Kakaretso ea Sehlahisoa
Hastelloy C-276 ke motsoako o nang le diphetoho tse ngata o hanelang mafome o fumanehang kajeno. Dikahare tsa yona tse tlase haholo tsa khabone le silicon di fana ka kganyetso e ikgethang kganyeng ya ho tjhesa, mafome a kgephohileng, le ho petsoha ha mafome a kgatello dibakeng tse mabifi. Motswako ona o bontsha kganyetso e ikgethang kgase e metsi ya chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, le di-chloride tse oxidizing. E sebetsa ka botshepehi ho sulfuric, hydrochloric, le phosphoric acid ho pholletsa le mocheso o pharaletseng. Ho fapana le mefuta e meng e mengata ya di-alloy tse hanelang mafome, Hastelloy C-276 e boloka kganyetso ya yona ya mafome esita le boemong ba ho tjheseletsa, e leng se etsang hore e be e loketseng disebediswa tsa bohlokwa tsa ho sebetsana le dikhemikhale moo ho hlokahalang tlhahiso ya ho tjheseletsa. Motswako ona o na le tungsten (3.0-4.5%) e fanang ka kganyetso e eketsehileng kganyeng ya mafome a sebakeng seo mme e ntlafatsa tshebetso ka kakaretso dibakeng tse matla.
Litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
- Khanyetso ea ts'enyeho ea bokahohlengmefuteng e mengata ea mecha ea litaba e mabifi
- Khanyetso e ikhethang khahlanong le ho bola ha pitting le crevice
- Ho hanyetsa ka mokhoa o babatsehang ho ts'enyeho ea khatello ea maikutlo
- Ho hanyetsa khase e metsi ea chlorine haholole li-chloride tse oxidizing
- Ho hanyetsa sulfuric, hydrochloric, le phosphoric acid
- E boloka khanyetso ea ts'enyeho boemong ba ho tjheseletsa
- Khabone e tlase le siliconbakeng sa botsitso bo ntlafetseng
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Karolo | Dikahare (%) | Karolo |
| Nikele (Ni) | Tekanyo | Karolo ea motheo, e fana ka khanyetso ea ho bola |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.5 – 16.5 | Ho hanyetsa oxidation, ho fana ka ho hanyetsa mafome libakeng tse eketsang oxidation |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 15.0 – 17.0 | Ho hanyetsa mafome a mantlha a ho tjhesa le ho phunya, ho hanyetsa asiti |
| Tungsten (Bohareng) | 3.0 – 4.5 | Ho hanyetsa mafome sebakeng se itseng ho ntlafalitsoe, ho hanyetsa asiti |
| Tšepe (Fe) | 4.0 – 7.0 | Karolo ea sebopeho, phokotso ea litšenyehelo |
| Cobalt (Kopo) | ≤ 2.5 | Karolo e setseng, e laoloang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa nyutlelie |
| Khabone (C) | ≤ 0.010 | Khabone e tlase haholo e thibela ho utloa bohloko le ho boloka ho hanyetsa mafome |
| Silicone (Si) | ≤ 0.08 | Deoxidizer, e tlase haholo bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mafome |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 1.0 | Sebolaya-mafu |
| Vanadium (V) | ≤ 0.35 | Ho hloekisoa ha lijo-thollo |
| Fosforase (P) | ≤ 0.030 | Ho se hloeke, ho laoloa ka thata |
| Sebabole (S) | ≤ 0.030 | Ho se hloeke, ho laoloa ka thata |
Matlotlo a Mekaniki
Matlo a Mocheso oa Kamore (A annealed)
| Thepa | Tlhokahalo ea ASTM | Tse Tloaelehileng Tse Finyelletsoeng |
| Matla a tšepe | ≥ 690 MPa (100 ksi) | 690 – 860 MPa |
| Matla a Tlhahiso (0.2% Offset) | ≥ 283 MPa (41 ksi) | 283 – 350 MPa |
| Ho lelefatsa | ≥ 40% | 40 – 55% |
| Bothata | ≤ 100 HRB | 85 – 95 HRB |
| Botenya | 8.89 g/cm³ | |
| Sebaka sa ho Qhibiliha | 1325 – 1370°C | |
| Ho tsamaisa mocheso ka mocheso ho 20°C | 10.2 W/m·K | |
| Katoloso e lekanang ea mocheso (20-100°C) | 11.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C | |
