Thepa ea Bohlokoa (Setšehetso)
Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha (Tšehetso):SA-213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903) – tšepe e sa haneleng ho thekesela ha martensitic, 9%Cr, 1%Mo, V+Nb; mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa tšebeletso ke 650°C
Ho roala (sekoahelo sa CRA):UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / 1.4563) – alloy e phahameng ea austenitic (27%Cr, 31%Ni, 3.5%Mo, 1%Cu); PREN 38-40; e hanela sulfuric/phosphorus acid, li-chloride tse ngata, libaka tse bolila
Boholo ba Boholo:OD 38 – 168 mm; Botenya ba lebota la mantlha 4 – 15 mm; Botenya ba sekoahelo 2.0 – 3.5 mm; bolelele bo le bong ho fihlela ho 15 m
Tshebetso:Ho ntša metsi ka mocheso o chesang → ho qeta ka mocheso o batang → kalafo ea mocheso (ho normalizing+tempering bakeng sa T91, ho kenya tharollo bakeng sa Alloy 28) → ho pickling. Ho se na sekoli ka botlalo, ha ho na weld ea longitudinal. Matla a ho shear a tšepe ea tšepe ≥300 MPa.
Maemo:Karolo ea II ea ASME Karolo ea A (SA-213/SA-213M), EN10216-2 (bakeng sa T91), ASTM SB-668 (N08028), EN10088-3 (1.4563), EN12952-2, ASTM E213, ISO 10893-10.
Teko:100% hydrostatic, ultrasonic ho latela ASTM E213/ISO 10893-10, ho tensile (kamore le mocheso o phahameng), ho thatafala, ho batalatsa, hammoho le teko ea boikhethelo ea ho hlepha ha li-granular (ASTM A262 Practice E) bakeng sa ho koahela. EN 10204 Setifikeiti sa Mofuta oa 3.1 (Mofuta oa 3.2 oa boikhethelo).
Likopo:Li-superheater tsa ho qetela tsa boiler tse nang le ultra-supercritical / li-reheater (650°C), li-boiler tsa ho khutlisa mocheso o litšila limela tsa sulfuric acid, li-boiler tsa biomass/li-waste-to-energy (chlorine corrosion), li-exchange tsa mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa li-hydrocarbon tse nang le chlorine, li-heater tsa ho hloekisa tse nang le sebabole / chloride e ngata.
Tšepe ea Womice fana ka phaephe e koahetsoeng ea T91+Alloy 28 - tharollo ea ho qetela bakeng sa ho thekesela ho matla ha mocheso o phahameng le mafome a maholo. E pakiloe tlhahisong ea motlakase, limela tsa asiti, le matla a tsoetseng pele a litšila. Ho latela ka botlalo, tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro e se e loketse. Ikopanye le rona bakeng sa lintlha tsa tekheniki le khotheishene e ikhethileng ea projeke.
1. Hobaneng SA-213 T91 + UNS N08028 (Alloy 28) Clad Pipe e na le?
1.1 Phephetso
Lisebelisoa tse peli ka thoko li ke ke tsa fihlela litlhoko tse feteletseng tsa tšebeletso:
● T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1)E fana ka matla a ikhethang a ho phatloha ha ho thekesela ho fihlela ho 650°C le khanyetso e ntle ea oxidation, empa khanyetso ea eona ea ho bola libakeng tse nang le asiti, chloride e ngata, kapa bolila e lekanyelitsoe. Khase ea flue condensate (sulfuric/phosphorus acid) kapa process-side chloride e hlasela T91 kapele.
●Motsoako o Tiileng oa 28 (UNS N08028)e fana ka khanyetso e ikhethang ho sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chloride e ngata, le ho petsoha ha mafome a khatello. Leha ho le jwalo, e theko e boima mme ha e na matla a ho kgefutsa a hlokahalang bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa boiler tse nang le kgatello e phahameng le mocheso o phahameng.
