1. Tšepe ea Womic: Bokhoni ba Tlhahiso le Matla a Khamphani
Womic Steel Group ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong le morekisi oa kantle ho naha ea nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 20 ba ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa tšepe e sa hloekang ka khabone, motsoako le tšepe e sa hloekang. Setsi sa rona sa tlhahiso ea liphaephe tsa ho bokella lipeipi se na le bokhoni bo felletseng ba tlhahiso bo fetang lithane tse 20,000 ka khoeli bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe ea leoatleng, ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea ERW le LSAW/SSAW.
Boholo ba Tlhahiso bakeng sa Pipe ea ho Lula ea Marine:Bophara ba kantle ho tloha ho 219mm ho isa ho 660mm (8 inch ho isa ho 26 inch) bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ERW, le ho tloha ho 508mm ho isa ho 3,000mm (20 inch ho isa ho 120 inch) bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea LSAW/SSAW. Botenya ba lebota ho tloha ho 6.0mm ho isa ho 25.4mm bakeng sa ERW, le ho tloha ho 6.0mm ho isa ho 50.8mm bakeng sa LSAW/SSAW. Bolelele bo le bong ho tloha ho 6m ho isa ho 18m e tloaelehileng, ka bolelele bo ikhethileng ho fihlela ho 60m bo fumanehang bakeng sa merero ea motheo o tebileng.
Litifikeiti tsa Boleng le ho Latela Melao:
Setifikeiti sa ISO 9001:2015:Sistimi ea Tsamaiso ea Boleng bakeng sa ho bokella lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso ea liphaephe le taolo ea boleng, ho netefatsa boleng bo tsitsitseng ba sehlahisoa le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele mesebetsing eohle ea tlhahiso.
Laesense ea Monogram ea API 5L / API 2B:Womic Steel e na le laesense ea API 5L bakeng sa tlhahiso ea Line Pipe le laesense ea API 2B bakeng sa Structural Steel Pipe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa likepe. API Monogram e emela boitlamo ba rona ho maemo a holimo a indasteri bakeng sa phetiso ea oli le khase le liphaephe tsa ho bokella lipeipi tsa meaho tse lebōpong la leoatle. Litlhahlobo tsa kamehla tsa API li netefatsa ho latela litlhoko tse hlalositsoeng khafetsa.
Ho Tšoaea CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Liphaephe tsa rona tsa ho bokella le liphaephe tsa sebopeho li latela Tataiso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Khatello ea Europe (PED) 2014/68/EU. Letšoao la CE lea fumaneha ha ho kopuoa ho nolofatsa ho tlosoa ha lekgetho le ho amoheloa ha projeke ka har'a Sebaka sa Moruo sa Europe (EEA). Phatlalatso ea Ts'ebetso (DoP) e fanoe bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa EN.
Setifikeiti sa EN 10204 3.2:Ntle le Litifikeiti tsa Teko tsa Mill tse tloaelehileng tsa 2.2 le 3.1, re fana ka lihlahisoa tse nang le Setifikeiti sa Tlhahlobo sa 3.2, se netefalitsoeng ke mekhatlo ea batho ba bang e lumelletsoeng ke EU (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) bakeng sa merero ea bohlokoa ea likepe le ea motheo e hlokang ho latelwa ka botlalo ha thepa le netefatso e ikemetseng.
Litumello tsa Tlhahlobo ea Mokha oa Boraro (TPI):Lihlahisoa tsa rona le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso lia amoheloa le ho hlahlojoa ke mekhatlo e meholo ea machaba le Mekhatlo ea ho Arola ho kenyeletsoa SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, le TÜV. Litumello tsena li bonts'a bokhoni ba rona ba ho fana ka liphaephe tsa ho bokella bakeng sa merero ea likepe le ea leoatle e laoloang ke sechaba ea ho arola.
Litifikeiti tse ling lia fumaneha:
ISO 14001:2015(Sistimi ea Tsamaiso ea Tikoloho) – E ikemiselitse mekhoa ea tlhahiso e tsitsitseng
ISO 45001:2018(Sistimi ea Tsamaiso ea Bophelo bo Botle le Polokeho Mosebetsing) – Ho netefatsa tikoloho e sireletsehileng ea mosebetsi
FPC (Taolo ea Tlhahiso ea Fektheri)ho ya ka EN 10248 / EN 10219 – Boipolelo ba ho latela melao bakeng sa ho tshwaya CE
NORSOK M-650(Tekanyetso ea Norway bakeng sa thepa ea tšepe) – E fumaneha bakeng sa merero ea Leoatle le ka Leboea le lebōpong la leoatle
KTA 3211.2(Tekanyetso ea nyutlelie ea Jeremane) – E fumaneha bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ho bokella lipeipi tsa libaka tsa nyutlelie
Litumello tse Ikhethang ho Bareki:Re etsa ditlhahlobo tsa fektheri khafetsa le ho di dumella bakeng sa borakonteraka ba baholo ba EPC, balaodi ba kou, le dikhamphani tsa eneji lefatsheng ka bophara. Ditokomane le tshehetso ya tlhahlobo di fanwa bakeng sa ditshebetso tsa ho fumana mangolo a bafepedi.
Kananelo ea Lefatše ka Bophara:Womic Steel ke mofani ea tšepahalang oa likonteraka tsa lefats'e tsa EPC, balaoli ba likou, lifeme tsa boenjiniere ba likepe le likonteraka tsa motheo, tse sebeletsang linaha tse fetang 80 ho pholletsa le Asia Boroa-bochabela, Europe, Bochabela bo Hare, Afrika le Amerika.