| Modulus e tenyetsehang | 208 GPa | |
| Ho dumella ho kena ha makenete | E seng ea makenete |
Matlotlo a Mechini a Mocheso o Phahameng
| Thempereichara °C | Matla a ho Tenyetseha (MPa) | Matla a Tlhahiso (MPa) |
| 20 | 690 – 860 | 283 – 350 |
| 100 | 645 | 260 |
| 200 | 610 | 240 |
| 300 | 580 | 220 |
| 400 | 540 | 210 |
| 500 | 500 | 200 |
| 600 | 460 | 190 |
Melemo ea Bohlokoa ea Hastelloy C-276
Khanyetso ea Ts'enyeho ea Bokahohle– Hastelloy C-276 e tsejoa e le motsoako o sebetsanang le mafome ka ho fetisisa o fumanehang kajeno. E fana ka khanyetso e ntle ho li-acid tse eketsang okside le tse fokotsang okside, e leng se etsang hore e lokele lits'ebetso moo phallo ea ts'ebetso e ka fapanang pakeng tsa maemo a eketsang okside le a fokotsang. Motsoako ona o sebetsa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang ho sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, le li-acid tse fapaneng tsa organic.
Khanyetso e Ikhethang ea ho Thibela le ho Hanela ho Silafala ha Metsi– Molybdenum e ngata (15-17%) e fana ka khanyetso e ikhethang khahlanong le ho bola ha dikoti le mapetso dibakeng tse nang le chloride. Motswako ona o batla o sa tshwarwe ke ho bola ha dikoti metsing a lewatle le metswakong e meng e matla ya chloride. Khanyetso ya wona khahlanong le ho bola e phahametse haholo tshepe e sa ruseng ya 316L le mefuta e meng e mengata ya dikotwana tse thehilweng ho nickel.
Khanyetso e Hlollang ea ho Silafala ha Khatello ea Kelello– Hastelloy C-276 e na le khanyetso e ikhethang khahlanong le ho petsoha ha mafome a bakoang ke khatello ea chloride. Motsoako ona ha o na k'holeseterole e ngata ho SCC libakeng tsa chloride moo litšepe tse sa hloekang tsa austenitic li ka 'nang tsa hloleha. Sena se etsa hore e lokele lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa indastering ea likepe, lik'hemik'hale le peterole.
Ho Weldability le Khanyetso ea ho Sila Kamora ho Weld– Ho fapana le di-alloy tse ngata tse hanelang mafome, Hastelloy C-276 e boloka kganyetso ya yona ya mafome boemong ba ho tjheseletsa. Motswako ha o hloke kalafo ya mocheso kamora ho tjheseletsa ho tsosolosa kganyetso ya mafome. Kganyetso ya wona kganyetsong ya ho bola ha tjheseletsa e etsa hore e be ntle bakeng sa disebediswa tse rarahaneng tse entsweng diindastering tsa ho sebetsana le dikhemikhale le tsa peterole.
Ho Hanela Khase e Metsi ea Chlorine– Hastelloy C-276 e na le khanyetso e ikhethang khahlanong le khase e metsi ea chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, le li-chloride tse oxidizing. Motsoako ona o sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse kenyelletsang metsoako e nang le chlorine le chlorine moo boholo ba thepa e meng e neng e ka hlōleha ka potlako.
Ho Hanela Sebabole le Li-acid tsa Phosphoric– Motswako ona o bontsha kganyetso e ntle haholo ho asiti ya sulfuric ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ya mahloriso mochesong o itekanetseng. Hape o hanela asiti ya phosphoric, e leng se etsang hore e lokele tlhahiso ya manyolo a phosphate le ditshebeletso tse ding tsa asiti ya phosphoric.
Matla a Molemo a Mocheso o Phahameng– Hastelloy C-276 e boloka thepa e molemo ea mechini mochesong o phahameng. Motsoako ona o boloka ho hanyetsa ha oona mafome le botsitso ba sebopeho libakeng tse mabifi tsa mocheso o phahameng, ka khanyetso e ntle ea ho thekesela ho fihlela ho 400°C.
