1. Tšepe ea Womic: Bokhoni ba Tlhahiso le Matla a Khamphani
Womic Steel Group ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong le morekisi oa kantle ho naha ea nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 20 ba ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa tšepe e sa hloekang. Setsi sa rona se ikhethileng sa tlhahiso ea liphaephe tse welletsoeng tsa TP304N se sebelisa mahlale a mangata a tsoetseng pele a ho wellisa a nang le mocheso o laoloang ho boloka naetrojene e le teng tšepeng e welletsoeng:
- Mohala oa ERW (Ho Welding ka Khahlanong le Motlakase):Bakeng sa bophara ba 6.35mm ho isa ho 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 0.5mm ho isa ho 12.7mm. Ho tjheseletsa maqhubu a phahameng ka diparamitha tse ntlafaditsweng ho boloka naetrojene. E loketse diphaephe tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng tsa TP304N bakeng sa kgatello le ditshebediso tsa meaho.
- Mohala oa EFW (Motlakase oa ho Welding oa ho Kopanya Motlakase):Bakeng sa bophara ba 219mm ho isa ho 1219mm (8″ – 48″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 4.0mm ho isa ho 50mm. TIG (GTAW) root pass e nang le SAW fill passes, ho sebediswa filler metal e tshwanang (ER304N kapa ER308 e nang le naetrojene).
- Mohala oa LSAW / SAWL bakeng sa Stainless:Bakeng sa bophara ba 406mm ho isa ho 1524mm (16″ – 60″), botenya ba lebota bo fihlang ho 50mm. Ho tjheseletsa arc e qoelitsoeng ka metsing ya di-plate tsa TP304N tse phuthilweng.
Liphaephe tsohle tse welletsoeng tsa TP304N li feta ho annealing ka tharollo (kalafo ea mocheso) ho 1040-1120°C ho lateloe ke ho tima metsi ho boloka naetrojene ka har'a tharollo e tiileng le ho tsosolosa ho hanyetsa mafome, ho lateloe ke ho pickling le ho se sebetse.
Litifikeiti tsa Boleng le ho Latela Melao:
- Setifikeiti sa ISO 9001:2015
- PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa khatello
- Setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.2 se nang le netefatso ea mokha oa boraro (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
- Tlhahlobo ea Mokha oa Boraro (TPI) e amohetsoeng ke SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
- Khoutu ea Sejana sa Boiler le Khatello ea ASME (Karolo ea VIII, Karolo ea 1) ha e kopuoa
Womic Steel e fana ka liphaephe tse welded tsa TP304N linaheng tse fetang 40 ho pholletsa le liindasteri tsa likepe tse nang le khatello, tsa meaho le tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Ho tenyetseha ha Tlhahiso:
- ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm Boima × ≤ 12m
- EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm Boima × ≤ 12m (e telele ha e kopuoa)
- LSAW: 406–1524mm OD × 6.0–50mm Boima × ≤ 18m
- Dikgetho tsa ho qeta: E apeetsweng le e qhibilihisitsoeng, e apeetsoeng e benyang, e bentšitsoeng (180# ho isa ho 320#)
2. ASTM A312 TP304N: Sebopeho sa thepa le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso
ASTM A312 TP304N ke mofuta o matlafalitsoeng ke naetrojene oa tšepe e sa hloekang ea 304 e tloaelehileng. Naetrojene (0.10-0.16%) e fana ka matlafatso ea tharollo e tiileng, e eketsa matla a tlhahiso ka hoo e ka bang 35% ha e ntse e boloka botsitso bo botle, ho tiea le ho hanyetsa mafome. Sena se lumella likarolo tse tšesaane tsa lebota bakeng sa tekanyo e tšoanang ea khatello, ho fokotsa boima le litšenyehelo.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (Tlhahlobo ea Lesela, % ka boima):
| Karolo | TP304N (ASTM A312) | TP304 (bakeng sa papiso) |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mn | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 2.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.045 | ≤ 0.045 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 |
| Cr | 18.0 – 20.0 | 18.0 – 20.0 |
| Ni | 8.0 – 11.0 | 8.0 – 11.0 |
| N | 0.10 – 0.16 | ≤ 0.10 |
| Fe | Tekanyo | Tekanyo |
Matlotlo a Mekaniki (Mocheso oa Kamore, Tharollo e Amohetsoeng):
| Thepa | TP304N | TP304 |
