EN 10217 P235GH ERW Steel Pipe – Tube ea Sejana sa Khatello ea Mocheso o Phahameng bakeng sa Boiler le Mochini o Fetolang Mocheso

Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane:

Womic Steel e fana ka phaephe ea tšepe ea ERW ea boleng bo holimo ea EN 10217 P235GH bakeng sa merero ea khatello mochesong o phahameng. Phaephe ea khatello ea P235GH e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa meropa ea boiler, li-heat exchanger, li-superheater, li-header tsa mouoane le lijana tsa khatello. Bophara ba kantle ho tloha ho 21.3mm ho isa ho 610mm (1/2″ ho isa ho 24″), botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 2.0mm ho isa ho 20.0mm, bolelele ho fihlela ho 18m. Setifikeiti sa mochini, teko ea metsi, tlhahlobo ea UT/ET, pheletso e beveled, likhetla tsa polasetiki lia fumaneha. Ho tšoaea CE le setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.2 lia fumaneha. Theko ea tlholisano le phano e potlakileng.

Boholo ba Pipe ea Tšepe ea ERW:Bophara ba Kantle: 21.3mm-610mm (1/2″-24″), Botenya ba Lebota: 2.0mm-20.0mm, Bolelele: 6m, 12m kapa kamoo ho hlokahalang

Tekanyetso le Kereiti ea Pipe ea Tšepe ea ERW:EN 10217-2 Kereiti P235GH (1.0345); E fumaneha hape P265GH, P295GH, P355GH

Tšebeliso ea Pipe ea Tšepe ea ERW:Meropa ea boiler, li-heat exchanger, li-superheater, li-header tsa mouoane, lijana tsa khatello, liphaephe tsa mocheso o phahameng, ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso ea motlakase, lifeme tsa petrochemical, lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa, li-steam boilers, li-boiler tsa metsi a chesang, li-condenser tubes

Tšepe ea Womice fana ka litheko tsa boleng bo holimo le tse hlōlisanang tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa EN 10217 P235GH ERW, liphaephe tsa boiler, lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe, liphaephe tse sa hloekang le lisebelisoa. Setifikeiti sa fektheri, tlhahlobo ea metsi, tlhahlobo ea UT/ET, pheletso e beveled, likhetla tsa polasetiki, letšoao la CE lea fumaneha. Phano e potlakileng le tšebeletso e ntle ka ho fetisisa.


Qaqiso ea Sehlahisoa

Li-tag tsa Sehlahisoa

1. Tšepe ea Womic: Bokhoni ba Tlhahiso le Matla a Khamphani

Womic Steel Group ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong le morekisi oa kantle ho naha ea nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 20 ba ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa tšepe e sa hloekang ka khabone, motsoako le tšepe e sa hloekang. Setsi sa rona sa tlhahiso ea liphaephe tsa ERW sa sejoale-joale se akaretsa bokhoni bo felletseng ba tlhahiso bo fetang lithane tse 15,000 ka khoeli bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse kopantsoeng tse hanyetsanang le motlakase.

Boholo ba Tlhahiso bakeng sa Phaephe ea ERW ea EN 10217 P235GH:Bophara ba kantle ho tloha ho 21.3mm ho isa ho 610mm (1/2 inch ho isa ho 24 inch) ka botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 2.0mm ho isa ho 20.0mm. Bolelele bo le bong bo sa reroang ba 6m, bolelele bo habeli bo sa reroang ba 12m, kapa bolelele bo ikhethileng ha ho hlokahala.

Litifikeiti tsa Boleng le ho Latela Melao:

Setifikeiti sa ISO 9001:2015:Sistimi ea taolo ea boleng e netefatsang boleng bo tsitsitseng ba sehlahisoa mesebetsing eohle.

Ho Tšoaea CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Ho latela ka botlalo Tataiso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Khatello ea Europe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khatello. Ho tšoaea CE le Phatlalatso ea Ts'ebetso (DoP) ho fane ka tumello ea 'maraka oa Europe.

Setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.2:Setifikeiti sa Tlhahlobo 3.2 se netefalitsoe ke TÜV, LR, BV, kapa SGS bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tebileng tsa khatello tse hlokang ho latelwa ka botlalo.

Litumello tsa Tlhahlobo ea Mokha oa Boraro (TPI):Lihlahisoa le lits'ebetso tse amohetsoeng ke SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, le TÜV.

Litifikeiti tse ling:ISO 14001, ISO 45001 e fumaneha ha ho kopuoa.

Kananelo ea Lefatše ka Bophara:Womic Steel ke mofani ea tšepahalang oa bahlahisi ba liboiler, baetsi ba lijana tsa khatello, lifeme tsa motlakase le libaka tsa peterole, e sebeletsang linaha tse fetang 80 lefatšeng ka bophara.

2. EN 10217 P235GH ERW Steel Pipe: Sebopeho sa Thepa le Litšobotsi tsa Tshebetso

EN 10217 P235GH ke phala ea tšepe e sa tsoakoang e etselitsoeng merero ea khatello mochesong o phahameng. "P" e bontša morero oa khatello, "235" e bontša matla a fokolang a tlhahiso ea 235 MPa, "G" e bontša thepa e phahameng ea mocheso, 'me "H" e bontša teko ea hydraulic (khatello ea hydrostatic). Nomoro ea kereiti 1.0345 ke tlhaloso ea linomoro tlas'a EN 10027-2.

Ha ho bapisoa le P265GH (265 MPa chai) le P355GH (355 MPa chai), P235GH e fana ka matla a matle mochesong o itekanetseng ha ka nako e ts'oanang e fana ka ho tjheseletsa le ho bopeha hantle. P235GH e loketse ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele mochesong o fihlang ho 400°C, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e ratoang bakeng sa meropa ea boiler, li-heat exchanger, le lijana tsa khatello tšebeletsong e itekanetseng ea mocheso.