1.2 Tharollo
●Phaephe e koahetsoeng ka T91+Alloy ea 28e kopanya karolo e teteaneng ea T91 (e sebetsana le khatello le ho thekesela) le lera le lesesaane la ka hare la Alloy 28 (le sebetsana le ho thothomela). Tlamo ena e entsoe ka tšepe - ha ho na ho putlama ha liner, ha ho na ho thothomela ha lepetso. Sephetho:
●T91 ea mantlhae netefatsa ho latela Karolo ea I ea ASME / EN12952 bakeng sa mocheso oa tšepe o fihlang ho 650°C.
● Sekoahelo sa motsoako oa 28E hanela ho koaheloa ha sulfuric acid, di-chloride tse ngata, le di-acid tsa organic, e sireletsa tube kahare.
●Litšenyeheloe ka tlase ka 40-60% ho feta tube e tiileng ea Alloy 28 e nang le tekanyo e lekanang ea khatello.
Motsoako ona o sebelisoa haholo ho:
●Likarolo tsa ho qetela tsa superheater/reheaterea liboiler tse chesoang ka mashala ka mokhoa o feteletseng moo mafome a lehlakoreng la khase ea flue (ka lebaka la mashala a mangata a sebabole) a neng a sebelisoa ka tloaelo ho T91 feela.
●Liboiler tsa ho khutlisa mocheso oa litšila (WHRB)tlase ho dimela tsa sulfuric acid – kgase e na le SO₃, mme nakong ya dikgwebo tse qalang, asiti e a kopana hodima diphaephe.
●Liboiler tsa biomass / liboiler tse fetohang matla– chlorine e ngata mafurang e baka mafome a maholo; Sekoahelo sa Alloy 28 lehlakoreng la mollo (kapa lehlakoreng le ka hare, ho latela sebopeho) se atolosa bophelo ba tube haholo.
●Li-exchange tsa mocheso o phahamengbakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kenyeletsang li-hydrocarbon tse nang le chlorine kapa li-acid tse chesang.
1.3 Tsela ea Tlhahiso
Ho ntša metsi ka mocheso o feteletseng + ho qeta ka serame + kalafo ea mocheso + ho phunya. Ts'ebetso ena e netefatsa hore tube e se nang seams e se nang li-weld seams tsa longitudinal, e leng ntlha e atisang ho hloleha ho sebelisoa phaepheng e koahetsoeng ka mocheso o phahameng.
2. Litlhaloso tsa Thepa – T91 Core & Alloy 28 Cladding
2.1 Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (% ka boima)
| Karolo | SA 213 T91 (Sehlohlolo) | UNS N08028 (Alloy 28 / Cladding) |
| Khabone (C) | 0.08 – 0.12 | ≤0.03 |
| Silicone (Si) | 0.20 – 0.50 | ≤0.50 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30 – 0.60 | ≤2.00 |
| Fosforase (P) | ≤0.020 | ≤0.030 |
| Sebabole (S) | ≤0.010 | ≤0.015 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 8.0 – 9.5 | 26.0 – 28.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.85 – 1.05 | 3.0 – 4.0 |
| Nikele (Ni) | ≤0.40 | 29.0 – 32.0 |
| Koporo (Cu) | — | 0.6 – 1.4 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.18 – 0.25 | — |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.06 – 0.10 | — |
| Naetrojene (N) | 0.03 – 0.07 | — |
| Tšepe (Fe) | Tekanyo | Tekanyo |
T91 ke tšepe e hanelang ho thekesela ka martensitic; Alloy 28 ke alloy e nang le austenitic e felletseng e nang le Cr, Ni, Mo, le Cu e phahameng - e fanang ka khanyetso e ikhethang ho li-acid tse fokotsang le tse oxidizing, chloride pitting, le SSC.
2.2 Thepa ea Mekaniki (Mocheso oa Kamore)
| Thepa | T91 Core | Motsoako oa 28 Cladding |
| Matla a Tekanyo (metsotso, MPa) | 415 | 220 |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso, MPa) | 585 | 500 |
| Ho lelefatsa (bonyane, %) | 20 | 30 |
| Bothata (boholo) | 250 HB | 230 HB |
2.3 Matla a ho Kena a Mocheso o Phahameng (T91 Core)
| Mocheso (°C) | Matla a ho Rutla a 100,000h (MPa) | Moeli oa ho Kena oa 0.2% (MPa) |
| 550 | 150 | 120 |
| 580 | 120 | 95 |
| 600 | 100 | 80 |
| 620 | 80 | 60 |
| 650 | 55 | 40 |
Motsoako oa 28 ha oa rereloa ho jara mojaro mochesong o phahameng; karolo ea oona ke tšireletso ea mafome feela. Karolo ea mantlha ea T91 e jara mojaro oa mechini.