| Matla a Tlhahiso (bonyane, phokotso ea 0.2%) | 275 MPa (39,900 psi) | 205 MPa (30,000 psi) |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso) | 550 MPa (79,800 psi) | 515 MPa (74,700 psi) |
| Ho lelefatsa (bonyane, gauge ea 50mm) | 35% | 40% |
| Bothata (boholo) | 90 HRB | 90 HRB |
Thepa ea 'Mele:
- Botenya: 7.93 g/cm³
- Modulus ea Elasticity: 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi)
- Ho tsamaisa mocheso ka mocheso: 16.2 W/m·K ho 100°C
- Katoloso ea Thermal Coefficient: 17.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Khanyetso ea ho Sila:
- Ho tšoana le 304 libakeng tse ngata (ho hanyetsa hantle li-acid tse oxidizing, li-acid tsa organic)
- Ho hanyetsa ho koaleha ha likoti ho ntlafetse hanyane ka lebaka la naetrojene (PREN ≈ 19-20 vs 18 bakeng sa 304)
- Ho hanyetsa hantle mafome a intergranular kamora ho tjheseletsa (ha tharollo e kentswe hantle)
- Ha e a lokela bakeng sa tšebeletso ea chloride e kaholimo ho mocheso o tloaelehileng (sebelisa 316N kapa duplex bakeng sa chloride)
Melemo ea Bohlokoa e fetang 304:
- Matla a ho hlahisa chai a 35% a lumella mabota a masesaane (phokotso ea boima ba 'mele ka 20-25%)
- Khatello e phahameng e lumelletsoeng ho latela ASME Karolo ea VIII bakeng sa methapo ea khatello
- Ho tjheseletsa le ho bopeha ha tsona ho ka bapisoang
- Khanyetso e betere hanyane ea ho thiba
3. Ho Latela Maemo le Litekanyetso tsa Tekanyo
| Ntho | Tlhaloso |
| E tloaelehileng | ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 (hape le A358, A249) |
| Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso | ERW, EFW, LSAW |
| Sebaka sa Bophara ba Kantle | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW/LSAW: 219 - 1524mm |
| Botenya ba Lebota | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW/LSAW: 4.0 - 50mm |
| Kemiso ea Kemiso | 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (bakeng sa NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Bolelele ba Nako | E tloaelehileng: 6m; E atolositsoe: 12m, 18m, ho fihlela ho 24m |
| Qetello ea ho Qetela | Qetello e se nang letho (PE), Qetello e Beveled (BE) |
| Qetello ea Bokaholimo | E apeetsoe le e khethiloeng, E phatsimang e apeetsoe, e bentšitsoeng |
| Mamello | OD: ±0.5% kapa ±3.2mm; Boima: ±12.5% (ho ya ka ASTM A999); Bolelele: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Litekanyo le Litlhaloso tse Fumanehang - Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoarellang ea ASTM A312 TP304N e Welded
| NPS | OD (mm) | Kemiso | Boima ba 'mele (mm) | Boima (kg/m2) | Bolelele bo Tloaelehileng | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.00 | 6m | Mohala oa haeteroliki |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.28 | 6m | Tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 10S | 2.77 | 2.09 | 6m | Metsi a khatello e phahameng |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.11 | 6m | Mohala oa ts'ebetso |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.93 | 6m / 12m | Sekepe sa khatello |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 10S | 3.05 | 6.46 | 6m / 12m | Kholomo ea sebopeho |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 10S | 3.05 | 8.37 | 6m / 12m | Mochini o futhumatsang |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 10S | 3.40 | 13.8 | 6m / 12m | Feme ea pampiri |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 10S | 3.76 | 20.0 | 12m | Lehlakoreng le ka holimo la lebōpo |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 10S | 4.19 | 27.8 | 12m | Tšehetso ea sebopeho |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 10S | 4.57 | 36.0 | 12m | Sehlooho se seholo |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 10S | 4.78 | 47.4 | 12m | Khetla ea sejana sa khatello |
| 20″ | 508.0 | 10S | 5.54 | 68.6 | 12m | Bophara bo boholo |
| 24″ | 609.6 | 10S | 6.35 | 94.4 | 12m | Tanka ea polokelo |
Litekanyo tse ikhethileng ka ntle ho mefuta ena lia fumaneha. TP304N e lumella mabota a masesaane ho feta 304 bakeng sa tekanyo e tšoanang ea khatello.