2. ASTM A252 GR.3 & EN 10248 S355GP: Sebopeho sa thepa le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso
ASTM A252 GR.3ke tlhaloso e tloaelehileng ea Amerika bakeng sa liqubu tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse lahletsoeng le tse se nang sekoli. Lebitso la "GR.3" le bontša Sehlopha sa 3, se nang le tlhoko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea matla har'a lihlopha tse tharo tsa ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3). Sehlopha sa 3 se fana ka matla a bonyane a tlhahiso ea 345 MPa (50,000 psi), e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e ratoang bakeng sa motheo o tebileng, ho bokella liqubu tsa leoatleng, le lits'ebetso tse boima tsa ho jara moroalo moo ho hlokahalang botšepehi bo phahameng ba sebopeho.
EN 10248 S355GPke tekanyetso ea Europe bakeng sa ho bokella likhoele tsa tšepe tse phuthoang ka mocheso le ho bokella liphaephe. "S" e emela tšepe ea sebopeho, "355" e bontša matla a fokolang a tlhahiso ea 355 MPa, 'me "GP" e emela "Kakaretso ea ho bokella likhoele". S355GP e fana ka matla a tlhahiso a phahameng hanyane ho feta ASTM A252 GR.3 (355 MPa vs 345 MPa) 'me e hlalosoa haholo bakeng sa merero ea kaho ea likepe tsa Europe, Bochabela bo Hare le Afrika.
Mekhahlelo ka bobeli e etselitsoe ka ho khetheha lits'ebetso tsa ho bokella liqubu, e fana ka ho tjheseletsa ho babatsehang bakeng sa ho kopanya masimo, ho tiea ho hotle ha mocheso o tlase bakeng sa tikoloho ea leoatle, le ho se thekesele ho lekaneng ho mamella khatello ea ho khanna nakong ea ho kenya liqubu. Ha ho bapisoa le mekhahlelo e tloaelehileng ea sebopeho joalo ka A36 kapa S235JR, mekhahlelo ena ea ho bokella liqubu e fana ka bokhoni bo phahameng haholo ba ho jara moroalo, e leng se lumellang botebo bo tebileng ba ho khanna le bongata bo fokotsehileng ba liqubu.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (Tlhahlobo ea Lesela, % ka boima):
| Karolo | ASTM A252 GR.3 (Boholo %) | EN 10248 S355GP (Boholo %) |
| C | 0.26 | 0.22 |
| Si | — | 0.55 |
| Mn | 1.35 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.040 | 0.035 |
| S | 0.050 | 0.035 |
| Cu | — | 0.55 |
| CE (boholo) | — | 0.45 |
Hlokomela: EN 10248 S355GP e na le meeli e thata haholoanyane khaboneng, phosphorus le sebabole, e leng se fellang ka ho tjheseletsa le ho tiea ha ho bapisoa le ASTM A252 GR.3. Mekhahlelo ena ka bobeli e etselitsoe lits'ebetso tsa ho bokella ka mokhoa o bonolo ho mamella khatello ea ho khanna ntle le ho petsoha. Moeli oa 0.45% oa khabone e lekanang le eona (CEV) bakeng sa S355GP o netefatsa ho tjheseletsa ho hoholo ha tšimo bakeng sa ho kopanya liqubu.
Thepa ea Mekaniki (Mocheso oa Kamore):
| Thepa | ASTM A252 GR.3 | EN 10248 S355GP |
| Matla a Tekanyo (metsotso) | 345 MPa (50,000 psi) | 355 MPa (51,500 psi) |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (metsotso) | 455 MPa (66,000 psi) | 470 MPa (68,200 psi) |
| Ho lelefatsa (metsotso) | 20% (bakeng sa gauge ea 50mm) | 19% (Longitudinal) |
| Matla a Tšusumetso | Ha ea hlalosoa | Li-joule tse 27 @ 0°C (haeba ho hlokahala) |
*Hlokomela: EN 10248 S355GP e fana ka chai e tlase le matla a ho thapolla ha e bapiswa le ASTM A252 GR.3. Bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa lewatle tse hlokang ho tiya ha tshusumetso mochesong o tlase, EN 10248 e dumella tlhahlobo ya tshusumetso e ikgethang ho 0°C (bonyane 27 Joules). Bakeng sa ASTM A252 GR.3, tlhahlobo ya tshusumetso ha se tlamo empa e ka hlaloswa e le tlhoko e tlatsetsang.*
Papiso ea Mekhahlelo ea Liphaephe tsa ho Jala:
| Sehlopha | Matla a Tlhahiso (MPa) | Matla a ho Tenyetseha (MPa) | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| ASTM A252 GR.1 | 205 | 345 | Motheo o bobebe, ho bokellana ho sa tebang |
| ASTM A252 GR.2 | 240 | 415 | Moroalo o itekanetseng, motheo oa kaho |
| ASTM A252 GR.3 | 345 | 455 | Moroalo o boima, oa leoatleng, motheo o tebileng |
| EN 10248 S235GP | 235 | 360 | Ho bokellana ha lipampiri tse bobebe, ho bokellana ha lipampiri |
| EN 10248 S275GP | 275 | 410 | Mabota a mahareng a ho boloka mojaro o mahareng |
| EN 10248 S355GP | 355 | 470 | Motheo o boima oa leoatle, o tebileng |
*Hlokomela: Bakeng sa merero e thata ka ho fetisisa ya lewatle e hlokang kgatello e phahameng ya ho kganna le ho kenella ka botebo, ASTM A252 GR.3 le EN 10248 S355GP ke dikereiti tse kgothaletswang. Bakeng sa merero e hlokang matla a hodimo le ho feta (ho fihlela ho 460 MPa), API 5L X65 kapa EN 10225 S460G10+M e ka nkuwa e le mekgwa e meng.*
3. Ho Latela Maemo le Litekanyetso tsa Tekanyo
Womic Steel e fana ka liphaephe tsa tšepe ea leoatleng ho pholletsa le spectrum e pharaletseng, e lumellanang ka botlalo le ASTM A252, EN 10248, le maemo a machaba a amanang le eona. Mekhoa ea ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) le LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded) ka bobeli e fumaneha ho koahela bophara bo felletseng.
