1. Kakaretso - Hobaneng X65MS+Incoloy 825 e le Tšebeletso e Bolila
Khase e bolila e metsi – e nang le hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon dioxide (CO₂), 'me hangata e na le li-chloride – ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse mabifi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa lipeipi tsa tšepe ea carbon. Tšepe e tloaelehileng ea X65 e hloleha ka potlako ka lebaka laho petsoha ha khatello ea sulfide (SSC)leho petsoha ho bakoang ke haeterojene (HIC).
Phaephe e koahetsoeng ka bimetal ea X65MS+Incoloy 825e etselitsoe ka ho khetheha maemo a joalo:
● Tšepe e tšehetsang ea X65MS ea kantleke mofuta o fetotsoeng oa X65 o nang le carbon e tlase (≤0.10%), sebabole se tlase (≤0.002%), le thata e laoloang (≤248 HV) ho hanela SSC le HIC joalo ka ha ho hlokahala ke NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156.
●Sekoahelo sa Inner Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825)ke motsoako o thehiloeng ho nickel o nang le 38-46% Ni, 19-23% Cr, 2.5-3.5% Mo, hammoho le koporo le titanium. E mamella H₂S, CO₂, li-chloride tse phahameng, sebabole sa elemental, le li-acid tsa organic ho pholletsa le pH e pharaletseng le mocheso.
Mealo ena e 'meli e kopanngoa ka ho sa feleng ke tlamo ea tšepe (tlamo ea hot roll + JCOE e etsang). Ho fapana le phaephe e nang le metjhini, ho na leha ho kotsi ea hore lesela la ho phunya, ho sosobana, kapa ho senyeha ha lesoba sebakeng sa ho kopanya.
Motsoako ona ke tekanyetso ea indasteri bakeng sapokello ea khase e bolila lebōpong la leoatle,mela ea phallo ea ente ea khase ea asiti (AGI),Mela ea lijo tsa limela tsa Clausleliliba tsa ho lahla lintho tse nang le khatello e phahameng.
2. Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa le Melemo
| Tšobotsi | Melemo |
| Tšehetso ea tšebeletso ea bolila ea X65MS | NACE MR0175 e latela melao – thatafalo ≤248 HV, e hanela SSC/HIC |
| Lesela la Incoloy 825 | E hanela H₂S, CO₂, li-chloride, sebabole, li-acid tsa organic – PREN 30 35 |
| Tlamo e felletseng ea tšepe | Ha ho na ho putlama/ho qhaqha ha lesela – matla a ho shear ≥200 MPa |
| Bophelo ba tšebeletso e telele | Hangata lilemo tse 25-30 tšebeletsong ea khase e bolila |
| Phokotso ea litšenyehelo | Theko e tlase ka 40-60% ho feta phaephe e tiileng ea Incoloy 825 kapa Alloy 625 |
| Litokomane tse felletseng | EN 10204 3.1/3.2; Tlaleho ea ho latela melao ea NACE; lirekoto tsa liteko tsa UT, MT, metsi |
3. Lintlha tsa Tekheniki le Litlhaloso tsa Thepa
3.1 Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (%)
| Karolo | Tšehetso ea X65MS (max) | Sekoahelo sa Incoloy 825 (se tloaelehileng) |
| Khabone (C) | 0.10 | ≤0.05 |
| Silicone (Si) | 0.45 | ≤0.50 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 1.35 | ≤1.00 |
| Fosforase (P) | 0.020 | ≤0.030 |
| Sebabole (S) | 0.002 | ≤0.015 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.30 | 19.5 – 23.5 |