5. Maemo le Mekhahlelo e Tloaelehileng ea Tšepe e sa Hloekeng e Entsoeng ke Womic Steel
| E tloaelehileng | Likereiti tsa Tšepe | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng | Mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa |
| ASTM A312 | TP304N, TP304, TP304L, TP316N, TP316 | Tšebeletso e senyang, khatello | ERW/EFW/LSAW |
| ASTM A358 | TP304N, TP304, TP316 | Ho kopanngoa ha motlakase ho welded | EFW |
| ASTM A249 | TP304N | Boiler, superheater, exchanger ea mocheso | ERW/EFW |
| ASTM A312 | TP304L, TP316L | Tšebeletso e akaretsang ea ho senya | ERW/EFW/LSAW |
| EN 10217-7 | 1.4315 (304N) | Merero ea khatello | SAW/ERW |
Tšebeliso:Mekepe ea khatello, likarolo tsa sebopeho, liphaephe tse lebōpong la leoatle, ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, li-heat exchanger, lisebelisoa tsa ho sila pampiri.
6. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoaneng e Welded (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Mokhoa oa ERW (Ho Welding ka Khahlanong le Motlakase) – Bophara bo Bonyenyane ho isa ho bo Mahareng (6.35–610mm OD):
1. Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala (Strip/Coil):Sekotwana sa TP304N se netefalitsoe bakeng sa sebopeho (Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11%, N 0.10-0.16%). Khoele ka 'ngoe e na le palo e ikhethang ea mocheso.
2. Ho phutholla le ho batalatsa
3. Ho Seha Meeli ea Strip
4. Ho theha:Ho bopa moqolo o tswelang pele.
5. Ho tjheseletsa ka Maqhubu a Phahameng:Ho kenya mocheso hantle (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm) ho boloka naetrojene. Ho ka hlokahala lebelo le phahameng.
6. Ho Hlomamisa Seam:Ho kenya induction ho lateloa ke ho tima metsi.
7. Ho lekanya le ho otlolla
8. Ho Seha ho fihlela Bolelele
9. NDT:Teko ea hona joale ea Eddy (100%) + UT ea boikhethelo.
10.Tharollo ea Annealing (Phaephe e Felletseng):1040-1120°C, ho tima metsi. E bohlokoa bakeng sa ho qhala nitrides le ho tsosolosa thepa.
11.Teko ea Hydrostatic
12.Ho Khaola le ho Fetola Maikutlo
13.Netefatso ea PMI (XRF) le Naetrojene (haeba e hlalositsoe)
14.Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela le ho Tšoaea
Mokhoa oa EFW (Motlakase oa ho Welding) – Bophara bo Boholo (219–1219mm OD, Boima ba 4.0–50mm):
1. Tokisetso ea Poleiti:Poleiti ea TP304N, mathoko a beveled (X bevel).
2. Ho Etsa Meqolo
3. Ho tjheseletsa ka Tack
4. TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Setlatsetso se tšoanang (ER308 kapa ER304N), khase e tšehetsang argon.
5. Lipase tsa SAW Fill le Cap:SAW e fetisang ka makhetlo a mangata e nang le mocheso o laoloang (≤ 1.8 kJ/mm), interpass ≤ 150°C.