| Ntho | Tlhaloso |
| E tloaelehileng | ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) / EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP) |
| Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso | ERW (219mm-660mm OD) / LSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) / SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) |
| Sebaka sa Bophara ba Kantle | ERW: 219mm - 660mm (8" - 26") / LSAW/SSAW: 508mm – 3,000mm (20" – 120") |
| Botenya ba Lebota | ERW: 6.0mm – 25.4mm / LSAW/SSAW: 6.0mm – 50.8mm |
| Bolelele ba Nako | E tloaelehileng: 6m, 12m, 18m / E ikgethileng: ho fihlela ho 60m |
| Qetello ea ho Qetela | Qetello e se nang letho (PE) / Qetello e Beveled (BE) ka masale a tšepe a sehlabelo a boikhethelo |
| Qetello ea Bokaholimo | E hlobotse / E tlotsitsoe ka oli / E koahetsoeng ka botšo / 3PE / FBE / Epoxy ea Sekontiri sa Mashala |
| Mamello | OD: ±1.0% / Boima: -0% +15% (ASTM) kapa ±10% (EN) / Bolelele: +50mm -0mm |
4. Litekanyo le Litlhaloso tse Fumanehang - Pipe ea ho Lula ea Tšepe ea Marine
Phaephe ea ho Kenya Lithupa ea ERW (219mm - 660mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Dikgetho tsa Botenya ba Lebota (mm) | Boima (kg/m2) | Bolelele bo Tloaelehileng |
| 219.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 | 31.5 - 75.5 | 6m / 12m |
| 273.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0 | 39.5 - 113.2 | 6m / 12m |
| 323.9 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0 | 47.0 - 149.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 355.6 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 | 51.7 - 180.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 406.4 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 59.2 - 235.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 457.2 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 88.6 - 266.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 508.0 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 98.6 - 297.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 558.8 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 108.7 - 329.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 609.6 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 118.7 - 360.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 660.4 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 128.7 - 391.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Phaephe ea ho Lula ea LSAW (508mm - 3,000mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Dikgetho tsa Botenya ba Lebota (mm) | Boima (kg/m2) | Bolelele bo Tloaelehileng |
| 508 – 610 | 6.0 – 25.4 | 74.3 – 366.3 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 610 – 762 | 6.0 – 30.0 | 89.4 – 541.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 762 – 914 | 8.0 – 35.0 | 148.8 – 758.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 914 – 1,067 | 10.0 – 40.0 | 222.9 – 1,013.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,067 – 1,220 | 12.0 – 45.0 | 312.2 – 1,303.9 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,220 – 1,422 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 357.6 – 1,692.0 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,422 – 1,625 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 417.3 – 1,941.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,625 – 2,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 477.1 – 2,441.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 2,000 – 2,500 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 588.5 – 3,065.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 – 3,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 736.5 – 3,693.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Ela Hloko: Litekanyo tse ikhethileng ka ntle ho mefuta ena lia fumaneha ha ho kopuoa. Bophara bo boholo (ho fihlela ho 4,000mm / 160") boa fumaneha bakeng sa merero e ikhethileng.
5. Melao e Tloaelehileng ea Piling Piling, Marine & Foundation Standards e Entsoeng ke Womic Steel
| E tloaelehileng | Likereiti tsa Tšepe | Tšebeliso e Tloaelehileng |
| Maemo a ho Bokella a ASTM | ||
| ASTM A252 (Tlhahlobo e Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Liqubu tsa Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tse Welded le tse se nang Seamless) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Liqubu tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe bakeng sa motheo o tebileng, ho bokellana ha likepe |
| ASTM A500 (Tlhahlobo e Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Liphaephe tsa Sebopeho sa Tšepe ea Khabone e Entsoeng ka Moqomo le e se Nang Motsoako) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Liphaephe tse chitja/tse sekoere tsa sebopeho bakeng sa ho bokella le ho tiisa |
| ASTM A501 (Tlhahlobo e Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Liphaephe tsa Sebopeho sa Tšepe ea Khabone e Entsoeng ka Mocheso le e se Nang Seamless) | GR.A, GR.B | Liphaephe tsa sebopeho se chesang bakeng sa ho bokella |
| ASTM A690 (Standard Spec bakeng sa Liqubu tsa H tsa Tšepe tsa Nickel-Copper-Fosforus le Sheet Piling tse Matla a Phahameng) | Sehlopha sa Mariner | Ho bokella tšepe e hanelang ho bola metsing a leoatle |
| ASTM A572 (Tlhahlobo e Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Tšepe ea Sebopeho sa Columbium-Vanadium e Matla a Phahameng) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60, GR.65 | Ho bokella meaho e nang le motsoako o tlase o matla haholo |