Ho latela Melao ea NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156– Hastelloy C-276 e tšoaneleha bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa tšebeletso e bolila indastering ea oli le khase, e hanela ho petsoha ha khatello ea sulfide (SSC) le ho petsoha ho bakoang ke haeterojene (HIC) libakeng tse nang le H₂S.
Mefuta ea Lihlahisoa e Fumanehang ho tsoa ho Womic Steel
Pipe e se nang seamless & Tube e se nang seamless
- Bophara ba Kantle:6mm – 300mm
- Botenya ba lebota:1mm – 30mm
- Bolelele:Ho fihlela ho 12m
- Maemo:ASTM B622, ASTM B829, ASME SB-622
- Likopo:Liphaephe tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso, liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, litsamaiso tsa ho sebetsana le asiti, li-reactor tsa meriana
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Phaephe e se nang moedi ya Hastelloy C-276, phaephe ya UNS N10276, phaephe ya 2.4819, phaephe e se nang moedi ya alloy C-276
Pipe e nang le Welded
- Bophara ba Kantle:50mm – 1200mm
- Botenya ba lebota:1.0mm – 25mm
- Maemo:ASTM B619, ASTM B626, ASME SB-619, ASME SB-626
- Likopo:Liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso tse bophara bo boholo, litsamaiso tsa ho tlosa khase ea flue, lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Phaephe e welletsoeng ea Hastelloy C-276, phaephe ea alloy C-276 ERW, phaephe ea nickel e bophara bo boholo
Tšepe Bar (E chitja, E sekwere, E bataletseng, E nang le Hekse)
- Bophara:6mm – 300mm
- Bokaholimo:E phutholohile e chesang, E khanyang (e huloa ka serame), E fatše, E retolohile
- Maemo:ASTM B574, ASME SB-574
- Likopo:Likutu tsa valve, li-fasteners, li-shafts, lipompo, setoko sa machining, lisebelisoa
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Bara e chitja ea Hastelloy C-276, UNS N10276 bar stock, bara e kopantsoeng ea nickel
Poleiti le Letlapa la Tšepe
- Botenya:1mm – 100mm
- Bophara:Ho fihlela ho 2500mm
- Maemo:ASTM B575, ASME SB-575
- Likopo:Likhetla tsa likepe, lipoleiti tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso, likarolo tsa sebopeho, likheo tsa flange, masela a litanka tsa lik'hemik'hale
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Poleiti ea Hastelloy C-276, pampiri ea motsoako oa C-276, poleiti ea N10276
Khoele ea Tšepe le Strip
- Botenya:0.5mm – 6.0mm
- Bophara:10mm – 1500mm
- Maemo:ASTM B575
- Likopo:Likarolo tse entsoeng, li-bellow, manonyeletso a katoloso, li-stampings, liphaephe tse nang le mabota a masesaane
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Koili ea Hastelloy C-276, moqolo oa motsoako oa nickel
Li-Flanges le Li-Fittings tsa Liphaephe
- Mefuta:Ho Welded Molala, Ho Theleha, Ho Foufala, Ho Welded Socket, Ho Khoeletsoa, Ho Kopanngoa ha Matheka
- Boholo:1/2" – 48"
- Tekanyetso ea Khatello:Sehlopha sa 150 - Sehlopha sa 2500
- Maemo:ASTM B564, ASME SB-564, ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47
- Lisebelisoa:Litsoe, Li-Tee, Li-Reducer, Li-Cap, Lipheletso tsa Stub, Li-Coupling
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Li-flange tsa Hastelloy C-276, lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe tsa alloy C-276, flange ea molala ea weld ea UNS N10276
Li-forging
- Mefuta:Masale, li-disk, li-shaft, 'mele ea li-valve, likarolo tsa pompo, li-geometri tse ikhethileng
- Boima:Ho fihlela ho 3,000kg ka sengoathoana