EN 10217 P235GH ERW Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale tsa Pipe ea Tšepe (Tlhahlobo ea Lesela, % ka boima):

Karolo C e phahameng ka ho fetisisa Si max Boholo ba Mn P max Boholo ba S Cr max Cu max Khoeli e phahameng Ha e le hantle
P235GH 0.16 0.35 1.20 0.025 0.020 0.30 0.30 0.10 0.30

*Hlokomela: Dikahare tsa aluminium (Al) e lokela ho ba bonyane ba 0.020%. Kakaretso ya Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni ha e a lokela ho feta 0.70%. Dikahare tse tlase tsa khabone le alloy e tlase di netefatsa ho tjheseletsa le ho bopeha hantle bakeng sa tlhahiso ya disebediswa tsa kgatello.*

EN 10217 P235GH ERW Litšobotsi tsa Mechini tsa Pipe ea Tšepe (Mocheso oa Kamore):

Botenya ba lebota (mm) Matla a Tekanyo (metsotso) Matla a tšepe Ho lelefatsa (metsotso)
t ≤ 16mm 235 MPa 360-500 MPa 24%
16mm < t ≤ 40mm 225 MPa 360-500 MPa 24%
40mm < t ≤ 60mm 215 MPa 360-500 MPa 23%

Ela Hloko: P235GH e boloka matla a bohlokoa ho fihlela ho 400°C. Bakeng sa mocheso o phahameng (o kaholimo ho 400°C), P265GH kapa maemo a motsoako a kang 16Mo3 aa khothaletsoa.

EN 10217 P235GH ERW Steel Pipe Mocheso o Phahameng Matla a Tekanyo:

Mocheso (°C) 100 200 300 350 400
Matla a Tlhahiso (MPa) 225 190 170 165 155

Hlokomela: Litekanyetso tsena li emela matla a fokolang a tlhahiso mochesong o phahameng, e leng se bontšang ho tšoaneleha ha P235GH bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa boiler le exchanger ea mocheso.

EN 10217 P235GH ERW Litšobotsi tsa Tšusumetso ea Pipe ea Tšepe:

Tataiso ea Teko Thempereichara Matla a Tloaelehileng (metsotso) Matla a Motho ka Mong (metsotso)
Longitudinal 0°C Li-joule tse 27 Li-joule tse 20
Ho fapanyetsana 0°C Li-joule tse 27 Li-joule tse 20

*Hlokomela: Teko ea tšusumetso e tlameha ho etsoa bakeng sa P235GH tlas'a EN 10217-2. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa mocheso o tlase ka tlase ho 0°C, P235GH hangata ha e hlalosoe.*

3. EN 10217 P235GH ERW Tšepe ea Pipe ea Litekanyo le ho Latela Melao

Tšepe ea Womic e fana ka liphaephe tsa EN 10217 P235GH ERW ho pholletsa le sephara se seholo, e lumellana ka botlalo le maemo a EN 10217-2:2024.

Ntho Tlhaloso
E tloaelehileng EN 10217-2:2024 (Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tjheseditsweng bakeng sa merero ya kgatello - Diphaephe tsa tshepe tse seng tsa motswako le tse kopantsoeng tse nang le thepa e boletsweng ya mocheso o phahameng)
Sehlopha P235GH (1.0345)
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso Ho Wellisa ka Motlakase o Hanelang ho Hleka (ERW) / Ho Wellisa ka Maqhubu a Phahameng (HFW)
Sebaka sa Bophara ba Kantle 21.3mm – 610mm (1/2 inch – 24 inch)
Botenya ba Lebota 2.0mm – 20.0mm
Bolelele 6m (SR), 12m (DR), kapa bolelele bo ikhethileng ho fihlela ho 18m
Boemo ba ho Romela E tjheseditswe/E tlwaelehileng (+N)
Qetello ea ho Qetela Qetello e se nang letho (PE) / Qetello e Beveled (BE)
Qetello ea Bokaholimo E hlobotse / e tlotsitsoe ka oli / e koahetsoeng ka botšo
Sehlopha sa Tlhahlobo TC1 (setifikeiti sa 2.2) / TC2 (setifikeiti sa 3.1 se nang le NDT)
Mamello OD: ±1.0% / Boima: ±10% / Bolelele: +50mm -0mm

4. Litekanyo le Litlhaloso tse Fumanehang - Pipe ea Tšepe ea ERW

NB

Boholo

OD

mm

SCH40S

mm

SCH5S

mm

SCH10S

mm

SCH10

mm

SCH20

mm

SCH40

mm

SCH60

mm

XS/80S

mm

SCH80

mm

SCH100

mm

SCH120

mm

SCH140

mm

SCH160

mm

SCHXXS

mm

6

1/8”

10.29

   

1.24

   

1.73

   

2.41

         

8

1/4”

13.72

   

1.65

   

2.24

   

3.02

         

10

3/8”

17.15

   

1.65

   

2.31

   

3.20

         

15

1/2”

21.34

2.77

1.65

2.11

   

2.77

 

3.73

3.73

     

4.78

7.47

20

3/4”

26.67

2.87

1.65

2.11

   

2.87

 

3.91

3.91

     

5.56

7.82

25

1”

33.40

3.38

1.65

2.77

   

3.38

 

4.55

4.55

     

6.35

9.09

32

1 1/4”

42.16

3.56

1.65

2.77

   

3.56

 

4.85

4.85

     

6.35

9.70

40

1 1/2”

48.26

3.68

1.65

2.77

   

3.68

 

5.08

5.08

     

7.14

10.15

50

2”

60.33

3.91

1.65

2.77

   

3.91

 

5.54

5.54

     

9.74

11.07

65

2 1/2”

73.03

5.16

2.11

3.05

   

5.16

 

7.01

7.01

     

9.53

14.02

80

3”

88.90

5.49

2.11

3.05

   

5.49

 

7.62

7.62

     

11.13

15.24

90

3 1/2”