6. Ho tjheseletsa ka Hare
7. Teko ea X-ray ea 100%(ho ya ka ASTM A358)
8. Tharollo ea ho Hloekisa:Kalafo e felletseng ea mocheso oa phaephe (1040-1120°C), ho tima metsi.
9. Ho Khaola le ho Fetola Maikutlo
10.Teko ea Hydrostatic
11.Tlhahlobo le ho Tšoaea ka Tekanyo
Ts'ebetso ea LSAW bakeng sa Bophara bo sa Tšoarellang – Bophara bo Boholo Haholo (406–1524mm OD, Boima ba 6.0–50mm):
- UOE kapa JCOE e thehoa ho tsoa poleiting ea TP304N
- Ho tjheseletsa SAW ka mahlakore a mabedi
- Tharollo e felletseng ea ho annealing ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa
Lintho Tse Ikhethang Tse Lokelang ho Etsoa Bakeng sa TP304N:
- Sekhahla sa naetrojene se lokela ho laolwa ho qoba pula ea nitride
- Tharollo e futhumatsang mocheso o phahameng qetellong ea sebaka (1080-1120°C) ho qhala li-nitride
- Ho tima metsi hoa hlokahala ho boloka naetrojene ka har'a tharollo e tiileng
- Lintho tse sebelisoang ho tjheseletsa li lokela ho ba le naetrojene e lekanang (ER308L e nang le N e eketsehileng)
7. Mekhoa ea Taolo ea Boleng le Liteko bakeng sa Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoarellang ea ASTM A312 TP304N e Welded
| Sethaleng | Mokhoa oa Tlhahlobo | Morero |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale (OES + Ho Chesoa ha N) | Netefatsa TP304N (N 0.10-0.16%, Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11%) |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea ho Tenyetseha | Netefatsa chai ≥ 275 MPa, ho thapolla ≥ 550 MPa |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Bothata | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Ts'ebetsong | Tlhokomelo ea ho Kena ha Mocheso | ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm |
| Ho tjheseletsa (ERW) | Eddy Current (100%) | Botšepehi ba ho weld |
| Ho tjheseletsa (EFW/LSAW) | 100% UT (kapa PAUT) | Lemoha liphoso tsa ho tjheseletsa |
| Ho tjheseletsa (EFW/LSAW) | RT (letheba kapa 100% ka tlhaloso) | Boleng ba ho weld |
| Ho tjheseletsa | Setlolo sa ho daea (PT) | Mapetso a holim'a metsi |
| Kamora Tharollo ea Annealing | Teko ea ho tiea | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Kamora Tharollo ea Annealing | Netefatso ea naetrojene (haeba e hlalositsoe) | Netefatsa dikahare tsa N ka phaepheng e fedileng |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea Hydrostatic | Botšepehi ba khatello |
| Phaephe e felileng | Kobeho e bataletseng / e tataisitsoeng | Bokgoni ba ho sebetsa |
| Phaephe e felileng | PMI (XRF) | Netefatsa sehlopha (Cr, Ni) |
| Phaephe e felileng | Pono le Matšoao | Ho sala morao |
Liteko tsa Boikhethelo:
- Teko ea ho tsikinyeha ha mocheso o phahameng (haeba ho hlokahala bakeng sa moralo)
- Teko ea ho hlepha ha seretse (ASTM G48) bakeng sa tšebeletso ea bohlokoa
- Teko ea ho hlepha ha granular (ASTM A262 Practice E)
8. Likopo tsa mantlha - Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoarellang ea ASTM A312 TP304N e Welded
1. Methapo ea khatello le litanka tsa polokelo:Khatello e phahameng e lumelletsoeng ho latela Karolo ea VIII ea ASME e lumella mabota a masesaane (phokotso ea boima ba 20-25%) ha e bapisoa le 304.
2. Likarolo tsa sebopeho libakeng tse senyang:Litšehetso tse ka holimo tsa sethala sa kantle ho naha, foreimi ea sebopeho sa limela tsa lik'hemik'hale, likholomo tsa fektheri ea ho lokisa lijo. Matla a phahameng a fokotsa boholo ba karolo.
3. Liphaephe tse ka holimo tsa sethala sa kantle ho naha:Ts'ebetso ea ho kenya liphaephe moo ho hlokahalang tekanyo e phahameng ea khatello empa ho sa hlokahale duplex. TP304N e fana ka matla a mahareng.
4. Ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale (litsamaiso tsa khatello e phahameng):Liphaephe tsa ho kena/ho ntsha di-reactor, mela ya phetisetso ya kgatello e phahameng moo 304 e sa lekaneng empa 316L e totobaditswe ho feta tekano.
5. Likhetla le liphaephe tsa mocheso o chesang:Khatello e ka lehlakoreng la khetla e ka eketseha ntle le hore khetla e tenyetsehe. Liphaephe li ka ba le mabota a masesaane bakeng sa phetisetso e ntle ea mocheso.
6. Lisebelisoa tsa fektheri ea pampiri:Methapo ea ho ntsha lijo, liphaephe tsa ho lokisa setoko moo matla a phahameng a hanelang khoholeho le ho bola.
7. Feme ea biri le liphaephe tsa lebese:Mekhoa ea CIP ea khatello e phahameng (Clean-In-Place) le mela ea lihlahisoa e sebetsang ho 10-15 bar.
8. Mela ea haeteroliki:Mehala ea lisebelisoa le taolo e hlokang khatello e phahameng ho feta 304.
9. 'Mele oa pompo le li-valve:Likarolo tse entsoeng ka foreshe kapa tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o entsoeng ka letsoho (li nkela 304 sebaka ka matla a holimo).
10.Mekhoa ea ho phekola metsi ka khatello e phahameng:Mela ea phepelo ea reverse osmosis (tekanyo e phahameng ea khatello).
11.Meaho ea meralo:Moo matla a phahameng a lumellang liprofaele tse tšesaane (li-handrails, litšehetso).
9. Sephutheloana le Thomello – Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoarellang ea ASTM A312 TP304N e Welded
Sephutheloana:
- Tšireletso khahlanong le ts'enyeho:Liphaephe tse tlotsitsoeng ka oli kapa pampiri ea VCI. Bakeng sa lijo/ho ritela, ha ho na masalla a oli (polasetiki e phuthetsoeng).
- Likoahelo tsa ho qetela:Likhaba tsa polasetiki bakeng sa lipheletso tse betliloeng.
- Ho kopanya (Bophara bo bonyenyane):Liphutheloana tse nang le marapo a tšepe le pampiri e hokahaneng.
- Sephutheloana se le seng (Bophara bo boholo):Sephutheloana sa filimi ea polasetiki.
- Likereiti tsa lehongbakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa.
Ho tsamaisa ka sekepe:
- Lijana tsa ≤ 610mm, tse se nang boholo bo lekaneng bakeng sa bophara bo boholo.
- Litokomane:MTC 3.1/3.2, tlaleho ea teko ea metsi, litlaleho tsa hona joale tsa eddy/UT, tlaleho ea PMI, tlaleho ea litekanyo, lethathamo la liphutheloana, COO.
10. Melemo le Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa ka Tšepe ea Womic - Pipe ea Tšepe e sa Tšoaneng e Welded ea ASTM A312 TP304N
Hobaneng o lokela ho sebelisana le Womic Steel bakeng sa TP304N Welded Pipe?
- Boholo bo Felletseng: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 60″.
- Ho kenya tharollo ka botlalo ka mora ho tjheseletsa (1040-1120°C, ho tima metsi).
- Ho bolokoa ha naetrojene ho netefalitsoe ka tlhahlobo ea ho tuka.
- Matla a phahameng a dumella mabota a masesaane - ho boloka boima ba 20-25% ho feta 304.
- Linako tsa tlholisano tsa ho etella pele: Matsatsi a 25-35 bakeng sa ERW, matsatsi a 35-50 bakeng sa EFW/LSAW.
- Setifikeiti sa Lefatše: ISO 9001, PED (CE), EN 10204 Mofuta oa 3.2.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa) - Phaephe e Welded ea ASTM A312 TP304N
P: Molemo oa TP304N ke ofe ho feta 304 e tloaelehileng?
A: TP304N e na le matla a ho hlahisa a phahameng ka 35% (275 MPa khahlanong le 205 MPa) ha e ntse e boloka ho hanyetsa ho ts'oha ho tšoanang, ho ductility, le ho tjheseletsa. Sena se dumella baqapi ho sebelisa mabota a masesaane bakeng sa lijana tsa khatello le liphaephe, ho fokotsa boima ka 20-25% le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa bakeng sa tekanyo e tšoanang ea khatello. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa meaho, boholo ba likarolo tse nyane bo ka sebelisoa.