- Maemo:ASTM B564, ASME SB-564
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Ho betla ha Hastelloy C-276, lesale la motsoako oa C-276, boloko bo betliloeng
Li-valve tsa Hastelloy C-276
- Mefuta:Li-valve tsa bolo, Li-valve tsa heke, Li-valve tsa Globe, Li-valve tsa ho hlahloba, Li-valve tsa plug
- Boholo:1/2" – 24"
- Tekanyetso ea Khatello:Sehlopha sa 150 - Sehlopha sa 2500
- Maemo a Mocheso:-196°C ho isa ho +400°C
- Maemo a Moralo:API 608, API 6D, BS 6364, ASME B16.34
- Litulo:E thatafetse ka stellite, PCTFE (cryogenic), RPTFE, PEEK
- Ts'ebetso:Ka letsoho, Pneumatic, Motlakase
- Likopo:Tšebeletso e matla ea lik'hemik'hale, ho sebetsana le asiti, li-reactor tsa meriana, tšebeletso ea chlorine e metsi
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Valve ea bolo ea Hastelloy C-276, valve ea heke ea alloy C-276, valve e hanelang mafome
Terata le Lisepori
- Bophara ba terata:0.5mm – 12mm
- Li-Springs:Tlhahiso ea selemo e ikhethileng
- Maemo:ASTM B574
- Mantsoe a bohlokoa:Terata ea Hastelloy C-276, lisepori tsa motsoako oa C-276, terata ea motsoako oa nickel
Hastelloy C-276 khahlanong le Inconel 625 khahlanong le Incoloy 825
| Thepa | Hastelloy C-276 | Inconel 625 | Incoloy 825 |
| Dikahare tsa Nikele | Tekanyo | ≥58% | 38-46% |
| Dikahare tsa Chromium | 14.5-16.5% | 20-23% | 19.5-23.5% |
| Dikahare tsa Molybdenum | 15-17% | 8-10% | 2.5-3.5% |
| Dikahare tsa Tungsten | 3-4.5% | Ha ho letho | Ha ho letho |
| Dikahare tsa Tshepe | 4-7% | ≤5% | ≥22% |
| Boleng ba PREN | ~67 | ≥45 | ~36 |
| Khanyetso ea asiti | E phahameng | Ho lokile | E babatsehang |
| Khanyetso ea Chlorine e Metsi | E babatsehang | Ho lokile | E itekanetseng |
| Khanyetso ea ho Pitting | E phahameng | E babatsehang | Ho lokile |
| Khanyetso ea Metsi a Leoatle | E phahameng | E phahameng | Ho lokile |
| Ho tjheseletsa | E babatsehang | E babatsehang | E babatsehang |
| Litšenyehelo | E phahameng ka ho fetisisa | Holimo | E itekanetseng |
Nako ea ho khetha Hastelloy C-276:Ditshebediso tse hlokang kganyetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ya mafome dibakeng tse matla ho kenyeletswa le kgase ya chlorine e metsi, melapo e tswakilweng ya asiti, le metswedi ya chloride e matla moo dialloy tse ding di hlolehang. Kganyetso e phahameng ya mafome a ho tjhesa le ho phunya e lokafatsa ditjeo tse hodimo.
Nako ea ho khetha Inconel 625:Lisebelisoa tse hlokang ho hanyetsa mafome hantle le matla a mocheso o phahameng. E ntle haholo metsing a leoatle le libakeng tse etsang hore oxidize, ka matla a betere mochesong o phahameng ho feta C-276.
Nako ea ho khetha Incoloy 825:Lisebelisoa tse hlokang ho hanyetsa mafome hantle libakeng tsa asiti ka theko e tlase. E ntle haholo bakeng sa tšebeletso ea sulfuric le phosphoric acid, e loketse tšebeletso ea bolila, empa e na le khanyetso e tlase ea ho phunya ho feta C-276 kapa 625.
Litšebeliso tsa Hastelloy C-276
Ts'ebetso ea Lik'hemik'hale– Hastelloy C-276 e sebediswa haholo di-reactor, di-heat exchanger, dikholomo tsa distillation, ditsamaiso tsa diphaephe, dipompo le di-valve tse sebetsanang le dikhemikhale tse matla ho kenyeletswa le sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, chlorine compounds, le organic acids. Khanyetso ya ho bola ya alloy e etsa hore e lokele ditshebetso moo metswako ya ho bola e ka fapanang kapa moo k'hemistri e sa laolweng ka nepo.