2.4 Khanyetso ea ho Sila ha Motsoako oa Alloy 28 Cladding
| Tikoloho | Boemo ba Khanyetso |
| Asiti ea sulfuric (mahloriso a 0-80%, ho fihlela ho 80°C) | E babatsehang |
| Asiti ea phosphoric (mahloriso 'ohle) | E babatsehang |
| Asiti ea Hydrochloric (e hlapollang, mocheso oa kamore) | Ho lokile |
| Li-chloride (likoti / lesoba) | PREN 38-40; mocheso o boima oa ho kenya likoti (CPT) ~50°C |
| H₂S + CO₂ + dikloride (tšebeletso e bolila) | E ntle haholo; E latela melao ea NACE MR0175 |
| Li-acid tsa organic (acetic, formic, jj.) | E babatsehang |
*Alloy 28 e sebetsa hantle ho feta 316L, 904L, esita le 254SMO metswakong e mengata ya asiti le chloride.*
2.5 Sebopeho sa Bond
| Thepa | Boleng |
| Mofuta oa tlamo | Tšepe (ho hasana) |
| Matla a ho beola (sutumelletsa kantle) | ≥300 MPa (e netefatsa hore ha ho na ho arohana ha mocheso tlasa potoloho ea mocheso) |
| Moeli o amohelehang oa sekoli oa UT | Ha ho na karohano >50 mm; kakaretso ea karohano <2% ea sebaka sa sebopeho |
2.6 Sebaka sa Tekanyo
| OD (mm) | Boima ba mantlha (mm) | Boima ba ho roala (mm) | Bolelele bo phahameng (m) |
| 38.1 | 4.0 – 8.0 | 2.0 – 2.5 | 15 |
| 44.5 | 5.0 – 8.0 | 2.0 – 2.8 | 15 |
| 51.0 | 5.0 – 10.0 | 2.0 – 3.0 | 15 |
| 63.5 | 5.0 – 12.0 | 2.0 – 3.0 | 15 |
| 76.2 | 6.0 – 12.0 | 2.2 – 3.0 | 15 |
| 88.9 | 6.0 – 12.0 | 2.5 – 3.2 | 15 |
| 101.6 | 6.0 – 12.0 | 2.5 – 3.5 | 15 |
| 114.3 | 8.0 – 15.0 | 2.5 – 3.5 | 12 |
| 141.3 | 8.0 – 15.0 | 2.5 – 3.5 | 12 |
| 168.3 | 10.0 – 15.0 | 3.0 – 3.5 | 12 |
*OD e kgolo (ho fihlela ho 500 mm) e ka kgoneha ka ho kopanya ho roll hot + JCOE; ikopanye le rona bakeng sa ho fumaneha.*
3. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Extrusion e Chesang, Ho Qetella ka Serame, Phekolo ea Mocheso, Ho Khaola
Tsela ea tlhahiso e shebana ka ho khetheha le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa kalafo ea mocheso tsa martensitic T91 le austenitic Alloy 28.