101.60

5.74

2.11

3.05

   

5.74

 

8.08

8.08

         

100

4”

114.30

6.02

2.11

3.05

   

6.02

 

8.56

8.56

 

11.12

 

13.49

17.12

125

5”

141.30

6.55

2.77

3.40

   

6.55

 

9.53

9.53

 

12.70

 

15.88

19.05

150

6”

168.27

7.11

2.77

3.40

   

7.11

 

10.97

10.97

 

14.27

 

18.26

21.95

200

8”

219.08

8.18

2.77

3.76

 

6.35

8.18

10.31

12.70

12.70

15.09

19.26

20.62

23.01

22.23

250

10”

273.05

9.27

3.40

4.19

 

6.35

9.27

12.70

12.70

15.09

19.26

21.44

25.40

28.58

25.40

300

12”

323.85

9.53

3.96

4.57

 

6.35

10.31

14.27

12.70

17.48

21.44

25.40

28.58

33.32

25.40

350

14”

355.60

9.53

3.96

4.78

6.35

7.92

11.13

15.09

12.70

19.05

23.83

27.79

31.75

35.71

 

400

16”

406.40

9.53

4.19

4.78

6.35

7.92

12.70

16.66

12.70

21.44

26.19

30.96

36.53

40.49

 

450

18”

457.20

9.53

4.19

4.78

6.35

7.92

14.27

19.05

12.70

23.83

29.36

34.93

39.67

45.24

 

500

20”

508.00

9.53

4.78

5.54

6.35

9.53

15.09

20.62

12.70

26.19

32.54

38.10

44.45

50.01

 

550

22”

558.80

9.53

4.78

5.54

6.35

9.53

 

22.23

12.70

28.58

34.93

41.28

47.63

53.98

 

600

24”

609.60

9.53

5.54

6.35

6.35

9.53

17.48

24.61

12.70

30.96

38.89

46.02

52.37

59.54

 

650

26”

660.40

9.53

   

7.92

12.70

   

12.70

           

Hlokomela: Botenya ba lebota bo ka fapana ho latela bophara ba phaephe le bokgoni ba tlhahiso. Ditekanyo tse ikgethileng ka ntle ho sebaka sena di a fumaneha ha o di kopa.

5. Maemo a Tloaelehileng a Pipe ea Tšepe ea ERW a Hlahisitsoeng ke Tšepe ea Womic

E tloaelehileng

Meputso e Tloaelehileng

Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng

API 5L (Litlhaloso tsa Pipe ea Mohala)    
API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 Phetisetso ea oli le khase, liphaephe tsa leoatleng/lebopong
Pipe ea Mohala oa ASTM le Pipe ea Sebopeho    
ASTM A53 (Litlhaloso tsa Phaephe, Tšepe, e Ntšo le e Chesang, e Koahetsoeng ka Zinki, e Welded le e se nang Seam) GR.A, GR.B Metsi, khase, mouoane, moea, lits'ebetso tsa sebopeho
ASTM A135 (Litlhaloso tsa Pipe ea Tšepe e Welded e Haneloang ke Motlakase) GR.A, GR.B Litšebeletso tsa metsi, khase, mouoane, fektheri ea ho hloekisa
ASTM A252 (Litlhaloso tsa Liqubu tsa Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tse Welded le tse se nang Seamless) GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 Ho bokella metheo, ho bokella metheo ea leoatleng, motheo oa borokho
ASTM A500 (Litlhaloso tsa Tubing ea Sebopeho sa Tšepe ea Khabone e Entsoeng ka Moqomo e Batang le e se Nang Molumo) GR.A, GR.B, GR.C Liphaephe tsa meaho, liforeimi tsa meaho, marokho
ASTM A501 (Litlhaloso tsa Tubing ea Sebopeho sa Tšepe ea Khabone e Chesitsoeng ka Mocheso le e se Nang Seamless) GR.A, GR.B Lisebelisoa tse boima tsa meaho, likholomo, li-trusses
Sesebelisi sa Boiler le Mocheso sa ASTM (ERW)    
ASTM A178 (Litlhaloso tsa Tšepe ea Khabone e Welded e Haneloang ke Motlakase le Li-boiler tsa Tšepe ea Khabone-Manganese) Sehlopha sa A, C, D Liphaephe tsa boiler, liphaephe tsa superheater
ASTM A214 (Litlhaloso tsa Mochini oa Mocheso oa Tšepe ea Khabone e Welded le Li-Tube tsa Condenser tse Haneloang ke Motlakase) Li-exchange tsa mocheso, li-condensers
ASTM A250 (Litlhaloso tsa Boiler ea Tšepe ea Ferritic Alloy e Welded le Li-Tubes tsa Superheater tse Haneloang ke Motlakase) T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 Boiler le superheater e nang le mocheso o phahameng
ASTM A334 (Litlhaloso tsa Liphaephe tsa Khabone le Tšepe tse se Nang Seamless le tse Welded bakeng sa Tšebeletso ea Mocheso o Tlase) GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 Tšebeletso ea mocheso o tlase, cryogenic
Maemo a EN / DIN / BS    
EN 10217-1 (Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tjheseditsweng bakeng sa merero ya kgatello - Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse seng tsa alloy tse nang le thepa e boletsweng ya mocheso wa kamore) P235TR1, P265TR1 Methapo ea khatello, meropa ea boiler, liphaephe tsa khatello e phahameng
EN 10217-2 (Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tjheseditsweng bakeng sa merero ya kgatello - Diphaephe tsa tshepe tse seng tsa motswako le tsa motswako tse nang le thepa e boletsweng ya mocheso o phahameng) P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH Mocheso o phahameng, liphaephe tsa boiler, li-exchange tsa mocheso
EN 10219-1 (Likarolo tse se nang letho tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka thapo tse entsoeng ka serame bakeng sa merero ea sebopeho) S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H Lisebelisoa tsa meaho, kaho ea meaho, marokho
EN 10210 (Likarolo tse se nang letho tse hahiloeng ka sebopeho tse chesang tsa litšepe tse se nang motsoako le tsa lijo-thollo tse ntle) S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH Likarolo tse se nang sekoli/tse nang le masoba tse entsoeng ka ho tjheseletsa tse bopilweng ka mocheso bakeng sa merero ya meaho, kaho ya meaho, marokho
EN 10025-2 (Lihlahisoa tse phuthoang ka mocheso tsa litšepe tsa sebopeho - Litšepe tsa sebopeho tse seng tsa motsoako) S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, Mesebetsi ea tšepe ea meaho ka kakaretso, boenjiniere ba sechaba
EN 10255 (Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sa sebeliseng motsoako tse loketseng ho tjheseletsa le ho kenya khoele) S195T, S235JRTH Metsi, khase, likhoerekhoere, litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tse nang le khoele
EN 10305-2 (Liphaephe tsa tšepe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng - Liphaephe tse huloang tse batang tse welletsoeng) E215, E235, E355 Lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, li-cylinder tsa hydraulic
BS 1387 (Litlhaloso tsa lipeipi tsa tšepe tse nang le li-screw le socket le li-tube) Sehlopha sa A, B, C Metsi, khase, mouoane, sekala, phaephe e nang le khoele
DIN 2458 (Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tjheseditsweng le disebediswa - Maemo a akaretsang a phano ya tekheniki) St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 Lipeipi tsa tšepe tse tjhisitsweng ka kakaretso, lits'ebetso tsa sebopeho
Maemo a ISO le a Mang    
ISO 3183 (Liindasteri tsa Petroleum le Khase ea Tlhaho - Phaephe ea Tšepe bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa lipalangoang tsa liphaephe) L245, L290, L360, L415 Liphaephe tsa oli le khase (ISO e lekanang le API 5L)
ISO 65 (Liphaephe tsa tšepe bakeng sa metsi, khase le likhoerekhoere - Liphaephe tse nang le khoele) Bohareng, Boima Metsi, khase, likhoerekhoere, phaephe e nang le khoele
CSA G40.21 (Tšepe ea boleng ba sebopeho - maemo a Canada) 44W, 50W Litšebeliso tsa meaho (Canada)
AS 1163 (Likarolo tse se nang letho tsa tšepe ea sebopeho - maemo a Australia) C250, C350, C450 Likarolo tse se nang letho tsa sebopeho (Australia)
GOST 10706 (Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse qhibilihisitsoeng bakeng sa liphaephe le meaho - maemo a Russia) St20, St35, St45 Liphaephe, lits'ebetso tsa sebopeho (Russia)