P: Na TP304N e theko e boima ho feta 304?
K: Hanyane, ka lebaka la ho kopanngoa ha naetrojene le taolo e thata ea motsoako. Leha ho le joalo, ho boloka boima (mabota a masesaane a 20-25%) hangata ho fella ka litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa thepa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nang le khatello. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa sebopeho moo matla a leng bohlokoa, phokotso ea boima e ka fokotsa theko e phahameng ea yuniti.
P: Na TP304N e ka tjheselletswa ntle le ho lahlehelwa ke naetrojene?
K: E, ka diparamithara tse nepahetseng tsa ho tjheseletsa (kenyo e tlase ya mocheso, ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm) le tshepe e loketseng ya ho tlatsa (ER308 kapa ER304N). Naetrojene e bolokilweng tshepeng ya ho tjheseletsa hangata ke 80-90% ya tshepe ya motheo. Tshebetso ya Womic ya ERW e sebedisa ho tjheseletsa ho ntlafaditsweng ka maqhubu a hodimo ho fokotsang tahlehelo ya naetrojene. Bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa bohlokwa, ho tjheseletsa tharollo kamora ho tjheseletsa ho tsosolosa kabo ya naetrojene.
P: Na TP304N e hloka ho annealing ka tharollo kamora ho tjheseletsa?
A: ASTM A312 e hloka ho annealing ka tharollo bakeng sa phaephe e welletsoeng. Bakeng sa TP304N, ho annealing ka tharollo ho 1040-1120°C ho latelwa ke ho tima metsi hoa hlokahala ho qhala nitrides efe kapa efe e ka bang e hlahile nakong ea ho tjheseletsa le ho tsosolosa khanyetso e felletseng ea mafome le thepa ea mechini. Womic e etsa annealing ka tharollo liphaepheng tsohle tse welletsoeng tsa TP304N.
P: Na TP304N e loketse tšebeletso ea metsi a leoatle?
K: Ha e kgothaletswe. TP304N e na le khanyetso e tshwanang ya ho tjhesa dikoti ho 304 (PREN ≈ 19-20). Bakeng sa metsi a lewatle kapa dibaka tse nang le chloride e ngata, sebedisa 316N (e nang le Mo) kapa tshepe e sa ruseng ya duplex. TP304N ke ya ditshebediso tse hlokang matla a hodimo dibakeng tse seng tsa chloride kapa tse nang le chloride e tlase.
P: Ke kgatello efe e tlwaelehileng e dumelletsweng bakeng sa TP304N ho ASME Karolo ya VIII?
K: Mochesong wa kamore, kgatello e dumelletsweng bakeng sa TP304N e ka ba 137 MPa (20,000 psi) ha e bapiswa le 115 MPa (16,700 psi) bakeng sa 304 - e ka bang 19% ho feta. Boleng ba nnete bo itshetlehile ka mocheso; sheba ASME Karolo ya II, Karolo ya D. Baqapi ba lokela ho sebedisa boleng bo nepahetseng ba kgatello e dumelletsweng bakeng sa sehlopha se itseng.
P: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele bakeng sa phaephe ea tšepe e sa hloekang e welletsoeng ea TP304N ke efe?
A: Matsatsi a 25-35 bakeng sa ERW (bophara bo bonyenyane ho isa ho bo mahareng), matsatsi a 35-50 bakeng sa EFW/LSAW (bophara bo boholo). TP304N ke sehlopha se tloaelehileng bakeng sa limililo tse ngata, kahoo linako tsa ho etella pele li tšoana le 304.
P: Na TP304N e ka sebediswa bakeng sa tshebeletso ya mocheso o phahameng (ka hodimo ho 500°C)?