| Nikele (Ni) | 0.30 | 38.0 – 46.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.15 | 2.5 – 3.5 |
| Koporo (Cu) | 0.20 | 1.5 – 3.0 |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.04 | 0.6 – 1.2 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.08 | — |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.05 | — |
3.2 Matlotlo a Mekaniki
| Thepa | Tšehetso ea X65MS | Lesela la Incoloy 825 |
| Matla a Tekanyo (metsotso, MPa) | 450 | 240 (e koetsoe) |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso, MPa) | 535 | 550 |
| Ho lelefatsa (bonyane, %) | 18 | 30 |
| Bothata (boholo, HV10) | 248 ka NACE | 240 |
| Tšusumetso (Charpy, 0°C, bonyane J) | 100 (karolelano) | — |
3.3 Sebopeho sa Bond le ho Latela Tshenyo
| Paramethara | Tlhokahalo | Lintlha |
| Matla a ho kuta | ≥200 MPa | API 5LD |
| Botšepehi ba tlamo ea UT | Ha ho na ho kgaolwa >50mm | Sekena sa 100% |
| Khanyetso ea SSC | Tšepe e tšehetsang: NACE TM0177 Mokhoa oa A | Ha ho petsohe ho 80% SMYS |
| Khanyetso ea HIC | Tšepe e tšehetsang: NACE TM0284 | CLR ≤15%, CTR ≤5%, CSR ≤2% |
| Ho kenya likoti tsa Incoloy 825 | PREN = Cr+3.3Mo+16N ≈ 30-35 | E hanela mocheso ho fihlela ho 150°C ka har'a li-chloride tse ngata |
3.4 Sebaka sa Tekanyo (Se Tloaelehileng)
| OD (intshi/mm) | Boima ba Tšehetso (mm) | Boima ba ho roala (mm) | Bolelele bo phahameng (m) |
| 8″ (219.1) | 10.0 – 18.0 | 2.0 – 2.5 | 18 |
| 10″ (273.1) | 10.0 – 20.0 | 2.0 – 2.5 | 18 |
| 12″ (323.9) | 12.0 – 22.0 | 2.0 – 3.0 | 18 |
| 16″ (406.4) | 12.0 – 25.0 | 2.5 – 3.0 | 18 |
| 20″ (508.0) | 12.0 – 28.0 | 2.5 – 3.0 | 18 |
| 24″ (609.6) | 14.0 – 30.0 | 2.5 – 3.0 | 18 |
| 30″ (762.0) | 14.0 – 30.0 | 3.0 – 3.5 | 18 |
| 40″ (1016.0) | 16.0 – 32.0 | 3.0 – 3.5 | 18 |
Boholo bo ikhethileng bo fumaneha ha ho kopuoa.
4. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Ho Kopanya Meqolo e Chesang + JCOE
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea phaephe ea X65MS+Incoloy 825 e latela ka tieo netefatso ea boleng ba tšebeletso e bolila:
●Khetho le netefatso ea thepa– Poleiti ea X65MS le poleiti ea Incoloy 825 li tsoa lifemeng tse amohetsoeng. K'hemistri le ho tiea ha OES lia netefatsoa.
● Tokiso ea bokaholimo– Lipoleiti ka bobeli lia hloekisoa le ho siloa ho tlosa sekala le oxide.
● Ho hlopha ka vacuum– Lipoleiti li behiloe ka har'a li-stack (Incoloy 825 kahare), mathoko a koetsoe tlas'a vacuum (≤10 Pa) ho thibela oxidation nakong ea ho futhumatsa.
● Ho phutholoha ho chesang– Stack e futhumetse ho fihlela ho 1180-1250°C, e phuthoa ka tekanyo e phahameng ea phokotso (≥5:1). Tlamo ea tšepe e thehoa ka ho hasana ha athomo.
● Tlhahlobo ea poleiti ea li-clad– 100% ultrasound scan bakeng sa botšepehi ba bond.
● Ho thehoa ha JCOE– Poleiti e koahetsoeng e siloa ka lehlakore ka profil e nang le litepisi, ebe e etsoa phaephe e bulehileng ka mechine e hatelloang ea JCO.