Tšebeliso:Phetiso ea oli le khase, metsi le likhoerekhoere, merero ea meaho, scaffolding, motheo oa liphutheloana, mokelikeli o nang le khatello e phahameng, ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso ea motlakase, kaho, boenjiniere ba likepe, lipeipi tsa boiler, li-heat exchanger, li-superheater, li-condenser, tšebeletso ea mocheso o tlase, lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng, li-cylinder tsa hydraulic, litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tse nang le khoele

6. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Pipe ea Tšepe ea ERW / HFW

Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala:Likhoele tsa tšepe tse kenang li netefalitsoe bakeng sa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mechini le boleng ba bokaholimo. Khoele ka 'ngoe e abeloa nomoro e ikhethang ea mocheso bakeng sa ho sala morao ka botlalo.

Ho phutholla le ho batalatsa:Likhoele lia kobeha le ho batalatsoa ho batalatsa moqolo le ho tlosa sete ea khoele, ho netefatsa hore e bataletse ka ho lekana bakeng sa ho thehoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang.

Ho Sila le ho Seha Edge:Mathoko ka bobeli a leqhetsoana a siloa ho fihlela a mamellana ka bophara bo nepahetseng (± 0.5mm), e leng se etsang hore ho be le bokaholimo bo hloekileng, bo bapileng bakeng sa ho thehwa ha weld ea boleng bo holimo.

Ho Theha ha Serame:Moqolo o bataladitsweng o feta hara meqolo e etsang meqolo e bopang moqolo o bataletseng butle-butle hore e be khetla e bulehileng ya sedikadikwe.

Ho Wellisa ka Maqhubu a Phahameng (HFW/ERW):Motlakase o phahameng (200-500 kHz) o futhumatsa mathoko a ho kopana ho fihlela mochesong wa forging (1,350-1,500°C). Meqolo ya ho tobetsa e hatella mathoko a futhumaditsweng hammoho, e leng se etsang weld e entsweng ntle le thepa ya ho tlatsa.

Ho Tloswa ha Lifaha tse Welded:Leseli la kahare le la kantle le tlosoa ka ho tjhesa ha mahare a khabide, e leng se etsang hore bokaholimo bo be boreledi bo nang le matla a fokolang a ho tjheseletsa.

Boholo:Phaephe e tjheseditsweng e feta hara meqolo e boholo ho fihlella mamello e nepahetseng ya OD (± 0.5% ho isa ho ± 1.0%). Meqolo e meng e hlahisa dibopeho tse sekwere/tse khutlonnetsepa haeba ho hlokahala.

Kalafo ea Mocheso (Boikhethelo):Ho etsa hore mocheso oa 890-930°C o be boemong bo tloaelehileng ho ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ho tsitsa ha mocheso kapa ho imolla khatello ea maikutlo, ho hlahisa sebopeho se senyenyane sa ferrite-pearlite.

Ho Seha ho fihlela Bolelele:Phaephe e sehwa ka bolelele bo boletsweng ho sebediswa disakha tse sehiloeng tse fofang ka taolo e nepahetseng (±3mm).

Teko e sa Senyeheng:

Teko ea Ultrasonic (UT):Tlhahlobo ea 100% ea seam ea weld le 'mele oa phaephe bakeng sa li-lamination, li-inclusions, le khaello ea ho kopana.