A: Matla a mocheso o phahameng a TP304N a betere ho feta 304 ka lebaka la ho matlafatsoa ha tharollo e tiileng ea naetrojene. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa ts'ebeletso e tsoelang pele kaholimo ho 550°C, limaraka tse nang le khabone e phahameng (304H) kapa limaraka tse hanelang ho phaphamala (321H, 347H) lia khethoa. TP304N e loketse hantle mocheso o itekanetseng (<425°C) moo matla a hlokahalang.
11. Referense ea Morero - Liphaephe tse ka Holimo tsa Sethala sa Offshore le Litšehetso tsa Meaho (Brazil)
Naha:Brazil (Campos Basin, lebōpong la Rio de Janeiro)
Maemo le Kereiti:ASTM A312 TP304N (e tjheselleditsweng)
Litekanyo le Bongata:
- OD 219.1mm (8″) × Kemiso ea 10S (Boima ba 3.76mm) – limithara tse 1,200 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 28) – Ts'ebetso ea EFW
- OD 168.3mm (6″) × Kemiso ea 10S (3.40mm WIT) – limithara tse 1,800 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 22) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
- OD 114.3mm (4″) × Kemiso ea 10S (Boima ba 3.05mm) – limithara tse 2,500 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 20) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
- OD 60.3mm (2″) × Kemiso ea 10S (Boima ba 2.77mm) – limithara tse 3,000 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 12) – Ts'ebetso ea ERW
- OD 406.4mm (16″) × Kemiso ea 10S (Boima ba 4.78mm) – Limithara tse 300 (hoo e ka bang lithane tse 12) – Ts'ebetso ea EFW (likholomo tsa sebopeho)
Kakaretso:Limithara tse 8,800 (8.8 km), hoo e ka bang lithane tse 94
Litlhaloso:Tharollo ea ASTM A312 TP304N e kolobisitsoeng le ho belisoa ka setlolo, e betloa lipheletsong. Teko ea metsi. 100% UT bakeng sa liphaephe tsa EFW, motlakase oa eddy bakeng sa ERW. PMI phaepheng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Teko ea ho tensile (tekanyo ea ≥ 275 MPa, e fihletsoe 310-340 MPa; ho tensile ≥ 550 MPa, e fihletsoe 580-620 MPa). Tšusumetso ea Charpy ho -20°C (metsotso ea 27J, e fihletsoe 100-150J). Teko ea ho hlepha ha granular ho latela ASTM A262 Practice E (pass). Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro ke DNV Brazil.
Kopo:Liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso tse ka holimo le litšehetso tsa sebopeho bakeng sa sethala sa tlhahiso sa lebopong la leoatle ka har'a Campos Basin. Liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso li hlahisitse metsi le khase e nang le khatello e tlase ho 50-80°C ka chloride e tlase (metsi a hlahisitsoeng a phekotsoeng). Litšehetso tsa sebopeho ke tsa li-skid tsa lisebelisoa le li-racks tsa liphaephe. Sethala se hloka phokotso ea boima ho eketsa bophelo ba sona ba ts'ebeletso (matšoenyeho a mokhathala). TP304N e khethiloe ka lebaka la matla a eona a tlhahiso e phahameng a 35%, e lumellang mabota a masesaane (Kemiso ea 10S ho fapana le Kemiso ea 40S) bakeng sa litho tsa liphaephe le tsa sebopeho.
Moelelo oa Boenjiniere:Sethala sena se ne se etselitsoe liphaephe tsa 304. Ka ho ntlafatsa ho ea ho TP304N le ho fokotsa botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho Schedule 40S (4.55-8.18mm) ho ea ho Schedule 10S (2.77-4.78mm), sehlopha sa boenjiniere se fihletse phokotso ea boima ba 45% holim'a liphaephe le phokotso ea boima ba 30% holim'a litšehetso tsa meaho - poloko ea boima ba lithane tse 35 (27% ea boima ba pele). Sena se ile sa lumella sethala ho lula ka har'a tekanyetso ea sona ea boima e ka holimo.