| ASTM A588 (Tlhahlobo e Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Tšepe ea Sebopeho e Matla a Phahameng e nang le Motsoako o Tlase e nang le Khanyetso ea Mafome a Sepakapaka) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Ho bokella tšepe e benyang, motheo oa borokho |
| ASTM A913 (Tlhahlobo e Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Libopeho tsa Tšepe tse Matla a Phahameng tse nang le Alloy e Tlase tsa Boleng ba Sebopeho) | GR.50, GR.60, GR.65, GR.70 | Ho bokella tšepe e matla haholo ka ho tjheseletsa ho ntlafetseng |
| ASTM A857 (Tlhahlobo e Tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho Bokella Lipampiri tsa Tšepe, Ho Thehoa ka Mocheso o Batang, Leseli le Leseli) | — | Ho bokella pampiri ea lebone le batang le nang le mabone a batang |
| EN / DIN / BS / NF Piling Maemo | ||
| EN 10248 (Ho bokella masela a tšepe a phuthoang ka mocheso - Maemo a tekheniki a ho fana ka litšepe tse sa sebeliseng motsoako) | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Ho bokella masela a tšepe a phuthoang ka mocheso le ho bokella liphaephe |
| EN 10219 (Likarolo tse se nang letho tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka thapo tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o batang bakeng sa merero ea sebopeho) | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Likarolo tse se nang letho tsa sebopeho tse entsoeng ka thapo tse batang bakeng sa ho bokella |
| EN 10025 (Lihlahisoa tse phuthoang ka mocheso tsa litšepe tsa sebopeho - Litšepe tsa sebopeho tse seng tsa motsoako) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2, S420ML, S460ML | Tšepe ea mohaho e phuthoang ka mocheso bakeng sa ho bokella liqubu le tšebeliso ea likepe |
| EN 10225 (Litšepe tsa meaho tse ka kopanngoang bakeng sa meaho e tsitsitseng ea lebopong) | S355G8+M, S355G10+M, S420G1+QT, S460G1+QT | Tšepe ea kantle ho leoatle le ea likepe bakeng sa ho bokella |
| EN 10348 (Tšepe bakeng sa ho bokella masela a tšepe - Ho bokella masela a tšepe a sa keneng motsoako ka mocheso) | S240GP, S270GP, S320GP, S355GP | Sekoahelo sa tšepe se phuthoang ka mocheso bakeng sa mabota a ho boloka |
| DIN 2458 (Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tse Welded le Lisebelisoa - Maemo a Kakaretso a Phepelo ea Tekheniki - a nkeloa sebaka ke EN 10219) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tjhitsitsoeng tse tloaelehileng tsa Jeremane bakeng sa ho bokella |
| DIN 17100 (Tšepe bakeng sa Merero ea Sebopeho se Akaretsang - e nkeloe sebaka ke EN 10025) | St37-2, St44-2, St52-3 | Tšepe ea sebopeho e tloaelehileng ea Jeremane bakeng sa ho bokella |
| BS 1387 (Litlhaloso tsa Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tse nang le Li-screw le Socketed - li nkeloa sebaka ke EN 10255) | Sehlopha sa A, Sehlopha sa B, Sehlopha sa C | Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tloaelehileng tsa Brithani tse nang le khoele bakeng sa ho bokella le ho seha |
| BS 4360 (Litlhaloso tsa Litšepe tsa Meaho tse ka Weldable - li nkeloe sebaka ke EN 10025) | Sehlopha sa 43A, 43B, 50B | Tšepe ea sebopeho e tloaelehileng ea Brithani bakeng sa ho bokella (ea nalane) |
| NF A49-311 (Tubes en acier soudés pour le pillage - French piling standard) | E24, E36 | Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tjhitliloeng tse tloaelehileng tsa Sefora bakeng sa ho bokella |
| Maemo a ho Kenya Li-Piling a API / JIS / KS / AS / CSA | ||
| API 5L (Litlhaloso tsa Pipe ea Mohala) | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Phaephe ea mohala e sebelisoang e le ho bokella (e tloaelehileng lebōpong la leoatle) |
| API 2B (Litlhaloso tsa Tlhahiso ea Pipe ea Tšepe ea Sebopeho bakeng sa Likopo tsa Offshore) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60 | Ho bokella liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa meaho kantle ho naha |
| JIS A5525 (Liqubu tsa Liphaephe tsa Tšepe) | SKK490, SKK540 | Liqubu tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe bakeng sa mehaho ea boema-kepe le ea likepe |
| JIS A5528 (Liqubu tsa Li-Tubular tsa Tšepe) | SY295, SY390 | Ho bokella masela a tšepe a li-tube bakeng sa kaho ea kou |
| JIS A5526 (Liqubu tsa Maqephe a Tšepe) | SYW295, SYW390 | Ho bokella masela a tšepe a phuthoang ka mocheso |
| JIS G3444 (Liphaephe tsa Tšepe ea Khabone bakeng sa Merero e Akaretsang ea Sebopeho) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Liphaephe tsa tšepe ea carbon bakeng sa ho bokella liqubu tsa meaho |
| JIS G3136 (Litšepe tse Meheletsoeng bakeng sa Sebopeho sa Moaho) | SN400, SN490 | Tšepe bakeng sa ho bokella motheo oa kaho |
| KS D 3566 (Liphaephe tsa Tšepe ea Khabone bakeng sa Merero e Akaretsang ea Sebopeho - Tekanyetso ea Sekorea) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Lipeipi tse tloaelehileng tsa sebopeho sa Korea bakeng sa ho bokella |
| KS D 3862 (Liqubu tsa Liphaephe tsa Tšepe - maemo a tloaelehileng a Sekorea) | SKK400, SKK490, SKK540 | Liqubu tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tloaelehileng tsa Korea bakeng sa mehaho ea kou |
| AS 1163 (Likarolo tse nang le Mekoti ea Tšepe ea Sebopeho - Tekanyetso ea Australia) | C250, C350, C450 | Likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa sebopeho sa Australia tse se nang letho bakeng sa ho bokella |