Teko ea Hona Joale ea Eddy (ET):Tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ea boleng ba ho tjheseletsa inthaneteng.

Teko ea Hydrostatic:Phaephe e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e lekiloe ho 95% ea SMYS bonyane metsotsoana e 10.

Qetella Qetello:Lipheletso tse se nang letho, lipheletso tse betliloeng (30°-35° ka ho lulisa ha 1.6mm), kapa lipheletso tse nang le khoele ho latela litlhaloso tsa moreki.

Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela le ho Tšoaea:Tlhahlobo ea pono, netefatso ea litekanyo (OD, WT, bolelele, ho otloloha), le ho tšoaea ho sa feleng ho latela maemo (sehlopha, boholo, nomoro ea mocheso, moetsi).

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7. Mekhoa ea Taolo le Liteko tsa Boleng

Sethaleng Mokhoa oa Tlhahlobo Morero
Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale (OES Spectrometer) Netefatsa ho latela meeli ea sebopeho sa API 5L
Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe Teko ea ho Tenyetseha Netefatsa chai, matla a ho thapolla, le bolelele
Ts'ebetsong Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyo (Micrometer, Calipers) Lekola OD, WT nakong ea ho bopa le ho lekanya boholo
Sebaka sa ho Weld Teko ea Ultrasonic (UT) - Inthaneteng Lemoha ho se tsitse ha weld, ho hloka ho kopanngoa
Sebaka sa ho Weld Teko ea Hona Joale ea Eddy (ET) - Inthaneteng Tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele ea boleng ba seam ea weld
Sebaka sa ho Weld Tlhahlobo e kholo ea Seam ea Weld Netefatsa ho kenella ha weld le geometry ea ho kopanya
Phaephe e felileng Teko ea Hydrostatic (metsotso e 10 ho 95% SMYS) Netefatsa botšepehi ba khatello le ho tiea ha ho dutla
Phaephe e felileng Teko ea Ultrasonic (UT) - Off-Inthaneteng (Boikhethelo) Tlhahlobo ea laminar ea 'mele oohle
Phaephe e felileng Tlhahlobo ea Likaroloana tsa Magnetic (MPI) Ho lemoha mapetso a bokaholimo (ho tjheseletsa le HAZ)
Phaephe e felileng Teko ea Tšusumetso ea Charpy V-Notch Netefatsa ho tiea ha mocheso o tlase (PSL2)
Phaephe e felileng Teko ea ho tiea (HRC / HV10) Netefatsa meeli e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho thatafala (tšebeletso e bolila)
Phaephe e felileng Teko e Tataisoang ea ho Kobeha (Sefahleho le Motso) Netefatsa ho ductility le ho hlaka ha weld
Phaephe e felileng Teko ea ho Batalatsa Netefatsa ho ductility le molumo oa 'mele oa phaephe
Phaephe e felileng Tlhahlobo ea Tekanyo le ea Pono Netefatsa OD, WT, bolelele, ho otloloha, boleng ba bokaholimo
Phaephe e felileng Netefatso ea ho tšoaea Netefatsa hore ho na le letšoao la kamehla ka API 5L

Liteko tse ling bakeng sa PSL2 / Tšebeletso e Bolila:

● Teko ea HIC (Hydrogen Induced Peaking) ho latela NACE TM0284

● Teko ea SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) ho latela NACE TM0177 Mokhoa oa A

● Teko ea Tšusumetso ea CVN ho -10°C, -20°C, kapa -46°C

● Netefatso ea ho tiea (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 bakeng sa ho hanela HIC)

Litokomane tsa Boleng:

● Setifikeiti sa Teko ea Mill ho latela EN 10204 Mofuta oa 2.2, 3.1, kapa 3.2

● Tlaleho ea Teko ea Hydrostatic (phaephe ka phaephe)

● Tlaleho ea Tlhahlobo ea UT / ET

Ho sala morao ho tloha palong ea mocheso ho ea phaepheng e felileng

8. Likopo tsa mantlha tsa ERW Steel Pipe

Liphaephe tsa ERW ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa phetisong ea oli le khase le lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri:

Phetisetso ea Oli le Khase:Liphaephe tse tsamaeang sebaka se selelele lebōpong le lebōpong la leoatle bakeng sa oli e tala, khase ea tlhaho le lihlahisoa tsa peterole tse hloekisitsoeng.

Sepalangoang sa Mokelikeli o Matla a Phahameng:Mehala ea ho kenya metsi, litsamaiso tsa ho lahla metsi tse hlahisitsoeng, le phetisetso ea mokelikeli o nang le khatello e phahameng masimong a oli le litsing tsa ts'ebetso.

Merero ea Liphaephe tsa Lebōpo la Leoatle:Mehala ea ho bokella libaka tse tšelang naha, mela ea literene, le liphaephe tsa kabo masimong a oli le khase.

Mekhoa ea Liphaephe tsa Offshore:Methapo ea phallo ea likepe tse ka tlas'a leoatle, li-riser, le liphaephe tsa kantle ho naha bakeng sa liforomo tsa leoatle le ho phethoa ha likepe tse ka tlas'a leoatle (ka PSL2 le likhetho tsa tšebeletso e bolila).

Tikoloho ea Litšebeletso tse Bolila:Liphaephe tse sebetsanang le khase e metsi e bolila (e nang le H₂S) tse hlokang PSL2 tse nang le litlhoko tse eketsehileng ho kenyeletsoa le khanyetso ea HIC le SSC ho latela maemo a NACE.

Phetisetso ea Metsi:Liphaephe tsa phepelo ea metsi tse bophara bo boholo, litsamaiso tsa nosetso, le phetiso ea metsi a tala bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea masepala le ea indasteri.

Tlhokomelo ea Likhoerekhoere le Metsi a Litšila:Methapo ea ho ntša metsi a litšila, liphaephe tsa fektheri ea kalafo, le litsamaiso tsa ho sebetsana le seretse.