| Mohato | Tlhaloso | Lintlha tsa Taolo |
| 1. Letlapa la motsoako | T91 billet bored, Alloy 28 tube insert. E koetsoe ka vacuum (<10 Pa). | Bohloeki ba bokaholimo; ho tsepamisa mohopolo |
| 2. Ho ntša metsi a chesang | 1180 1220°C, karolelano ea phokotso ≥8:1. | Mocheso, lebelo, setlolo |
| 3. Ho pholisa moea | Kamora ho ntša metsi, moea oa tube o pholile (phetoho ea martensitic e qala). | Sekhahla sa ho pholisa |
| 4. Qetello e batang | Ho hula ka mokhoa o batang / ho kgutlela morao ho ya ho dilekanyo tsa ho qetela. | Liphase tse ngata, anneal e mahareng (thapisa Alloy 28). |
| 5. Kalafo ea mocheso (e bohlokoa haholo) | Ho etsa hore mocheso o be maemong a tloaelehileng ho 1040-1060°C (moea kapa ho pholisa ka potlako) + ho futhumatsa ho 760-780°C. Sena se fihlella sebopeho sa ho qetela sa T91 microstructure (martensite e halefileng). Ka nako e le 'ngoe, sekoahelo sa Alloy 28 se kenngoa ka tharollo. | Rekoto ea sebōpi, teko ea ho thatafala |
| 6. Ho kha setshelo | Bate ea HNO₃+HF e tlosa sekala sa oxide ho T91 le Alloy 28. | Nako, mocheso, mahloriso a asiti |
| 7. Otlolla le ho seha | Ho ya ka bolelele ba ho qetela. | Ho otloloha ≤1.5mm/m |
| 8. NDT le metsi | Ka Karolo ea 4 | Ho latela ka botlalo |
| 9. Qetella ho qeta | Bevel / plain; botoro bo ikgethileng (Alloy 625 kapa Alloy 28 filler sefahlehong sa bevel). | Tekanyo |
Tšobotsi ea boleng ba bohlokoa:Kalafo ea mocheso e hlahisa motheo oa T91 o nang le matla a nepahetseng a ho kheloha le sekoahelo sa Alloy 28 se nang le khanyetso e felletseng ea mafome, tsohle ka potoloho e le 'ngoe.
4. Tlhahlobo le Teko – Ho fihlela Litlhoko tsa ASME, EN, le Bareki
Bakeng sa phaephe e koahetsoeng ka T91+Alloy 28, re kenya tshebetsong lenaneo le thata, ho kenyeletswa le diteko tse loketseng ka ho kgetheha tshebeletso ya mocheso o phahameng.
| Teko | E tloaelehileng | Sebaka | Kamohelo |
| Tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale | OES | Mocheso o mong le o mong (mokoko le sekwahelo) | ASME SA-213 T91, ASTM SB-668 |
| Ultrasonic (longitudinal & tlamo) | ASTM E213 + ISO 10893-10 | 100% | Ha ho na sekoli se lahloang, botšepehi ba tlamo |
| Teko ea metsi a sa fetoheng | ASME SA-450 / EN12952-2 | Phaephe ka 'ngoe | Ha ho dutla, katoloso ea kamehla e lokile |
| Tensile (mocheso oa kamore) | ASME / EN | Ka mocheso (karolo e ka sehloohong) | T91: YS≥415 MPa, TS≥585 MPa |
| Ho tenyetseha ha mocheso o phahameng | 600°C (ha ho hlokahale) | Ka mocheso | E tla tlalehoa (eseng bonyane) |
| Teko ea ho phatloha ha mokoloko | 600°C kapa 650°C | Ka kopo | Boikhethelo; e lefisoa ka thoko |
| Ho thatafala (mokoko le sekwahelo) | HV10 | Sehlopha | T91 ≤250 HV; Motsoako 28 ≤230 HV |
| Teko ea ho batalla | SA 450 | Ka mocheso/boholo | Ha ho mapetso ka khatello ea OD ea 2/3 |
| Ho bola ha di-intergranular | ASTM A262 Tloaelo E (ho Alloy 28) | Ka sehlopha (ha ho hlokahale) | Ha ho tlhaselo ea intergranular |
| PMI (XRF) | Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea thepa | Phaephe ka 'ngoe (ha ho hlokahale) | Netefatsa sehlopha sa motsoako |
Litokomane:EN 10204 Mofuta wa 3.1. Mofuta wa 3.2 o nang le mohlahlobi wa mokga wa boraro (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV jj.) o fumanehang.
5. Likopo ka Botlalo
5.1 Sefuthumatsi sa ho Qetela sa Boiler se Hlokahalang Haholo/Sefuthumatsi se Hlasimollang
Bothata:Khase ea mokelikeli oa mashala a nang le sebabole se phahameng e na le SO₃ eo, nakong ea mojaro o tlase kapa ho qala ha eona, e fetohang sulfuric acid holim'a lipeipi. T91 e tloaelehileng e na le likoti le tšenyo.