● Ho tjheseletsa seam ka longitudinal– Phase ea ho tjheseletsa e ka hare e nang le setlatsetso sa Incoloy 625; phase ea kantle e nang le setlatsetso sa tšepe e nang le khabone e tlase. Mokhoa oa ho tjheseletsa o tšoanelehang ho NACE/API 5LD.
● Ho koahela ka ho tjheseletsa (ho koahela ka boikhethelo)– Sehokelo sa ho weld se ka hare se ka kwahelwa ka Incoloy 625 bakeng sa ho matlafatsa kganyetso ya ho bola.
● Kalafo ea mocheso– Phokotso ea khatello ea maikutlo (PWHT) haeba ho hlokahala ho latela khoutu ea moralo; ho seng joalo ha ho na kalafo ea mocheso ho boloka thepa ea ts'ebeletso ea tšepe e tšetsoeng.
● NDT le liteko– Sheba Karolo ea 5.
● Qetella ho qeta– Lipheletso tsa bevel + oli e thibelang mafome + likhetla tsa polasetiki.
5. Taolo le Teko ea Boleng – Tlhokomelo ea Tšebeletso e Bolila
Phaephe e koahetsoeng ea X65MS+Incoloy 825 e feta tekong e matla ho netefatsa botšepehi ba ts'ebeletso.
| Teko | Mokhoa / Maemo | Sebaka | Kamohelo |
| Khemistri le ho thatafala (tšehetso) | OES + HV10 | Mocheso o mong le o mong | Litlhaloso tsa X65MS; boima ≤248 HV |
| Ho thatafala (ho koahela) | HV10 | Sehlopha se seng le se seng | ≤240 HV |
| Bond UT | 'Mele o felletseng, maqhubu a ho beola le a longitudinal | 100% | Ha ho na karohano >50mm; kakaretso <2% |
| Sehokelo sa ho weld UT | Letoto le iketsang la mekhahlelo | 100% | API 5LD / DNV F101 |
| Ho tjheseletsa MT / PT | Sekhechana sa makenete sa karoloana / dae se kenellang | Sebaka sa ho qala le ho tjheseletsa ka weld, bolelele bo felletseng | Ha ho matšoao a otlolohileng |
| Teko ea ho tenyetseha le ho kobeha | Ho cheka ka weld + tlamo | Ka sehlopha (liphaephe tse ≤50) | Ho hloleha ka ntle ho weld/bond |
| Tšusumetso ea Charpy (tšehetso) | -20°C kapa -40°C | Ka mocheso | ≥100 J karolelano |
| Teko ea SSC (tšehetso) | Mokhoa oa NACE TM0177 A (ho tsitlella) | Ka mocheso / ka projeke | Ha ho petsohe ho 80% SMYS |
| Teko ea HIC (tšehetso) | NACE TM0284 | Ka mocheso / ka projeke | CLR ≤15%, CTR ≤5%, CSR ≤2% |
| Teko ea metsi a sa fetoheng | Khatello ea moralo ea 1.5 × | Phaephe ka 'ngoe | Ha ho dutla |
| Tekanyo le pono | Laser / li-caliper / tse bonahalang | 100% | OD, Boima, bolelele, bevel |
Liteko tse ling ha li kopuoa:
● Ho hanyetsa ho phunya ha lithupa (CPT / CCT) bakeng sa Incoloy 825
● Ho bola ha di-intergranular (ASTM A262) bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa ka ho tjheseletsa
● Bongata ba ferrite (bakeng sa tšepe e tjheselletsoang)
6. Likopo tse Tloaelehileng le Phihlelo ea Morero
6.1 Pokello ea Khase ea High-H₂S e Lebopong la Leoatle
Sebaka:Sichuan Basin, Chaena (H₂S 8-15%, CO₂ 5-8%, di-chloride tse mahareng)
Tlhaloso ea phaephe:X65MS+Incoloy 825, OD 323.9mm, Boima ba ho tšehetsa 14.3mm, sekoahelo 2.5mm
Sepheo sa bophelo ba tšebeletso:Lilemo tse 30. E filoe lik'hilomithara tse 47 ho ea ho NOC e kholo. E ntse e sebetsa ho tloha ka 2019 - ha ho na liphoso tse amanang le ts'enyeho.