Likopo tsa Meaho ea Liindasteri:Liraka tsa liphaephe, litšehetso, tšehetso le likarolo tsa sebopeho lifemeng tsa ho hloekisa, lifemeng tsa petrochemical le litsing tsa indasteri.

Libaka tsa ho Sebetsa Oli le Khase:Methapo ea phallo, lihlooho, li-manifold, le liphaephe tse hokahaneng lifemeng tsa ts'ebetso le liteisheneng tsa compressor.

EPC le Liphaephe tsa Limela:Liphaephe tsa ts'ebetso le tsa ts'ebeliso libakeng tsa ho hloekisa, lifemeng tsa ts'ebetso ea khase, lik'hemik'hale le lits'ebeletso tsa tlhahiso ea motlakase.

9. Sephutheloana le Thomello

Liphaephe tsa ERW lia phutheloa le ho romelloa ka hloko e kholo ho netefatsa tšireletso ea tsona nakong ea lipalangoang. Tlhaloso ea mokhoa oa ho paka le ho romela thepa ke ena:

Sephutheloana:

Sekoahelo se Sireletsang:Pele ho pakoa, liphaephe li ka 'na tsa tlotsoa ka lera le lesesaane la oli e thibelang mafome kapa varnish e sireletsang ho thibela mafome a bokaholimo le ho oxidation nakong ea polokelo le phetisetso. Qetello e hlobotseng e boetse e fumaneha bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hang-hang ha ho koaheloa.

Ho kopanya:Liphaephe tsa boholo le litlhaloso tse tšoanang li kopanngoa hammoho ka hloko ka lihlopha tse nang le mahlakore a tšeletseng kapa a khutlonnetsepa. Li khomaretsoe ka ho sebelisa lithapo tsa tšepe (hangata lithapo tse 3-5 ka sehlopha) ho thibela ho sisinyeha ka har'a sehlopha.

Li-cap tsa ho qetela:Likoahelo tsa polasetiki (PE kapa PP) li beoa lipheletsong ka bobeli tsa phaephe ka 'ngoe ho sireletsa lipheletsong tse betlotsoeng, lipheletsong tse se nang letho, le likhokahano tse nang le khoele khahlanong le tšenyo ea tšusumetso, ho kena ha litšila le mongobo.

Ho betla le ho roka:Bakeng sa diotara tsa boleng bo hodimo tsa ho romela thepa kantle ho naha, thepa ya ho tlama e kang masale a foam kapa di-strips tsa rabara e ka sebediswa pakeng tsa mealo ya diphaephe ho thibela tshenyo le ho roala ha lesela nakong ya ho sebetsana le yona.

Likereiti kapa Likhechana tsa Lehong:Bakeng sa liphaephe tse nang le mabota a masesaane, liphaephe tse nepahetseng, kapa litaelo tsa ho roala tse ntle, liphaephe li ka 'na tsa pakoa ka har'a mabokose a tiileng a lehong kapa mabokoseng a plywood ho fana ka tšireletso e matla khahlanong le matla a kantle le ho tšoaroa ka thata.

Ho tsamaisa ka sekepe:

Mokhoa oa Lipalangoang:Liphaephe li romelloa ka likepe tsa lijana (20ft/40ft), lijari tse kholo, kapa thepa ea terene ho latela moo e eang teng, bophahamo le potlako. Thepa ea moea e fumaneha bakeng sa thepa ea sampole kapa ea bohlokoa ka nako.

Ho kenya ka har'a lijana:Liodara tse nyane ho isa ho tse mahareng tse kentsweng ka har'a lijana tse tloaelehileng tsa ho romela thepa, tse sireletsang thepa ho boemo ba leholimo, mongobo le litšila tse tsoang kantle nakong ea lipalangoang.

Ho kenya Sekepe se Seholo:Liodara tse kholo (hangata lithane tse ka holimo ho 200) li kenngoa ka ho toba ka har'a lijari tse kholo. Libalaka tsa ho phahamisa le li-spreader bars li thibela tšenyo; ho qhaqha le ho qhaqha thepa e sireletsehileng khahlanong le ho sisinyeha ha leoatle.

Ho Ngola le ho Fana ka Litokomane:Sephutheloana se seng le se seng se ngotsweng ka ho hlaka ka kereiti, maemo a tloaelehileng, litekanyo, nomoro ea mocheso, le litaelo tsa ho sebetsana le thepa. Litokomane tse felletseng (invoice ea khoebo, lethathamo la ho paka, bili ea thepa, Setifikeiti sa Tšimoloho, Litifikeiti tsa Teko ea Mill) li lokisitsoe bakeng sa ho tlosoa ha thepa ka mokhoa o boreleli.

Ho tiisa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng:Liphutheloana tse tlamiloeng ka marapo a tšepe, mekotla ea dunnage, kapa litšepe tsa mapolanka ho thibela ho sutha, ho pitikoa, kapa ho senyeha nakong ea ho tsamaea.

Ho Latela le Inshorense:Linomoro tsa ho latela lijana li fanoe bakeng sa ho beha leihlo ka nako ea sebele. Inshorense ea thepa ea likepe (Likotsi Tsohle kapa Ka Karolelano) e fumaneha ha ho kopuoa.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, Womic Steel e netefatsa hore liphaephe tsohle tsa ERW Steel li phuthetsoe ka mehato ea tšireletso e etellang pele indastering 'me li romeloa ka mekhoa e tšepahalang ea lipalangoang ho fihla moo li eang teng li le boemong bo botle. Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho paka le ho romela thepa e bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi le boleng ba lihlahisoa tse tlisoang.

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10. Melemo le Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa ka Tšepe ea Womic

Hobaneng o ka sebelisana le Womic Steel?