Tharollo:Phaephe e koahetsoeng ka T91+Alloy 28 e nang le Alloy 28 lehlakoreng la mollo (kapa kahare haeba e feta habeli). Karolo ea mantlha ea T91 e boloka matla a ho kheloha ho 600-620°C; Alloy 28 e hanela tlhaselo ea asiti. Litsi tse 'maloa tsa motlakase tsa Chaena le tsa Europe li amohetse moralo ona.
5.2 Boiler ea ho Fumana Mocheso o Lahliloeng Limeleng tsa Sulfuric Acid
Tshebetso:Khase e chesang (600°C, e nang le SO₂, SO₃) e kena ka har'a boiler ea mocheso o litšila ho hlahisa mouoane. Nakong ea ho koaloa, SO₃ e kopana le mongobo ho etsa sulfuric acid e kopaneng, e kopanang holim'a liphaephe tse batang.
Tharollo:Sekoahelo sa Alloy 28 lehlakoreng la khase (OD) kapa ID ho latela moralo. T91 e fana ka khanyetso e hlokahalang ea ho kheloha. Motsoako ona joale ke oa maemo a tloaelehileng limela tse ngata tse ncha tsa sulfuric acid.
5.3 Liboiler tsa Biomass / Li-discharge-to-Energy
Phephetso:Biomass (joang, di-chips tsa patsi, mafura a tswang ditholeng) e na le chlorine (KCl, NaCl). Ho 500-600°C, kgase ya chlorine le di-chloride di senya di-alloy tse tlwaelehileng haholo, di etsa chloride ya tshepe mme tshepe e lahlehe ka potlako.
Tharollo:Sekoahelo sa motsoako oa 28 (Ni e phahameng, Mo, Cr) se hanela tlhaselo ea chlorine. Sekoahelo sa T91 se boloka botsitso ba khatello ea boiler. Basebelisi ba tlaleha hore bophelo ba tube bo eketsehile ho tloha ho lilemo tse 1-2 ho isa ho lilemo tse 6-8 kamora ho fetohela ho lipeipi tse koahetsoeng.
5.4 Li-exchange tsa mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa li-hydrocarbon tse nang le chlorine
Mohlala:Dimeleng tsa vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), dikhase tsa tshebetso di na le di-organic tse nang le chlorine le HCl mochesong wa 400-450°C. Tshepe e sa ruseng e tlwaelehileng (304L) e hloleha ka ho kenya dikoti le SCC. Sekoahelo sa alloy 28 se fana ka kganyetso e phahameng. T91 core e fana ka matla a hlokahalang le kganyetso e thekeselang.
6. Melemo ho feta Meralo e qothisanang lehlokoa
| Mokhoa o mong | Hobaneng T91+Alloy 28 e le betere |
| Phaephe e tiileng ea T91 | E kotsing ea ho hlaseloa ke asiti e kolobisitsoeng, ho koaheloa ke mokoti le chloride. E nkeloa sebaka khafetsa. |
| Tšepe e tiileng ea motsoako oa 28 | Ho tura haholo; matla a tlaase a chai a qobella lebota le teteaneng, e leng se eketsang litšenyehelo le boima. |
| T91 e nang le weld overlay ea Alloy 28 | Ho koahela ho theko e boima, ho lieha, 'me ho thata ho ho sebelisa ka ho lekana holim'a lipeipi tse bophara bo bonyenyane; ho ka khoneha hore motsoako o hlapolloe. Ho ntša ho fana ka sekoahelo se tšoanang ka theko e tlase. |
| Phaephe e nang le metjhini | Liner e putlama tlas'a potoloho ea mocheso (e tloaelehileng ho liboiler) - ha e amohelehe bakeng sa tšebeletso ea mocheso o phahameng. |
| Phaephe e koahetsoeng ka motsoako oa 625 | Alloy 625 e theko e boima le ho feta Alloy 28 mme e ka nna ya kgethwa ho feta tekano bakeng sa dibaka tse ngata tsa asiti. Alloy 28 e fana ka tekanyo e ntle ya tshebetso ya ditjeo. |
Ho boloka litšenyehelo:Ha e bapisoa le phaephe e tiileng ea Alloy 28 ea tekanyo e tšoanang ea khatello, phaephe e koahetsoeng ea T91+Alloy 28 e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa ka50-60%(hobane T91 e na le matla a hodimo, e dumella lebota le lesesaane, mme motswako o sebediswa feela e le lesela le lesesaane).