Liphephetso tsa Tekheniki le Litharollo:
- Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ntle le ho beha khatello kotsing– Matla a ho fana a phahameng a TP304N a dumelletse mabota a masesaane ho latela ASME B31.3. Bakeng sa liphaephe tsa 8″, Schedule 10S (3.76mm) e nkile sebaka sa Schedule 40S (8.18mm), e fokotsa boima ka 54%. Womic e fane ka setifikeiti sa tekanyo le litlaleho tsa teko ea khatello. Teko ea hydrostatic ho 3.0 MPa e fetisitsoe (khatello ea moralo 1.8 MPa, khatello ea teko 2.7 MPa).
- Ho bapisa matla a tšepe a welded– Tšepe ea weld ea ERW le EFW e tlameha ho ba le matla a lekanang le tšepe ea motheo. Liparamitha tsa ERW tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa Womic ho fihlela katleho ea manonyeletso a weld ea 95% (matla a ho tenyetseha 560 MPa khahlanong le motheo oa 590 MPa). Li-weld tsa EFW tse sebelisang ER308 filler li fihletse katleho ea manonyeletso ea 100%. Liteko tsohle tsa ho tenyetseha ha weld li fetile.
- Khanyetso ea ts'enyeho ka botenya bo fokotsehileng ba lebota– Mabota a masesaane a na le monyetla o monyenyane oa ho bola. Metsi a hlahisoang a na le chloride e tlase (< 50 ppm) ka pH 6.5-7.5, kahoo sekhahla sa ho bola se tlase. TP304N e na le khanyetso e betere hanyane ea ho bola ho feta 304 ka lebaka la naetrojene. Womic e entse teko ea ho bola ho ASTM G48 (lihora tse 24 ho 22°C) – ha ho na ho bola. Moreki o amohetsoe.
- Moralo oa tšehetso ea sebopeho o sebelisang TP304N– Litšiea tsa sebopeho sa 16″ li sebelisitse Schedule 10S (4.78mm) ho fapana le Schedule 40S (9.53mm). Tlhahlobo ea likarolo tse felletseng (FEA) e tiisitse hore lebota le lesesaane le nang le matla a phahameng a tlhahiso ea TP304N le fane ka bokhoni bo lekanang ba mojaro. Womic e fane ka mamello ea ho otloloha ≤ 0.15% bakeng sa botsitso ba litšiea.
- Mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa masimong bakeng sa TP304N– Sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea sethala se ne se hloka ho fetola liphaephe nakong ea ho kenya. Womic e fane ka WPS e sebelisa GTAW e nang le setlolo sa ER308, sesebelisoa sa ho kenya mocheso ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm, interpass ≤ 150°C. Li-coupon tse 20 tsa weld li fetile RT, PT, le teko ea ho tensile.
- Thepa ea thepa ho ea Campos Basin– Liphaephe li rometsoe ho tloha Shanghai ho ea Rio de Janeiro, ebe li romeloa sethaleng sa leoatleng ka sekepe sa phepelo. DNV e hlahlobile liphaephe ha li ntse li kenya thepa. Lithane tsohle tse 94 li ile tsa tlisoa ka thepa e 'meli ka libeke tse 5.
Sephetho:Liphaephe tse ka holimo tsa sethala le litšehetso tsa sebopeho li kentsoe kotara ea bobeli ea 2024. Phokotso ea boima ba lithane tse 35 e lumelletse sethala ho fihlela moeli oa boima ba sona bo ka holimo ntle le ho hloka matlafatso ea sebopeho. Kamora likhoeli tse 12 tsa ts'ebetso, tlhahlobo ha ea ka ea bontša ho hloleha ha mafome kapa ho tjheseletsa. Motsamaisi o rera ho sebelisa TP304N bakeng sa ntlafatso ea sethala nakong e tlang ho fokotsa boima le ho eketsa bophelo ba thepa. Womic Steel joale ke mofani ea tšoanelehang bakeng sa litlhoko tsa mochini enoa tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa hloekang.
Ikopanye le rona:
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Mohala / WhatsApp / WeChat:
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Tšepe ea Womic – Molekane oa hau ea tšepahalang bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa hloekang tse welletsoeng tsa ASTM A312 TP304N bakeng sa likepe tsa khatello, liforomo tsa leoatleng, lits'ebetso tsa meaho, le litsamaiso tsa lik'hemik'hale tse nang le khatello e phahameng lefatšeng ka bophara.
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