| AS 1074 (Liphaephe tsa Tšepe le Liphaephe bakeng sa Tšebeletso e Tloaelehileng - Tekanyetso ea Australia) | — | Lipeipi tsa tšepe tse tloaelehileng tsa Australia bakeng sa ho bokella ka kakaretso |
| CSA G40.21 (Tšepe ea Boleng ba Sebopeho - Tekanyetso ea Canada) | 44W, 50W, 50A | Tšepe e tloaelehileng ea sebopeho ea Canada bakeng sa ho bokella |
| NORSOK / DNV / ISO Piling Standards | ||
| NORSOK Y15 (Meaho ea Tšepe ea Lebōpo la Leoatle - Litlhoko tsa thepa) | S355, S420, S460 | Tekanyetso ea Norway bakeng sa meaho ea tšepe e kantle ho naha |
| NORSOK M-650 (Tlhokahalo ea Bahlahisi ba Thepa e Ikhethang bakeng sa Tšebeliso ea Maoatle) | Meputso eohle | Tšoaneleho bakeng sa phepelo ea thepa ea mose ho maoatle |
| DNV-OS-B101 (Thepa ea Tšepe bakeng sa Meaho ea Offshore) | S355, S420, S460 | Tekanyetso ea DNV bakeng sa ho bokella tšepe ea kantle ho naha |
| DNV-OS-C201 (Moralo oa Sebopeho sa Liyuniti tsa Offshore - Litlhoko tsa Thepa) | S355, S420, S460 | Tekanyetso ea DNV bakeng sa ho bokella liqubu tsa meaho kantle ho naha |
| ISO 630 (Litšepe tsa Sebopeho - Lipoleiti, liphaphatha tse sephara, mekoallo, likarolo) | Fe360, Fe430, Fe510 | Tekanyetso ea machaba bakeng sa ho bokella tšepe ea meaho |
| ISO 3183 (Liindasteri tsa Petroleum le Khase ea Tlhaho - Phaephe ea Tšepe bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa lipalangoang tsa liphaephe) | L245, L290, L360, L415, L450, L485 | ISO e lekanang le API 5L bakeng sa ho bokella liphaephe tsa mohala |
| Maemo a mang a Machaba a ho Lahlela Li-pile | ||
| GOST 10706 (Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tse Welded bakeng sa Liphaephe le Meaho - maemo a Russia) | St20, St35, St45 | Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tjhitliloeng tse tloaelehileng tsa Russia bakeng sa ho bokella |
| GOST 20295 (Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tse Welded bakeng sa Liphaephe tse Kholo tsa Khase le Oli - maemo a Russia) | K38, K52, K60 | Phaephe e tloaelehileng ea mohala oa Russia e sebelisoang e le ho bokella likhoele |
| NBR 8261 (Liqubu tsa Tšepe bakeng sa Kaho ea Metse - Tekanyetso ea Brazil) | — | Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tloaelehileng tsa Brazil |
| IRAM 688 (Liphaephe tsa Tšepe bakeng sa Merero ea Meaho - Tekanyetso ea Argentina) | F24, F36 | Liphaephe tse tloaelehileng tsa sebopeho sa Argentina bakeng sa ho bokella likhoele |
| SANS 657 (Liphaephe tsa Tšepe bakeng sa Merero ea Meaho - Tekanyetso ea Afrika Boroa) | — | Lipeipi tse tloaelehileng tsa sebopeho sa Afrika Boroa bakeng sa ho bokella lipeipi |
Tšebeliso:Ho etsa liqubu tsa motheo tse tebileng, ho etsa liqubu tsa likepe, motheo oa sethala sa lebopong la leoatle, kaho ea boema-kepe le boema-kepe, motheo oa borokho, tšireletso ea lebopong, thibelo ea metsi, sistimi ea fender, qubu ea jakete, kaho ea kou le kou, tokiso ea mobu, koetliso ea noka, boenjiniere ba kotopo, kaho ea kou ea metsi a tebileng, motheo oa ho lokisa litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, mabota a ho boloka, li-cofferdams, metheo ea caisson, metheo ea turbine ea moea ea lebopong la leoatle, metheo ea kou ea tube e ka tlas'a metsi, mabota a ho etsa liqubu tsa maqephe
6. Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso - Phaephe ea Tšepe ea ERW & LSAW
Mokhoa oa ERW (Ho Welding ea Khanyetso ea Motlakase) bakeng sa Phaephe ea ho Kenya (219mm - 660mm OD):
Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala (Coil):Likhoele tsa tšepe tse phutholohileng tse kenang li netefalitsoe bakeng sa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mechini, le boleng ba bokaholimo khahlanong le ASTM A252, EN 10248, kapa litlhaloso tsa bareki. Khoele ka 'ngoe e abeloa nomoro e ikhethang ea mocheso ho netefatsa hore thepa e sala morao ka botlalo nakong eohle ea tlhahiso.
Ho phutholla le ho batalatsa:Likhoele tsa tšepe li kenngoa holim'a sesebelisoa sa ho uncoiler 'me li fepeloa ka mochini o lekanyang ka nepo ho batalatsa moqolo, ho tlosa sete ea khoele le ho netefatsa hore e bataletse ka ho lekana bakeng sa ho thehoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang.
Ho Sila le ho Seha Edge:Mathoko ka bobeli a malelele a lehare la tšepe a siloa le ho sehoa ho fihlela a mamella bophara bo nepahetseng (± 0.5mm). Tokisetso ea mathoko e etsa sebaka se hloekileng, se bapileng se hlokahalang bakeng sa ho etsoa ha weld ea boleng bo holimo.
Ho theha (Ho theha ka serame):Moqolo o bataladitsweng o feta letotong le tswelang pele la meqolo e etsang (ho qhaqhwa, ho fetiswa ha lehlakore, le dikarolo tsa ho fetiswa ha mapheo) tse etsang moqolo o bataletseng butle-butle hore e be sebopeho se bulehileng sa cylindrical (kgetla ya tube) ka mathoko a lokiseditsweng ho tjheseletsa.
Ho Wellisa ka Maqhubu a Phahameng (HFW / ERW):Phaephe e entsoeng e feta ka har'a likhoele tsa induction tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng kapa lieta tsa ho kopana. Motlakase o nang le maqhubu a phahameng (hangata 200-500 kHz) o futhumatsa mathoko a ho kopana ho fihlela mochesong oa forging (hoo e ka bang 1,350-1,500°C). Ho tjheseletsa ha boemo bo tiileng ho etsahala ha mathoko a futhumetseng a hatelloa hammoho ka meqolo e thibiloeng, e leng se etsang weld e entsoeng ntle le thepa e eketsehileng ea ho tlatsa.