Tšebeletso ea Chlorine e Metsi– Motswako ona ke thepa e ratoang haholo bakeng sa ho sebetsana le khase ea chlorine e metsi, ho kenyeletsoa le limela tsa ho qhibilihisa chlorine, litsamaiso tsa ho omisa chlorine, tlhahiso ea chlorine dioxide, le tlhahiso ea hypochlorite. Ho hanyetsa ha eona metsoako ea chlorine e metsi le chlorine ha ho bapisoe le thepa e 'ngoe e mengata.
Ho Hlatsoa Khase ka Flue (FGD)– Hastelloy C-276 e sebediswa ditsamaisong tsa FGD dipolanteng tsa motlakase tse sebediswang ka mashala bakeng sa ditora tsa ho hlatswa, diphaephe tsa ho futhumatsa hape, dikarolo tsa fene ya mouoane o metsi, di-agitator, di-baffle, le diphaephe tsa flue. Ho hanyetsa ha alloy ho condensate ya asiti le dibaka tse nang le chloride ho netefatsa bophelo bo bolelele ba tshebeletso ditshebedisong tsena tse boima.
Indasteri ea Makhasi le Pampiri– Motswako ona o sebediswa ho di-pulp digesters, disebedisweng tsa ho soeufatsa, le ditsamaisong tsa ho tsosolosa dikhemikhale moo ho pepesehelang dikhemikhale tse matla le dithempereichara tse phahameng ho tlwaelehileng.
Meriana le Tsamaiso ea Lijo– Hastelloy C-276 e sebediswa di-reactor tsa meriana, dijaneng tsa ho belisa, le disebedisweng tsa ho sebetsana le dijo moo ho hanyetsa mafome le bohloeki ba dihlahiswa di leng bohlokwa. Ho hanyetsa mafome ho netefatsa hore ha ho na tshilafatso ya dihlahiswa tsa meriana kapa tsa dijo.
Kalafo ea Litšila tsa Nyutlelie– Motsoako ona o sebediswa dibakeng tsa ho lokisa ditshila tsa nyutlelie le dibakeng tsa kalafo ya ditshila tse nang le mahlasedi moo ho hlokahalang kganyetso ho nitric acid le dibaka tsa mahlasedi.
Likepe tsa Leoatle le tsa Lebopong la Leoatle– Hastelloy C-276 e sebediswa diphaepheng tsa metsi a lewatle, disebedisweng tsa sethala sa lewatle, le dikarolong tse ka tlasa lewatle moo ho hanyetsang ho kgephoha ha dikoti tse bakwang ke chloride le mafome a kgephohileng ho leng bohlokwa.
Oli le Khase– Motsoako ona o sebediswa tlhahisong ya kgase e bolila, disebedisweng tsa dithaba, le mela ya metsi a lewatleng e hlokang ho hanela H₂S, CO₂, le ho bola ha chloride. Ho latela melao ya yona ya NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ho netefatsa tshebetso e tshepahalang tshebeletsong e bolila.
Maemo le Litlhaloso
| Foromo ea Sehlahisoa | Tekanyetso ea ASTM | Maemo a ASME |
| Phaephe/Thupe e se nang seamless | ASTM B622, ASTM B829 | ASME SB-622, SB-829 |
| Pipe e nang le Welded | ASTM B619, ASTM B626 | ASME SB-619, SB-626 |
| Bare/Molamu | ASTM B574 | ASME SB-574 |
| Poleiti/Lakane/Sekotwana | ASTM B575 | ASME SB-575 |
| Li-forging | ASTM B564 | ASME SB-564 |
| Lisebelisoa | ASTM B366 | ASME SB-366 |
| Tlhophiso ea UNS | N10276 | |
| Nomoro ea Mosebetsi | 2.4819 | |
| Tlhophiso ea DIN | NiMo16Cr15W | |
| Sechaena se Lekanang | NS334 |
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa
P: Ke hobane'ng ha Hastelloy C-276 e nkoa e le motsoako o "bohle" o sa senyeheng ke mafome?