7. Netefatso ea Boleng le ho Latelwa ha Lintho
●Ho sala morao:Li-heat tsa T91 le Alloy 28 ka bobeli lia rekotoa le ho hatisoa holim'a tube e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e felileng. Lisetifikeiti tsohle tsa mofani (3.1) lia bolokoa.
● Taolo ea ts'ebetso:Mocheso oa ho ntša metsi, lebelo la ho ntša metsi, lichate tsa kalafo ea mocheso, liparamente tsa ho hlapa ka pickling kaofela li tlalehiloe.
● Tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro:Re thusa ho paka ka SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, kapa ABS mohatong ofe kapa ofe (ho amohela thepa, ho ntša, NDT ea ho qetela). Litifikeiti tsa EN 10204 Type 3.2 li fanoe ka ho latela.
8. Sephutheloana le Thomello
●Boemo ba bokaholimo:E se e qhibilihisitsoe ebile e sa kenngoe ka metsi - e loketse ho kenngwa. Ho tlotsa ka oli kantle ho yona ha ho hlokahale.
●Tšireletso ea ho qetela:Likhakha tsa polasetiki (likhakha tsa tšepe li fumaneha bakeng sa bophara bo boholo).
●Sephutheloana:Bophara bo bonyenyane (<88.9 mm) ka har'a liphutheloana tsa hex tse nang le li-spacer tsa lehong. Bophara bo boholo bo rapame ka bonngoe.
●Setshelo:Lijana tsa 20′ kapa 40′. Bakeng sa bolelele ba >12 m, rack e bulehileng kapa e bataletseng.
●Lead time:Odara ea pele libeke tse 16-20 (ka lebaka la ho fumana alloy e khethehileng). Pheta liodara libeke tse 12-14. Lihlopha tsa liteko (100 200 m) li ka ba kapele - botsa.
9. Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa) – T91+Alloy 28 Clad Pipe
P1: Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa tšebeletso bakeng sa phaephe ena e koahetsoeng ke ofe?
A: Karolo ea mantlha ea T91 e lekantsoe bakeng sa mocheso oa tšepe ho fihlela ho650°C(1202°F) ka Karolo ea I ea ASME (matla a ho kheloha aa laola). Sekoahelo sa Alloy 28 se ka mamella mocheso o tšoanang, empa khanyetso ea sona ea ho hlepha e ka fokotseha ka holimo ho 450°C haeba tikoloho e senya haholo. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa boiler (600-620°C), ka bobeli lia amoheleha.
P2: Na Alloy 28 e loketse bakeng sa maemo a hodimo a sulfuric acid?
K: E. Alloy 28 e na le khanyetso e ntle haholo ho asiti ea sulfuric ho fihlela ho 80% le mocheso ho fihlela ho 80°C. Liboiler tsa mocheso oa litšila, asiti condensate hangata e ba 60-70% H₂SO₄ ka tlase ho 200°C - Alloy 28 e sebetsa hantle haholo.
P3: Na re ka fetola mekhahlelo – ra beha Alloy 28 ho OD le T91 ho ID?
K: E, haeba tšokelo ea ho bola e tsoa kantle (mohlala, khase ea flue ea kantle). Re ka hlahisa phaephe e koahetsoeng ka lera la CRA bophara ba kantle. Ka kopo hlalosa tataiso ka tatellano.
P4: Na o etsa liteko tsa ho tsikinyeha kapa tsa ho thekesela mochesong o phahameng?