6.2 Mohala oa ho Phalla ha Ente ea Khase ea Asiti (AGI)
Sebaka:Bochabela bo Hare bo lebopong la lewatle (H₂S + CO₂ + di-chloride tse ngata)
Phephetso:Metsi a kobehileng a senya haholo.
Tharollo:Phaephe e koahetsoeng ea X65MS+Incoloy 825, OD 406.4mm, e koahetsoeng ea 3.0mm.
Sephetho:E kentsoe e le mola oa phallo o tsoang holimo ho ea hloohong ea seliba; e fetile lengolo la NACE TM0177 le TM0284.
6.3 Mohala oa Phepo ea Limela tsa Claus (Tšebeletso ea Sebabole sa Motheo)
Sebaka:Feme ea ho hloekisa ea Gulf Coast, USA
Bothata:Sebabole se metsi + HCl e nyane e bakile tlhaselo e potlakileng hodima tshepe ya khabone.
Tharollo:Phaephe e koahetsoeng ka X65MS+Incoloy 825 (12″ OD, 2.8mm cladding).
Sephetho:Lilemo tse 8 tsa ts'ebetso ntle le ho senyeha ha liner kapa tšepe e tšehetsang.
7. Ke Hobane'ng ha U Lokela ho Khetha Tšepe ea Womic bakeng sa Pipe ea Clad ea Tšebeletso e Bolila?
| Lebaka | Lintlha tse qaqileng |
| E ikhethile ka thepa e bolila | Phihlelo e pharaletseng ea ho fumana poleiti ea X65MS e thata haholo le Incoloy 825 |
| Bokgoni ba ka hare ho NACE | Sehlopha sa botekgeniki se ka lokisa litokomane tse felletseng tsa ho latela melao ea NACE |
| Ho latela ka botlalo | Ho tloha palong ea mocheso oa mekhahlelo ka bobeli ho isa tekong ea ho qetela ea metsi |
| Nako e khutšoanyane ea ho etella pele | Libeke tse 12-16 bakeng sa boholo bo tloaelehileng (pheta liodara libeke tse 10-12) |
| Tumello ea lefats'e ka bophara ea mokha oa boraro | Sebetsa le DNV, BV, TÜV, SGS bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipaki le mangolo a 3.2 |
| Litheko tse qothisanang lehlokoa | 40-60% ka tlase ho phaephe e tiileng ea Alloy 825 kapa Inconel 625 |
8. Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa)
P1: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa X65 le X65MS?
K: X65MS ke phetoho ea "tšebeletso e bolila" ea X65. E na le khabone e tlase (≤0.10%), sebabole se tlase haholo (≤0.002%), taolo e thata ea ho thatafala (≤248 HV), le tlhahlobo ea SSC/HIC e tlamang ho latela NACE MR0175. X65 e tloaelehileng ha e lokele H₂S e metsi.
P2: Ke hobane'ng ha u sebelisa Incoloy 825 ho fapana le 316L kapa duplex bakeng sa tšebeletso ea sour?
A: Incoloy 825 e na le nickel e ngata (38-46%), e fanang ka khanyetso e ntle ho SCC le SSC tse bakwang ke chloride. E boetse e hanela ho fokotsa di-acid (mohlala, HCl) le sebabole sa elemental – maemo ao 316L le duplex di tla hloleha ho sebetsa. Bakeng sa tshebeletso e matla haholo ya bolila (H₂S e phahameng + di-chloride tse phahameng + S elemental), Incoloy 825 hangata ke CRA e amohelehang bonyane.
