm.
Kopo:Phaephe ea ho romela oli e tala kantle ho naha ho tloha Uganda e koaletsoeng ke naha (sebakeng sa Hoima) ho ea koung ea Tanzania ea Tanga Leoatleng la Indian. Bolelele bohle ba phaephe ke 1,443 km. Womic Steel e fane ka 68.5 km ea kakaretso, ho kenyeletsoa likarolo tse fetang libakeng tse bonolo tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha le libaka tse kholo tsa ho tšela linoka.
Liphephetso tsa Tekheniki le Litharollo:
● Ho latela melao e fosahetseng ea tšebeletso bakeng sa oli e tala e nang le H₂S– Koloi e tala ea Uganda e na le H₂S e qhibilihisitsoeng ho fihlela ho 15 ppm e nang le metsi. Ho ne ho hlokahala liteko tse matla tsa HIC le SSC. Womic e entse liteko tsa mangolo libakeng tse 15 tsa tlhahiso. Tsohle li fetile ka CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0% bakeng sa HIC. Teko ea SSC (NACE TM0177, 720h) ha ea ka ea bontša ho petsoha ha bokaholimo. Re fihletse sena ka ho boloka CEV ≤ 0.38% (ka tlase ho moeli oa PSL2 oa 0.43%) le ho sebelisa PWHT bakeng sa liphaephe tsohle tse kaholimo ho 12.7mm WT, leha API 5L e sa laele PWHT ka tlase ho 25.4mm. Mohlahlobi oa moreki (SGS) o bone liteko tsohle.
● Lithibelo tsa tikoloho sebakeng sa liphoofolo tse hlaha– Phaephe e feta hara dipolokelo tse pedi tsa naha tsa diphoofolo. Tshenyo ya ho kwahela nakong ya ho kenngwa e ne e tla ba thata ho e lokisa ka lebaka la phihlello e fokolang. Womic e ile ya sebedisa lera le ikgethang la polyethylene (e eketsehileng 0.5mm hodima 3LPE e tloaelehileng) e le seaparo se sa kgoreng. Re boetse ra etsa tlhahlobo ya matsatsi a phomolo a 100% ho 7kV (e tlwaelehileng ke 5kV) ho netefatsa hore ha ho matsatsi a phomolo a ho kwahela. Matla a ho kwahela a lekilwe ho 250 N/cm ho 25°C, 150 N/cm ho 70°C.
● Litšelo tsa noka tse hlokang lebota le teteaneng– Lithaba tse hlano tse kholo tsa noka (linoka tse phallang tsa Nile) li ne li hloka Boima ba 15.9mm ho fapana le 12.7mm bakeng sa khanyetso e eketsehileng ea ho putlama le ho kobeha nakong ea ho kenngoa ha sagbend. Bakeng sa liphaephe tsena tse teteaneng tsa lebota, re sebelisitse mokhoa oa UOE bakeng sa ho potoloha ho betere (± 0.2% OD) ho netefatsa ho tjheseletsa ka botlalo sebaka sa tšimo likarolong tse tšelang. Ovality e ne e lekantsoe ho 0.15-0.18%, e ka tlase ho moeli oa 0.5%.
● Tsamaiso ea thepa ea ho tsamaea ka maoto ho ea fihla libakeng tse hōle– Liphaephe li ile tsa romelloa ho tloha Shanghai ho ea koung ea Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), eaba li tsamaisoa ka literaka lik'hilomithara tse 1,200 ho ea fihla karolong e pharalletseng ea liphaephe tsa Uganda. Maemo a litsela karolong e ka bophirima ea Tanzania a kenyelletsa likarolo tse sa katoang. Womic e entse moralo o khethehileng oa thomello: bolelele ba limithara tse 12 feela (ha ho na manonyeletso a limithara tse 18 bakeng sa karolo ea Uganda) ho lekana literaka tse tloaelehileng tse bataletseng. Pipe ka 'ngoe e ne e tlameletsoe ka masela a nang le lipeipi. Re fane ka litšoantšo tsa ho kenya le koetliso ho k'hamphani ea literaka ea lehae. Liphaephe tse se nang letho li ile tsa senyeha nakong ea leeto la lik'hilomithara tse 1,200 holim'a naha.
● Litokomane tse tiileng le ho latelwa ha tsona– Morero o ne o hloka disetifikeiti tsa EN 10204 Type 3.2 bakeng sa nomoro e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea mocheso, ka ho latela ka botlalo ho tloha poleiting ho ea phaepheng e felileng. Womic e abetse molaoli ea inehetseng oa litokomane ea ileng a latela liphaephe tsohle tsa 68.5 km. Phaephe e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ne e hatisitsoe ka nomoro ea mocheso, nomoro ea phaephe, le likhokahano tsa GPS tsa tlhahiso. Sehlopha sa QA sa moreki se ile sa hlahloba setsi sa rona habeli nakong ea tlhahiso; lihlahlobo ka bobeli li fetile ntle le ho latela melao.
Sephetho:Phaephe ea Oli e sa Hloekisoang ea Afrika Bochabela (EACOP) e reretsoe ho phethoa ka mechini kotara ea bobeli ea 2025. Lithane tse 13,000 tsa liphaephe tsa X52 PSL2 tsa Womic Steel li ile tsa tlisoa ka likhoeli tse 8 (thomello ea pele Mphalane 2023, thomello ea ho qetela Mots'eanong 2024). Liphaephe tsohle li fetile tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro ke SGS Tanzania. Moreki (mokhatlo oa lik'hamphani tsa oli tsa machaba) o ntšitse lengolo la thoriso bakeng sa taolo ea boleng ea Womic le thomello ea ka nako. Hona joale Womic ke mofani ea tšoanelehang esale pele bakeng sa katoloso ea liphaephe nakong e tlang sebakeng seo.
Ikopanye le rona:
Webosaete: www.womicsteel.com
Imeile: sales@womicsteel.com
Mohala / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel – Molekane oa hau ea tšepahalang bakeng sa liphaephe tsa API 5L X52 LSAW bakeng sa mela ea lithupa tsa oli le khase tse nang le khatello e phahameng, tšebeletso e bolila, liphaephe tsa arctic, le lits'ebetso tsa leoatleng lefatšeng ka bophara.
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