K: Ha re di kenyelletse khafetsa, empa re ka lokisetsa disampole tse nyane tse nkiloeng ka hara tube e ntšitsoeng (e senyang) ka litšenyehelo tse ling. Bakeng sa liteko tsa ho thekesela tse bonoang ke motho oa boraro, ka kopo lumella nako e eketsehileng (libeke tse 4-6) le litšenyehelo.
P5: Ke tšepe efe e tlatsitsoeng e lokelang ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa phaephe e koahetsoeng ea T91+Alloy 28?
A: Bakeng sa ho fetisa motso (ho kopanya le ho kopanya), sebedisa Alloy 625 (ERNiCrMo-3) kapa Alloy 59 filler. Bakeng sa ho tlatsa (core T91 ho ya ho T91), sebedisa T91 filler e tshwanang (E9015-B9 kapa e tshwanang). Re kgothaletsa mokgwa wa ho tjheseletsa o tshwanelehang (WPS) bakeng sa lenonyello le leng le le leng la tshimo; Womic e ka fana ka sampole ya WPS ha e kopuwa.
P6: Na seaparo sa Alloy 28 se lumellana le NACE MR0175 bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila?
K: E. Alloy 28 (UNS N08028) e thathamisitsoe ho NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 bakeng sa mocheso o fihlang ho 450°C libakeng tse bolila. E hanela SSC le HIC. E ka sebelisoa khatellong e phahameng ea karoloana ea H₂S.
P7: Na phaephe e koahetsoeng e fumaneha e nang le lipheletso tse betlotsoeng le CRA botoro?
K: E. Sekhutlo se tloaelehileng sa bevel 30-35° ka ho lula ha 1.6 mm. Re ka sebelisa lera la botoro (Alloy 28 kapa Alloy 625) holim'a bevel, botenya ba hoo e ka bang 2-3 mm, ho thibela ho qhibiliha ha sekoahelo nakong ea ho tjheseletsa masimo.
P8: OD e tloaelehileng le botenya ba lebota bakeng sa lipeipi tsa boiler tsa biomass ke life?
A: OD e tloaelehileng 51-76 mm, boima ba mantlha 5-8 mm, sekoahelo 2-2.5 mm. Ka kopo ikopanye le rona bakeng sa litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethileng tsa boholo.
P9: Na ho lata khabone ho tloha T91 ho ya ho Alloy 28 nakong ya ho e ntsha ke taba e amehang?
K: Tjhe. Ts'ebetso ea ho ntša e etsa sebaka se senyenyane haholo sa ho hasana (hangata 5-10 μm). Sebopeho sa Alloy 28 se lula se le ka har'a litlhaloso; re netefatsa ka PMI. Kotsi ea ho sensitization ha e na thuso.
P10: Na o ka fana ka disetifikeiti tsa EN 10204 Type 3.2 bakeng sa phaephe ena e phuthetsweng?
K: E. Re ka hlophisa tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro ke TÜV, BV, DNV, kapa SGS. Ka kopo bontša nako ea odara.
10. Tlhahisoleseding ea ho Odara le ho Ikopanya le rona
Bakeng sa khotheishene hoPhaephe e koahetsoeng ka tšepe e se nang sekoli ea SA-213 T91 / UNS N08028 (Alloy 28), ka kopo fana ka:
● OD, botenya ba lebota la mantlha, botenya ba cladding
● Bolelele ka sengoathoana le bolelele bohle
● Ho Tataisa (CRA mabapi le ID kapa OD)
● Lisetifikeiti tse hlokahalang (3.1 kapa 3.2, mokhatlo oa motho oa boraro)
● Nako ea ho tlisa thepa (FOB kapa CIF)
● Liteko life kapa life tse tlatsetsang (ho thekesela, ho bola ha li-granular, ho tsitlella mocheso o phahameng)
Tšepe ea Womic – Moetsi ea ka sehloohong oa phaephe e koahetsoeng ka mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e matla le lik'hemik'hale tse hlokang matla
Webosaete: www.womicsteel.com
Imeile: sales@womicsteel.com
Mohala / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Tšepe ea Womic – Ho kopanya tšepe e hanelang ho thekesela le motsoako o hanelang ho bola ka theknoloji ea extrusion e chesang.
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