Ho Tlosa Lifaha Tse Omeletseng (Ka Hare le Kantle):Leseli la kahare le la kantle (tšepe e feteletseng ea ho tjheseletsa) le tlosoa ka lisebelisoa tsa carbide (mahare a sekareleta) ha sebaka sa ho tjheseletsa se ntse se chesa, se hlahisa boemo ba bokaholimo bo boreleli bo nang le matlafatso e fokolang ea ho tjheseletsa.
Saese le Sebopeho:Phaephe e welletsoeng e feta letotong la meqolo ea boholo ho fihlela mamello e nepahetseng ea ho qetela ea bophara ba kantle (hangata ± 0.5% ho isa ho ± 1.0% ho latela maemo a tloaelehileng).
Kalafo ea Mocheso (Boikhethelo):Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse hlokang ho ntlafala ha ho sebetsa kapa ho imolla khatello, sebaka sa ho weld (kapa tube eohle) se ka phekoloa ka mocheso o kenang moleng kapa o sa kenang moleng. Ho etsa hore mocheso o be boemong bo tloaelehileng ho 890-930°C ho hlahisa sebopeho se lekanang sa ferrite-pearlite.
Ho Seha ho fihlela Bolelele:Phaephe e tswelang pele e kgaolwa ka bolelele bo boletsweng ho sebediswa disakha tse kgaolang tse fofang (ho seha ho batang) ka taolo ya bolelele bo nepahetseng (±3mm bakeng sa bolelele bo tlwaelehileng, +50mm -0mm bakeng sa ditlhaloso tsa ho bokella).
Teko e sa Senyeheng (NDT):
Teko ea Ultrasonic ea 100% (UT):Sistimi ea UT e iketsang e hlahloba moalo oohle oa weld le 'mele o felletseng oa phaephe bakeng sa li-lamination, lintho tse kenyellelitsoeng le khaello ea ho kopana.
Teko ea Hona Joale ea Eddy (ET):Tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ea boleng ba weld inthaneteng nakong ea tlhahiso.
Teko ea Hydrostatic (Boikhethelo):E fumaneha ha moreki a kopa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa ho bokella liphutheloana tse hlokang netefatso ea botšepehi ba khatello.
Qetella Qetello:Lipheletso tse se nang letho (tse sekoere se sehiloeng) kapa lipheletso tse betlilweng (sekhutlo sa bevel sa 30°-35°) ho latela tlhaloso ea moreki. Masale a tšepe a sehlabelo a ka kopanngoa lipheletsong tsa liphaephe bakeng sa tšireletso e eketsehileng nakong ea ho khanna liqubu.
Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela le ho Tšoaea:Tlhahlobo ea pono bakeng sa liphoso tsa bokaholimo, netefatso ea litekanyo (OD, WT, bolelele, ho otloloha), le matšoao a sa feleng ho latela maemo a loketseng (ho kenyeletsoa le kereiti, boholo, nomoro ea mocheso, boitsebahatso ba moetsi).
Mokhoa oa LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) bakeng sa Pipe ea ho Kenya (508mm - 3,000mm OD):
Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala (Plate):Lipoleiti tsa tšepe tse kenang li netefalitsoe bakeng sa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mechini, boleng ba bokaholimo, le ho nepahala ha litekanyo khahlanong le ASTM A252, EN 10248, kapa litlhaloso tsa bareki. Poleiti ka 'ngoe e abeloa nomoro e ikhethang ea mocheso bakeng sa ho sala morao ka botlalo.
Tokisetso ea Moeli oa Poleiti (Beveling):Mathoko a malelele a poleiti ea tšepe a bevel (hangata e le V e le 'ngoe kapa V e habeli) ho sebelisoa mechini ea ho sila e ka thoko ho theha jiometri e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa arc e ka tlas'a metsi.
Ho Koba Poleiti (Ho Etsa):Poleiti e lokisitsoeng e etsoa ka sebopeho se bulehileng sa cylindrical ho sebelisoa mochine o hatellang oa ho koba poleiti (JCO forming, UO forming, kapa mokhoa oa ho koba oa 3-roll / 4-roll ho latela litlhoko tsa bophara le botenya).
Ho tjheseletsa ka Tack:Sekoahelo se bulehileng se kopantswe ka ho tjheseletsa ka di-tack ka dinako tse fapaneng ho boloka sebopeho sa cylindrical nakong ya tshebetso e kgolo ya ho tjheseletsa.
Ho Welsha ka Arc e Kenelletseng ka Hare (SAW):Sehokelo sa kahare sa longitudinal se tjheselletswa ka ho sebedisa disebediswa tsa ho tjheseletsa tsa arc tse kentsweng ka boiketsetso ka motswako o loketseng wa flux le terata (hangata ho feta hanngoe kapa ho feta ho itshetlehile ka botenya ba lebota).
Ho Welsha ka Arc e Kenelletseng ka Ntle (SAW):Sehokelo sa kantle sa longitudinal se tjheselletswa ka ho sebedisa disebediswa tsa ho tjheseletsa tsa arc tse kentsweng ka boiketsetso, ho phethela tjheseletso e feletseng ya ho kenella.
Ho Atolosa (Ha ho hlokahale):Phaephe e tjheseditsweng e ka atoloswa ka mechine (hangata katoloso ya 0.3-1.5%) ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha boholo (ho kgutlotharo le ho otloloha) le ho imolla kgatello e setseng ya ho tjheseletsa.
Teko e sa Senyeheng (NDT):
Teko ea Ultrasonic ea 100% (UT):Sistimi ea UT e iketsang e hlahloba moalo oohle oa weld (ka hare le ka ntle) le 'mele o felletseng oa phaephe bakeng sa li-lamination, lintho tse kenyellelitsoeng, khaello ea ho kopana, le litšitiso tse ling.
Teko ea X-ray (RT):Tlhahlobo ea X-ray kapa gamma-ray ea seam ea weld (letheba kapa bolelele bo felletseng joalo ka ha ho boletsoe) ho netefatsa boleng ba weld le ho kenella.