Lebenkele la Sebaka se le Seng:Mefuta e felletseng ho tloha liphaepheng tsa API 5L ERW ho ea ho li-fittings tsa liphaephe tsa OEM tse tšoanang (Li-elbow, Li-Tee, Li-Reducer, Li-Flanges, Li-Caps) ka mekhahlelo e lumellanang ea thepa, ho kenyeletsoa tšepe ea carbon, tšepe ea alloy le tšepe e sa hloekang.

Ho Latela Melao ea Tekheniki:Litifikeiti tsa Teko e Felletseng ea Mill (EN 10204 Type 2.2, 3.1, kapa 3.2) li fanoa ka thomello e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, li hlalosa sebopeho se nepahetseng sa lik'hemik'hale, liphetho tsa liteko tsa mechini, le litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo tse sa senyeheng.

Litšebeletso tse Ekelitsoeng Boleng:Ho bevel ha mahlakore (30°-35°), ho kopanya khoele le ho kopanya, ho kenya dikoahelo tsa polasetiki, le ho kwahela ho thibelang tshenyo (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing) di fumaneha ka tlung kapa ka dibaka tsa balekane ba tshwanelehang.

Thepa ea Tlholisano:Tšebelisano-'moho ea maano le barekisi ba thepa ba lefats'e ka bophara e netefatsa hore ho jarisoa ha likhonteinara ho ntlafalitsoe (ho eketsa bongata ka sekhonteinara) le ho romelloa ha thepa lefatšeng ka bophara ka litšenyehelo tse tlase ka linako tse tšepahalang tsa lipalangoang.

Setoko le ho fumaneha ha sona:Setoko se seholo sa boholo bo tloaelehileng ba API 5L X52 (2"-24" OD, Kemiso ea 10-80) se netefatsa linako tse khutšoane tsa ho etella pele le karabelo e potlakileng litlhokong tse potlakileng tsa projeke. Boholo bo ikhethileng bo hlahisoa ha ho hlokahala ka nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele ea matsatsi a 30-45.

Bokhoni ba Tšebeletso e Bolila:Bokhoni bo felletseng ba ho fana ka liphaephe tsa PSL2 ka liteko tsa HIC le SSC ho latela maemo a NACE bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khase e bolila. Ho thatafala ho laoloa ho ≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.

Khetha Womic Steel Group e le molekane oa hau ea tšepahalang bakeng sa Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tsa API 5L X52 ERW tsa boleng bo holimo le ts'ebetso e sa hlōloeng ea ho fana ka thepa. Rea u amohela ho botsa!

Webosaete: www.womicsteel.com

Imeile: sales@womicsteel.com

Mohala/WhatsApp/WeChat:

Victor: +86-15575100681

Jack: +86-18390957568

 

Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa)

P: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa EN 10217 P235GH le EN 10216 P235GH?

A: Likoahelo tsa EN 10217ho tjheseletsalipeipi tsa tšepe (mokhoa oa ERW/HFW), ha EN 10216 e koahelaseamlesslipeipi tsa tšepe. Litekanyetso ka bobeli li totobatsa sehlopha sa P235GH ka litlhoko tse tšoanang tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa mechini. EN 10217 (e tjheseletsoeng) ka kakaretso e theko e tlaase haholoanyane 'me e fumaneha ka bolelele bo bolelele. EN 10216 (e se nang seam) ea hlokahala bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse phahameng tsa khatello kapa moo seam ea weld e sa lumelloang ke khoutu ea moralo. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa boiler le tsa sejana sa khatello, ka bobeli lia amoheleha; leha ho le joalo, seamless hangata e khethoa bakeng sa ts'ebeletso ea bohlokoa ea khatello e phahameng.

P: Mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa oa ts'ebetso bakeng sa P235GH ke ofe?

A: P235GH e loketse ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele mochesong o fihlang ho400°CBakeng sa mocheso o pakeng tsa 400°C le 500°C, ho kgothaletswa P265GH kapa 16Mo3 (tshepe e kopantsoeng). Bakeng sa mocheso o ka hodimo ho 500°C, ho lokela ho nahanelwa ka maemo a hodimo a alloy jwalo ka 13CrMo4-5 kapa 10CrMo9-10. Kamehla sheba dikhoutu tse sebetsang tsa moralo (EN 13445, ASME Karolo ya I, jj.) bakeng sa meedi e itseng ya mocheso e itshetlehileng hodima botenya ba lebota le maemo a tshebeletso.

P: Na P235GH e ka sebediswa bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa Khoutu ya ASME?

A: P235GH ha e thathamisitsoe ka ho toba Karolong ea II ea ASME (litlhaloso tsa thepa ea ASME). Leha ho le joalo, e amoheloa haholo bakeng sa merero ea machaba tlas'a maemo a EN. Bakeng sa ho hatakela Khoutu ea ASME, thepa e lekanang e kenyelletsa SA-106 GR.B (e se nang seamless) kapa SA-53 GR.B (e tjheseletsoeng) ka thepa e tšoanang empa moralo o fapaneng o lumelloa. Bakeng sa merero e hlokang thepa ea ASME, re ka fana ka SA-106 GR.B kapa SA-178 GR.A e le mekhoa e meng. Ka kopo fana ka tlhaloso ea projeke ea hau bakeng sa khetho e nepahetseng ea thepa.

P: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa P235GH le P265GH?

A: P235GH e na le matla a fokolang a tlhahiso a 235 MPa, ha P265GH e na le 265 MPa (matla a phahameng). P235GH e fana ka sebopeho se betere le ho kgona ho weldwa ka lebaka la dikahare tse tlase tsa khabone (0.16% max vs 0.20% max). P235GH hangata e sebediswa bakeng sa ditshebediso tse mahareng tsa mocheso/kgatello (meropa ya boiler, di-heat exchanger). P265GH e sebediswa bakeng sa ditshebediso tse phahameng tsa kgatello moo matla a eketsehileng a hlokahalang. Ka bobedi di na le meedi e tshwanang ya mocheso o phahameng (400°C).