P3: Na sekoahelo sa Incoloy 825 se ka kopanngwa ho sona kapa ho tshepe ya khabone?
K: E. Incoloy 825 e ka tjheselletswa ka GTAW (TIG), GMAW (MIG), le SMAW. Bakeng sa ho kopanya cladding le cladding, sebedisa filler metal Alloy 82 / 82i (ERNiCr-3) kapa Alloy 625 (ERNiCrMo-3). Bakeng sa ho kopanya cladding le carbon steel (mohlala, weld overlay), sebedisa lera le mahareng la Alloy 309L kapa 625 ho qoba ho hlapollwa le ho petsoha.
P4: Na weld ea longitudinal seam e boetse e na le ts'ebeletso e bolila?
K: E. Phase e ka hare e tjheseditswe ka Incoloy 625 filler (e phahameng ka Ni, Cr, Mo ho feta 825). Karolo ena ya weld e fana ka kganyetso e lekanang kapa e betere ya mafome ho feta cladding ya 825. Weld yohle e hlahlobilwe ka 100% NDT mme ho lekoa thata.
P5: Ke mangolo afe a netefatso a fanoang bakeng sa tšebeletso ea bolila?
A: Re fana ka disetifikeiti tsa EN 10204 Type 3.1/3.2 tse kenyeletsang tlhahlobo ya mocheso wa tshepe e tshehetsang, ho thatafala, ditlaleho tsa teko ya SSC le HIC (haeba di entswe), le phuputso ya ho thatafala ha weld. Ha re kopa, re fana ka lengolo la ho latela melao la NACE MR0175.
P6: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele bakeng sa phaephe e koahetsoeng ea X65MS+Incoloy 825 ke efe?
A: Odara ea pele: Libeke tse 14-18 (e kenyelletsa theko ea thepa ea tšebeletso e bolila le mangolo a ho tšoaneleha). Liodara tse pheta-phetoang: Libeke tse 10-12. Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro e ka eketsa libeke tse 1-2.
P7: Na Womic Steel e ka fana ka phaephe e koahetsoeng ea Inconel 625 ho fapana le Incoloy 825?
K: E. Bakeng sa maemo a boima le ho feta (mocheso o phahameng, H₂S e phahameng, di-chloride tse ngata), re fana ka phaephe e phuthetsweng ya X65MS+Inconel 625 (UNS N06625). Inconel 625 e na le matla a hodimo le kganyetso e betere ya ho thiba dikoti (PREN >45). Ikopanye le rona bakeng sa leqephe la data le arohaneng.
9. Tlhahisoleseding ea ho Odara - Tšebeletso e Bolila Pipe ea Clad
Ho kopa khotheishene bakeng saPhaephe e koahetsoeng ka tšepe ea bimetal X65MS+Incoloy 825 e kopantsoeng ka tšepe, ka kopo fana ka tse latelang:
● Botenya ba lebota la tšepe e tšehetsang bophara ba kantle (OD) le tšepe e tšehetsang
● Botenya ba ho koahela ba Incoloy 825 boa hlokahala (bonyane 2.0mm bo khothaletsoa bakeng sa khase e bolila)
● Bolelele bohle (m) le palo ea manonyeletso
● Khatello ea moralo / tlhoko ea SMYS (haeba e le teng)
● Tikoloho ea tšebeletso e bolila: Khatello e sa fellang ea H₂S, CO₂, li-chloride, pH, mocheso
● Liteko tse hlokahalang tsa NACE: SSC (Mokhoa oa A kapa oa C), HIC – kapa ho latela melao eohle ea NACE MR0175/ISO 15156
● Litlhoko tsa tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro
Ikopanye le Womic Steel:
Webosaete: www.womicsteel.com
Imeile: sales@womicsteel.com
Mohala / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel – Molekane oa hau bakeng sa litharollo tse tšepahalang tsa liphaephe tse koahetsoeng ka tšebeletso e bolila.
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