A: Hastelloy C-276 e fana ka khanyetso e ikhethang ho li-acid tse oxidating le tse fokotsang, khase ea chlorine e metsi, li-chloride, le mefuta e mengata ea mecha ea phatlalatso e mabifi. Ho tenyetseha ha eona ho pholletsa le libaka tse ngata tse senyang ho etsa hore e lokele lits'ebetso moo phallo ea ts'ebetso e ka fapanang kapa moo ho nang le li-acid tse tsoakiloeng. Ha ho na motsoako o mong o fanang ka khanyetso e pharaletseng joalo ea khanyetso.
P: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa Hastelloy C-276 le Inconel 625?
A: Hastelloy C-276 e na le molybdenum e phahameng (15-17% khahlano le 8-10%) mme e na le tungsten (3-4.5%), e fanang ka khanyetso e ntle ea ho ts'oaroa ha mafome le ho phunya, haholo-holo ho fokotseng tikoloho ea asiti. Inconel 625 e na le niobium bakeng sa ho matlafatsa 'me e na le matla a betere a mocheso o phahameng ho feta C-276. Khetha C-276 bakeng sa khanyetso e phahameng ea mafome; khetha 625 bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang khanyetso ea mafome le matla a mocheso o phahameng.
P: Na Hastelloy C-276 e hloka kalafo ya mocheso kamora ho tjheseletsa?
K: Tjhe. E 'ngoe ea melemo ea bohlokoa ea Hastelloy C-276 ke hore e boloka khanyetso ea eona ea mafome boemong ba ho tjheseletsa. Khabone e tlase ea alloy le silicon li netefatsa khanyetso khahlanong le ho bola ha weld le mafome a intergranular ntle le kalafo ea mocheso kamora ho tjheseletsa.
P: Na Hastelloy C-276 e loketse tšebeletso ea metsi a leoatle?
K: E. Hastelloy C-276 e na le khanyetso e ikhethang khahlanong le ho bola ha dikoti le mapetso metsing a lewatle. E loketse ho kenya diphaephe tsa metsi a lewatle, disebediswa tsa sethala sa lewatle, le dikarolo tse ka tlasa lewatle moo ho bola ha chloride ho leng taba.
P: Ke eng e lekanang le Hastelloy C-276 ea Sechaena?
A: Kereiti e lekanang le ya Sechaena ke NS334 (耐蚀合金Hape hangata e suptjoa ke lebitso la eona la UNS N10276 le nomoro ea Werkstoff 2.4819.
P: Ke mefuta efe ea lihlahisoa tse fumanehang bakeng sa Hastelloy C-276?
A: Womic Steel e fana ka Hastelloy C-276 ka phaephe e se nang moedi, phaephe e welletsoeng, bareng ea tšepe, poleiti ea tšepe, khoele ea tšepe, strip, flanges, li-fitting tsa phaephe, li-forging, terata le li-valve. Litlhaloso tse felletseng tsa sehlahisoa le mefuta ea boholo li thathamisitsoe karolong ea ho fumaneha ha sehlahisoa.
Ikopanye le Womic Steel
Webosaete: www.womicsteel.com
Imeile: sales@womicsteel.com
Mohala / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
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Tšepe ea Womic – Molekane oa hau ea tšepahalang bakeng sa phaephe e se nang sekoli ea Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276), phaephe e welletsoeng, bara ea tšepe, poleiti ea tšepe, khoele ea tšepe, li-flange, li-fitting, li-forging le li-valve bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, tšebeletso ea chlorine e metsi, ho tlosoa ha khase ea flue, lits'ebetso tsa kalafo ea litšila tsa nyutlelie lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho latela ka botlalo, ho latela melao ea NACE MR0175, setifikeiti sa mokhatlo oa lihlopha, le litokomane tsa EN 10204 Type 3.1/3.2 lia fumaneha.
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Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) – Nickel-Tšepe-Chromium...
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Incoloy 800H (UNS N08810) – Nickel-Tšepe-Chromiu...
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Haynes 230 (UNS N06230) - Nickel-Chromium-Tungs...