Pipe ea T91+Alloy 28 Bimetal Metallurgical Clad | Tube e se nang seamless e hanelang ho bola le ho bola – Tšepe ea Womic

Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane:

Phaephe e koahetsoeng ka tšepe e sa se nang moedi ea T91+Alloy 28. T91 ea kantle (X10CrMoVNb9-1) e fana ka matla a ho hloa ho fihlela ho 650°C; Alloy ea kahare ea 28 (UNS N08028) e hanela li-chloride tse ngata, sulfuric/phosphorus acid, le maemo a bolila. E entsoe ka centrifugal casting + hot extrusion - e sa se nang moedi ka botlalo, ha e na weld ea longitudinal. E loketse liphaephe tsa superheater, li-boiler tsa mocheso o litšila, li-exchange tsa mocheso oa lik'hemik'hale tse mocheso o phahameng.

Romella imeile ho rona Litlhaloso tsa Sehlahisoa

Qaqiso ea Sehlahisoa

Li-tag tsa Sehlahisoa

Kantle (Setšehetsi)

Kantle (Setšehetsi):T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903 / A213 T91) – tšepe e sa haneleng ho thekesela ka martensitic, tšebeletso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea 650°C

Sekoahelo sa ka Hare:Alloy 28 (UNS N08028 / 1.4563 / Sandvik 28) - e phahameng Cr/Ni/Mo/Cu austenitic alloy, PREN 38–40

Boholo ba Boholo:OD 38mm – 168mm; Botenya ba lebota la kantle 4mm – 15mm; Botenya ba sekoahelo 1.8mm – 3.5mm; Bolelele bo le bong ho fihlela ho 15m

Tshebetso:Ho lahla ha centrifugal + extrusion e chesang – matla a ho kuta a tlamo ea tšepe ≥300 MPa

Maemo:ASTM A213 (T91), API 5LD (phaephe e koahetsoeng), NACE MR0175, PED 2014/68/EU

Likopo:Li-superheater/li-reheater tsa boiler tse nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo, li-unit tsa ho khutlisa mocheso o litšila (limela tsa sulfuric acid), li-exchange tsa mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa li-hydrocarbon tse nang le chlorine, limela tsa biomass/limela tse sebelisang matla a litšila

1. Kakaretso - Hobaneng Pipe ea T91+Alloy 28 Clad

Tšebeletso ea mocheso o phahameng hangata e hlahisa bothata: thepa e matla ho lekana ho pholoha ho thekesela (joalo ka T91) e bola likhase tse matla tsa flue kapa melapo ea ts'ebetso; motsoako o hanelang mafome (joalo ka Motsoako oa 28) ha o na matla a mocheso o phahameng 'me o bitsa chelete e ngata haholo.

Pipe ea T91+Alloy 28 bimetal clade rarolla sena ka ho arola mesebetsi:

lT91 ea KantleE shebane le tikoloho e nang le mocheso o phahameng (mohlala, khase ea flue ho 600-650°C) 'me e fana ka matla a ho phatloha ha leqhubu.

lMotsoako oa ka Hare 28e sebetsana le mokelikeli o senyang (mohlala, asiti e kolobisitsoeng, dikloride) bokaholimong ba yona bo kahare.

Motsoako keseamless– ha ho na moalo wa ho weld o bolelele ba nako e telele – ka lebaka la mokhoa wa ho tjheseletsa wa centrifugal + tshebetso ya ho ntsha metsi a chesang. Sena se fedisa ntlha e fokolang e fumanwang diphaepheng tse tjheseditsweng ka weld.