Tlhahlobo ea Likaroloana tsa Magnetic (MPI):Tlhahlobo ea menoana ea maoto e tšetsoeng ka weld le sebaka se amehileng ke mocheso bakeng sa mapetso a bokaholimo le ho se tsoele pele.
Qetella Qetello:Lipheletso tse se nang letho (tse sekoere se sehiloeng) kapa lipheletso tse betliloeng (sekhutlo sa bevel sa 30°-35° se nang le ho lulisa ha 1.6mm ± 0.8mm) ho latela tlhaloso ea moreki. Masale a tšepe a sehlabelo a ka kopanngoa lipheletsong tsa liphaephe bakeng sa tšireletso ea ho khanna liqubu.
Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela le ho Tšoaea:Tlhahlobo ea pono bakeng sa liphoso tsa bokaholimo, netefatso ea litekanyo (OD, WT, bolelele, ho otloloha, ho chitja), le letšoao la kamehla ho latela maemo a loketseng.
7. Mekhoa ea Taolo le Teko ea Boleng bakeng sa Phaephe ea ho Jala
| Sethaleng | Mokhoa oa Tlhahlobo | Morero |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale (OES Spectrometer) | Netefatsa ho latela meeli ea sebopeho sa ASTM A252 / EN 10248 |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea ho Tenyetseha | Netefatsa matla a tlhahiso, matla a ho tsikinyeha, le bolelele |
| Lisebelisoa tse so ntlafatsoe | Teko ea Ultrasonic (Plate/Coil) | Lemoha li-lamination le likoli tsa ka hare |
| Ts'ebetso e Ncha (ERW) | Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyo (Micrometer, Calipers) | Lekola OD, WT nakong ea ho bopa le ho lekanya boholo |
| Ts'ebetso e Ncha (LSAW) | Tlhahlobo ea Litokisetso tsa Moeli | Netefatsa sekhutlo sa bevel, ho lula, le boemo ba bokaholimo |
| Sebaka sa ho Weld (ERW) | Teko ea Ultrasonic (UT) - Inthaneteng | Lemoha ho se tsitse ha weld, ho hloka ho kopanngoa |
| Sebaka sa ho Weld (LSAW) | Teko ea Ultrasonic (UT) - E Iketsang | Tlhahlobo e felletseng ea seam ea weld bakeng sa liphoso tsa kahare/kantle |
| Sebaka sa ho Weld (LSAW) | Teko ea X-ray (RT) | Netefatsa ho kenella ha weld, masoba, ho kenyelletsoa ha slag |
| Sebaka sa ho Weld | Tlhahlobo ea Likaroloana tsa Magnetic (MPI) | Ho lemoha mapetso a bokaholimo (ho tjheseletsa le HAZ) |
| Phaephe e felileng | Tlhahlobo ea litekanyo | Netefatsa OD, WT, bolelele, ho otloloha, ho chitja |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea Hydrostatic (Boikhethelo) | Netefatsa botšepehi ba khatello bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea Kobeho e Tataisoang | Netefatsa ho ductility le ho hlaka ha weld |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea ho Batalatsa (ERW feela) | Netefatsa ho ductility le molumo oa 'mele oa phaephe |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea Tšusumetso ea Charpy V-Notch (Boikhethelo) | Netefatsa ho tiea ha mocheso o tlase bakeng sa tšebeliso ea metsing |
| Phaephe e felileng | Teko ea ho tiea (Ha ho hlokahale) | Netefatsa boima bo boholo bakeng sa ho tjheseletsa |
| Phaephe e felileng | Tlhahlobo ea Pono le ea Bokaholimo | Hlahloba liphoso tsa bokaholimo, li-lamination, mapetso |
| Phaephe e felileng | Netefatso ea ho tšoaea | Netefatsa hore ho na le letšoao la kamehla ho latela maemo a tloaelehileng |
Liteko tsa Boikhethelo bakeng sa Likopo tsa Bohlokoa tsa Leoatle le tsa Offshore:
● Teko ea CTOD (Ho Furalla Ntlha ea ho Bula) bakeng sa ho tiea ha ho robeha
● Teko ea HIC (Hydrogen Induced Peaking) ho latela NACE TM0284
● Teko ea SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) ho latela NACE TM0177
● Teko ea ho tiea (HV10 kapa HRC) bakeng sa ho tšoaneleha bakeng sa tšebeletso e bolila
Litokomane tsa Boleng:
● Setifikeiti sa Teko ea Mill ho latela EN 10204 Mofuta oa 2.2, 3.1, kapa 3.2
● Tlaleho ea Teko ea Ultrasonic (ho tjheseletsa le 'mele)
● Tlaleho ea Teko ea X-ray (haeba e hlalositsoe)
● Tlaleho ea Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyo
● Ho sala morao ho tloha palong ea mocheso ho ea phaepheng e felileng
8. Likopo tsa mantlha - Pipe ea ho bokella tšepe ea metsing
Liphaephe tsa tšepe ea leoatleng tsa ASTM A252 GR.3 le EN 10248 S355GP ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa motheong o tebileng, kaho ea likepe le merero e boima ea boenjiniere ba sechaba:
Ho bokella motheo o tebileng:Liqubu tse jarang mojaro bakeng sa mehaho e melelele, marokho, libaka tsa indasteri le mehaho e boima e hlokang tšehetso e tebileng ea motheo. Matla a phahameng a GR.3 le S355GP a lumella botebo bo tebileng ba ho khanna le bokhoni bo phahameng ba mojaro.
Motheo oa Sethala sa Marine le Offshore:Liqubu tsa motheo bakeng sa liforomo tsa oli le khase tse lebōpong la leoatle, li-rig tsa ho cheka, liforomo tsa tlhahiso, le liforomo tsa turbine ea moea tse lebōpong la leoatle. Ho bokella liqubu tsa leoatleng ho tlameha ho mamella ts'ebetso ea maqhubu, matla a hona joale, le tikoloho ea metsi a leoatle a senyang.