P: Ke liteko life tse sa senyeheng (NDT) tse hlokahalang bakeng sa EN 10217 P235GH?

A: Bakeng sa TC1 (Sehlopha sa 1 sa Teko): Tlhahlobo ea pono le tlhahlobo ea hydrostatic e hlokahala. Bakeng sa TC2 (Sehlopha sa 2 sa Teko): Tlhahlobo ea pono, tlhahlobo ea hydrostatic, le tlhahlobo ea 100% e sa senyeheng (UT kapa ET) ea weld seam. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tebileng tsa khatello, TC2 hangata e hlalosoa. Womic Steel e ka fana ka maemo a TC1 le TC2. Bakeng sa setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.2, TC2 e nang le bopaki ba motho oa boraro hangata ea hlokahala.

P: Bolelele bo boholo bo fumanehang bakeng sa phaephe ea EN 10217 P235GH ERW ke bofe?

K: Re fana ka bolelele bo tloaelehileng ba limithara tse 6 le limithara tse 12 (hoo e ka bang maoto a 20 le a 40) bakeng sa bophara bo fihlang ho 610mm (24"). Bakeng sa bophara bo bonyenyane (ka tlase ho 168mm / 6"), bolelele bo ikhethileng bo fihlang ho limithara tse 18 (maoto a 60) boa fumaneha ha ho kopuoa. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa boiler le exchanger ea mocheso tse hlokang bolelele bo itseng ba U-bend, re ka hokahanya le lits'ebeletso tsa balekane tsa ho koba. Ka kopo fana ka litlhoko tsa hau tse khethehileng tsa bolelele.

P: Na o ka fana ka tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro bakeng sa liphaephe tsa EN 10217 P235GH?

K: E. Re amohela le ho thusa ho hlahloba ke DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, kapa moemeli ofe kapa ofe ea khethiloeng ke moreki nakong ea tlhahiso (ho bona tlhahlobo ea hydrotest, UT/ET, tlhahlobo ea litekanyo) le pele ho thomello. 3.2 Lisetifikeiti tsa tlhahlobo tse netefalitsoeng ke mekhatlo ea motho oa boraro e lumelletsoeng li fanoa khafetsa ha ho kopuoa. Bakeng sa ho latela litaelo tsa lisebelisoa tsa khatello ea Europe (PED), re fana ka letšoao la CE le Phatlalatso ea Ts'ebetso (DoP).

P: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele liphaephe tsa EN 10217 P235GH ERW ke efe?

K: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele bakeng sa boholo ba setoko (bophara bo tloaelehileng le botenya ba mabota) ke matsatsi a ka bang 15-25. Bakeng sa boholo bo seng ba setoko kapa bo ikhethileng, nako ea ho etella pele ke matsatsi a ka bang 30-45 ho tloha netefatsong ea odara. Bakeng sa TC2 e nang le 100% NDT, eketsa matsatsi a 5-10. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro (setifikeiti sa 3.2), eketsa matsatsi a 10-15 bakeng sa kemiso le litokomane. Liodara tse potlakileng (matsatsi a 15-20) li ka fumaneha bakeng sa bongata bo bonyenyane ba boholo bo tloaelehileng. Ka kopo ikopanye le rona bakeng sa linako tsa hajoale tsa ho etella pele.

P: Ke mangolo afe a netefatso le ditokomane tseo o fanang ka tsona mabapi le thomello ya diphaephe tsa P235GH?

A: Thomello ka 'ngoe e kenyelletsa litokomane tse felletseng: Setifikeiti sa Teko ea Mill ho latela EN 10204 Mofuta oa 3.1 (kapa Mofuta oa 2.2 / 3.2 ha ho kopuoa) ho kenyeletsoa le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea ho tsikinyeha, thepa ea mocheso o phahameng, le liphetho tsa liteko tsa tšusumetso; Tlaleho ea Teko ea Hydrostatic; Tlaleho ea NDT (UT/ET) bakeng sa liodara tsa TC2; Tlaleho ea Tlhahlobo ea Dimensional; Ho Tšoaea CE le Phatlalatso ea Ts'ebetso (DoP) bakeng sa 'maraka oa Europe; Lethathamo la ho Paka; Invoice ea Khoebo; Bili ea ho Laela; le Setifikeiti sa Tšimoloho (haeba ho hlokahala).

P: Na le fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa bolelele bo bolelele le tsa U-bend bakeng sa lipeipi tsa P235GH?

K: E. Re fana ka ho seha ka nepo ho fihlela boleleleng bo nepahetseng bo boletsoeng ke moreki ka mamello e tiileng (hangata ±3mm) le lipheletso tse hloekileng, tse se nang burr. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso, re ka hokahanya le lits'ebeletso tsa ho koba tsa balekane bakeng sa lipeipi tsa U-bend (ho koba ho batang) tse nang le mahlaseli a koba a laoloang le ovality e nyane. Lipeipi tsa U-bend li ka fanoa ka ho koba kapa ntle le ho koba kamora ho koba. Ka kopo fana ka litšoantšo tsa hau tsa koba bakeng sa litlhoko tse ikhethileng.

P: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa boemo ba ho pepa bo tloaelehileng (+N) le boemo ba ho pepa bo tjheseditsweng?

K: Kalafo ea mocheso e tloaelehileng (+N) (890-930°C) e hlahisa sebopeho se senyenyane sa ferrite-pearlite se lekanang, e ntlafatsa ho ductility le ho tiea, 'me e imolla likhatello tse setseng tsa ho tjheseletsa. Boemo ba ho tjheseletsa bo na le likhatello tse ngata tse setseng 'me bo ka ba le sebopeho se fokolang sa lijo-thollo. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khatello,tloaelehilenghangata ho hlokahala ho latela EN 10217-2 ho netefatsa thepa e ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa tšebeletso e phahameng ea mocheso. Womic Steel e fana ka P235GH boemong bo tloaelehileng joalo ka tekanyetso bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khatello.