Litlhophiso tse tloaelehileng moo T91+Alloy 28 e ipabolang:

Tlhophiso	Lehlakore la kantle	Lehlakore la ka hare	Mohlala
Sehatsetsi se matla sa boiler	Khase ea flue (650°C, e eketsang oksijene)	Mouoane (450 550°C, o hloekileng)	T91 e hanela oxidation ya kantle; Alloy 28 ha e hlokehe? Ha e le hantle lehlakore la mouoane ha le hloke alloy e ikgethang. Mohlala o betere:Mochini o fetolang mocheso moo mokelikeli o senyang o phallang ka hare– T91 kantle e nka mocheso o phahameng oa khase; Motsoako oa 28 kahare o hanela mafome.
Tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea kamehla:Tshibollo ka har'a boiler ea mocheso oa litšila tlase ho semela sa sulfuric acid - e chesang (~500°C) SO₂/SO₃ khase kantle (mehele ea T91 ea thothomela), asiti e hlapollotsoeng e ka 'na ea kopana kahare nakong ea ho thekesela (Alloy 28 e hanyetsa). E boetse e sebelisoa holiboiler tsa biomassmoo chlorine e ka har'a khase ea flue e bakang mafome a mocheso o phahameng - Alloy 28 e sebelisoa e le liner ea kahare? Ho molemo ho beha cladding lehlakoreng la mollo. Empa moralo oa rona o beha cladding kahare, ka morao kantle. A re foreiming bocha: Phaephe e koahetsoeng e ka sekamisoa ka tsela efe kapa efe. Womic e ka hlahisa ka CRA ho ID (bakeng sa mafome a kahare) kapa ho OD (bakeng sa mafome a kantle). T91+Alloy 28 hangata e fanoa kaMotsoako oa 28 ho IDle T91 ho OD.

Bakeng sa ho hlaka:T91 e ka ntle (OD) e fana ka matla a khatello le ho hanyetsa ho thekesela; Motsoako oa 28 o ka hare (ID) o hanela ho bola ho tsoa mokelikeling oa ts'ebetso.Haeba ho tšoenngoa ke mafome a kantle, re ka fetola mekhahlelo.

2. Litlhaloso tsa Thepa

2.1 Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (Tloaelehileng, %)

Karolo	T91 (Kantle)	Motsoako oa 28 (oa ka Hare)
Khabone (C)	0.08–0.12	≤0.03
Silicone (Si)	0.20–0.50	≤0.50
Manganese (Mn)	0.30–0.60	≤2.00
Fosforase (P)	≤0.020	≤0.030
Sebabole (S)	≤0.010	≤0.015
Chromium (Cr)	8.0–9.5	26.0–28.0
Nikele (Ni)	≤0.40	29.0–32.0
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.85–1.05	3.0–4.0
Koporo (Cu)	—	0.6–1.4
Vanadium (V)	0.18–0.25	—
Niobium (Nb)	0.06–0.10	—
Naetrojene (N)	0.03–0.07	—

2.2 Thepa ea Mekaniki (Mocheso oa Kamore)

Thepa	T91	Motsoako oa 28
Matla a Tekanyo (metsotso, MPa)	415	220
Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso, MPa)	585	500
Ho lelefatsa (bonyane, %)	20	30
Bothata (boholo, HB)	250	230

2.3 Matla a Mocheso o Phahameng (T91)

Mocheso (°C)	Matla a ho Rutla a 100,000h (MPa)	Matla a Tlhahiso (MPa)
550	150	320
600	100	280
620	80	260
650	50	220

Motsoako oa 28 o lekanyelitsoe ho ~450°C ts'ebetsong ea ho senya empa o ka mamella mocheso o phahameng oa tšepe tlas'a maemo a sa senyeheng.

2.4 Khanyetso ea ho Sila (Alloy 28)

Tikoloho	Khanyetso
Asiti ea sulfuric (mahloriso 'ohle)	E ntle haholo ho fihlela ho 80°C
Asiti ea phosphoric	E babatsehang
Li-chloride (likoti / lesoba)	PREN 38-40, CPT ~50°C
H₂S + CO₂ + dikloride	E ntle haholo (tšebeletso e bolila)
Li-acid tsa tlhaho	E babatsehang

Alloy 28 e sebetsa hantle ho feta 316L le 904L libakeng tse nang le chloride e ngata + acid mme e ka bapisoa le Alloy 825 maemong a mangata.

3. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Ho Lahlela Centrifugal e se nang Seamless + Extrusion

Mohato	Tlhaloso
1. Ho betla tube ea Alloy 28 ka centrifugal	Ho qhibiliha ha motsoako oa 28 ho lahleloa ka sekontiri ka har'a tube e nang le mabota a teteaneng e se nang letho.
2. Kenya le ho kopanya	Sesebelisoa sa Alloy 28 se se nang letho se kentsoe ka har'a billet ea tšepe ea T91 (e entsoe esale pele hore e lekane).
3. Ho ntša metsi a chesang	Sekotwana sa billet se kopantsoeng se futhumatsoa ho fihlela ho 1150-1200°C mme se ntshwa ka die. Karolelano e phahameng ya phokotso (≥8:1) e etsa tlamo ya metallurgical sebakeng sa ho kopanya. Extrusion e boetse e ntlafatsa sebopeho sa dijo-thollo.
4. Ho hula ka serame / ho hula ka sekepe (ha ho hlokahale)	Bakeng sa mamello e thata kapa bophara bo bonyenyane, ho sebelisoa li-cold passes tse ngata ka intermediate annealing.
5. Kalafo ea mocheso	Ho normalizing (1050°C) + ho futhumatsa (760°C) bakeng sa T91; Alloy 28 ke tharollo e hoketsoeng nakong ea potoloho e tšoanang.
6. Ho otlolla le ho qeta	Ho otlolla ka nepo, ho seha ka bolelele, ho benya qetellong.
7. NDT le liteko	Sheba Karolo ea 4.

4. Taolo le Teko ea Boleng

Teko	Mokhoa	Sebaka	Kamohelo
Tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale	OES	Mocheso ka mong (mekhahlelo ka bobeli)	Ho latela lintlha tsa thepa
Bond UT	'Mele oohle, o bolelele ba bolelele + o beoloa	Phaephe e ntšitsoeng ka 100%	Ha ho na ho kgaolwa >50mm
Tensile @ RT	Sampole ea bolelele	Ka sehlopha	E kopana le tse khethehileng
Ho tenyetseha ha mocheso o phahameng	600°C (ha ho hlokahale)	Ka kopo	E tlalehiloe
Ho phatloha ha mokoloko	600°C / 650°C (ha ho hlokahale)	Ka kopo	E tlalehiloe
Teko ea ho batalla	Ho latela ASTM A1016	Karolo ka 'ngoe	Ha ho mapetso
Teko ea metsi a sa fetoheng	Khatello ea moralo ea 1.5 ×	Phaephe ka 'ngoe	Ha ho dutle
Tlhahlobo ea litekanyo	Li-micrometer / laser	100%	OD, Boima, bolelele
Ho bola ha di-intergranular	ASTM A262 Tloaelo E (ho Alloy 28)	Ka kopo	Ha ho tlhaselo

Litokomane:EN 10204 Mofuta wa 3.1 (o tlwaelehileng) kapa Mofuta wa 3.2 (paki ya motho wa boraro).

5. Tekanyo ea Tekanyo

OD (mm)	Boima ba ho tšehetsa (T91) (mm)	Boleng ba ho roala (Alloy 28) Boima (mm)	Bolelele bo phahameng (m)
38.1	4.0 – 8.0	1.8 – 2.5	15
44.5	5.0 – 8.0	1.8 – 2.5	15
51.0	5.0 – 10.0	2.0 – 2.8	15
63.5	5.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
76.2	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
88.9	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
101.6	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	15
114.3	6.0 – 12.0	2.0 – 3.0	12
141.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.2 – 3.5	12
168.3	8.0 – 15.0	2.5 – 3.5	12

OD e kholoanyane e ka khoneha ka ho kopanya ho roll ho chesang (seam se tjheselleditsweng) - ikopanye le rona bakeng sa dintlha tse qaqileng.

6. Likopo tse Tloaelehileng

● Liphaephe tsa boiler tse nang le mocheso o phahameng haholo / li-reheater tse nchafatsang– moo mocheso o ka lehlakoreng la khase e phallang o fetang 600°C mme lehlakore la mouoane kapa marotholi a ka hare a hloka tšireletso ea mafome.

●Liboiler tsa ho khutlisa mocheso o litšila limela tsa sulfuric acid– khase e chesang ea SO₂/SO₃ kantle, kotsi e fokolang ea ho koaleha ha asiti kahare. T91 e fana ka matla a ho thekesela; Alloy 28 e hanela tlhaselo ea asiti.

●Li-exchange tsa mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa li-hydrocarbon tse nang le chlorine– mokelikeli o ka hare o na le di-chloride le di-acid tse phelang mochesong o fihlang ho 400°C; Alloy 28 e thibela ho phunya le SCC.

●Biomass / litšila tse eang lifemeng tsa matla– khase ea flue e na le chlorine le letsoai la alkali; T91+Alloy 28 clad tube (e nang le Alloy 28 lehlakoreng la mollo) e eketsa bophelo ba tube.

●Li-cooler tsa Hydrogen reformer / syngas– tšebeletso moo mocheso o phahameng le mafome a bakoang ke litšila tse sa bonahaleng li leng teng.

7. Hobaneng Tšepe ea Womic bakeng sa T91+Alloy 28

●Kaho e se nang seamless– ha ho na moalo oa ho weld o bolelele ba nako e telele, e leng se felisang ntlha e tloaelehileng ea ho hloleha tšebeletsong ea potoloho ea mocheso o phahameng.

● Tsela e pakiloeng ea ho ntša– Re na le boiphihlelo ba ho hlahisa lipeipi tse nyane tse koahetsoeng ka lebota le lesesaane bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa boiler le exchanger ea mocheso.

● Bokhoni ba ho kobeha ha U– Ho kobeha ka serame ka kalafo ea mocheso; e ka fana ka likarolo tsa superheater tse entsoeng ka botlalo.

● Ho latela ka botlalo– Phaephe ka 'ngoe e tšoailoe ka linomoro tsa mocheso tsa T91 le Alloy 28.

● Setifikeiti– EN 10204 Mofuta wa 3.2 o a fumaneha; e ka sebetsa le TÜV, BV, kapa DNV bakeng sa ho latela melao ya boiler.

8. Lipotso tse Botsoang Khafetsa

P: Na T91+Alloy 28 e ka sebediswa bakeng sa tshebeletso ya haeterojene e nang le kgatello e phahameng?
K: T91 e kotsing ea ho qhibilihisoa ke haeterojene mochesong o phahameng. Bakeng sa tšebeletso ea haeterojene, re khothaletsa tšepe e nang le motsoako o tlase + 316L kapa Inconel 625 clad. Ikopanye le rona bakeng sa likhothaletso tse itseng.

P: Na sekoahelo sa Alloy 28 se lula se le holim'a ID?
K: Sebopeho sa rona se tloaelehileng ke Alloy 28 ho ID (lehlakoreng la mokelikeli). Bakeng sa lits'ebetso moo ho nang le ts'enyeho ea kantle (mohlala, khase e senyang ea flue e chesang ka ntle), re ka hlahisa tube e koahetsoeng ka Alloy 28 ho OD. Ka kopo hlalosa tataiso ha u odara.

P: Botenya ba bonyane ba cladding bakeng sa tlamo e tšepahalang ke bofe?
K: Bakeng sa ho ntša metsi ka mokhoa o se nang sekoli, 1.5mm ke bonyane bo sebetsang. Bakeng sa tumello e boima ea ho bola, re khothaletsa ≥2.0mm.

P: Na o ka fana ka di-U-bend?
K: E. Re etsa koba e batang ka mandrel, e lateloe ke kalafo e felletseng ea mocheso (ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho normalizing + ho futhumatsa) le 100% NDT ea karolo e kobehileng.

P: Alloy 28 e bapisoa joang le Incoloy 825?
A: Alloy 28 e na le Cr le Ni tse hodimo, Mo e tlase hanyane, mme e na le Cu. E tshwana haholo le ho hanyetsa mafome ka kakaretso. Alloy 28 hangata e theko e tlase haholo Europe; Incoloy 825 e atile haholo mererong ya di-spec tsa US. Ka bobedi di ka sebediswa bakeng sa tshebeletso e tshwanang ya asiti/chloride. Re fana ka efe kapa efe ha e kopuwa.