Kaho ea Boema-kepe, Kou le Kou:Ho bokella lipehelo bakeng sa li-terminal tsa lijana, likou tsa thepa e ngata, lipehelo tsa bapalami, libaka tsa Ro-Ro, le likepe tsa thepa tse akaretsang. Lipehelo li fana ka tšehetso ea sebopeho bakeng sa meaho ea li-deck, li-dolphin tse hokelang le li-dolphin tse anyesang.
Motheo oa Borokho le Pier:Liqubu tse tebileng tsa motheo bakeng sa lipier tsa borokho, li-abutment, le metheo ea litora bakeng sa marokho a emisitsoeng ka thapo le a leketlileng. Liqubu li fetisetsa meroalo ea meaho ho ea maemong a loketseng a ho jara.
Tšireletso ea Lebōpo la Leoatle le Lebota la Leoatle:Ho bokella meaho ea mabota a leoatle, litšiea tsa lebopong, tšireletso ea lebopong, le taolo ea khoholeho ea mobu. Liqubu tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe li fana ka tšehetso e matla ea meaho bakeng sa li-unit tsa lihlomo le meaho ea likheo tsa konkreite.
Kaho ea Breakwater le Jetty:Ho bokella metheo ea lithako tsa metsi a thibileng lithakong, lithako tsa metsi tse otlolohileng maboteng, li-jetties le li-groyne. Lithako li fana ka botsitso ba motheo bakeng sa meaho e qhalang maqhubu.
Tšehetso ea Sistimi ea Fender:Liqubu tse tšehetsang litsamaiso tsa fender tsa leoatleng lifahlehong tsa boema-kepe le mehahong ea ho emisa. Liqubu li monya matla a ho emisa 'me li sireletsa sekepe le sebopeho nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho emisa.
Qhobosheane ea Jakete bakeng sa Sethala sa Oli le Khase:Ho bokella meaho ea jase e tšehetsang liforomo tsa tlhahiso ea oli le khase. Liqubu tse kholo tse bophara bo boholo, tse teteaneng li khannoa maotong a jase ebe li korotloa sebakeng sa tsona.
Nchafatso le Tokiso ea Mobu Lebota la Leoatle:Ho bokella meaho e thibelang sebaka sa ho tsosolosoa ha mobu, mabota a lewatle a potolohang, le meedi ya ho tsosolosoa ha mobu. Meqomo e fana ka botsitso ba sebopeho bakeng sa merero ya katoloso ya mobu.
Koetliso ea Noka le Taolo ea Likhohola:Ho bokella liqubu bakeng sa tšireletso ea lebopong la noka, ho tataisa mabōpo, li-spurs le mehaho ea taolo ea likhohola. Liqubu tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe li tsitsisa mabōpo a noka le ho li sireletsa khahlanong le ho senngoa le khoholeho ea mobu.
Boenjiniere ba Kotopo le ho Seha le ho Koahela:Ho bokella metheo ea kotopo e sehiloeng le e koahetsoeng, mabota a sekhukhu a liqubu, le meaho ea tšehetso ea portal ea kotopo. Liqubu li fana ka tšehetso e otlolohileng le e ka lehlakoreng bakeng sa meaho e ka tlas'a lefatše.
Mokhatlo oa Tšisinyeho ea Lefatše:Ho bokella bakeng sa ntlafatso ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše tsa meaho e seng e ntse e le teng, ho kenyeletsoa metheo ea borokho, metheo ea meaho le meaho ea kou e hlokang ho hanela litšisinyeho tsa lefatše ka matla.
9. Pakete le Thomello - Pipe ea ho Bokella Tšepe ea Leoatleng
Liphaephe tsa tšepe ea leoatleng tsa ASTM A252 GR.3 le EN 10248 S355GP li phutheloa le ho romelloa ka hloko e kholo ho netefatsa tšireletso ea tsona nakong ea ho tsamaea. Tlhaloso ea mokhoa oa ho paka le ho romella liphaephe tsa tšepe ea bophara bo boholo ke ena:
Sephutheloana:
Sekoahelo se Sireletsang:Pele ho pakoa, liphaephe li ka 'na tsa koaheloa ka lera le lesesaane la oli e thibelang mafome kapa varnish e sireletsang ho thibela mafome a holim'a metsi le ho oxidation nakong ea polokelo le phetisetso. Qetello e hlobotseng e boetse e fumaneha bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hang-hang ha ho koaheloa moo ho eang teng kapa bakeng sa libaka tsa leoatle moo ho behiloeng tumello ea mafome.
Ho kopanya (Bophara bo Bonyenyane):Bakeng sa liphaephe tse nyane tse bophara (hangata tse ka tlase ho 610mm / 24"), liphaephe li kopanngoa hammoho ka liphutheloana tse nang le mahlakore a tšeletseng kapa a khutlonnetsepa. Li tiisitsoe ka ho sebelisa likhoele tsa tšepe (hangata likhoele tse 3-5 ka sephutheloana ka seng tse nang le litšireletso tsa sekhutlo) ho thibela motsamao ka har'a sephutheloana.
Ho bokellana ka bonngoe (Bophara bo boholo):Bakeng sa liphaephe tse bophara bo boholo (tse fetang 610mm / 24"), hangata liphaephe li tšoaroa le ho romelloa ka bonngoe ka lebaka la boima le litekanyo tse itseng. Sekoahelo sa lehong kapa rabara se beiloeng pakeng tsa mealo ea liphaephe se thibela ho hohlana le tšenyo ea ho roala.
Li-cap tsa ho qetela:Likoahelo tsa polasetiki kapa tsa tšepe li beoa lipheletsong ka bobeli tsa phaephe ka 'ngoe (kapa polasetiki e phuthelang lipheletsong tse betliloeng) ho sireletsa lipheletsong tse betliloeng, lipheletsong tse se nang letho, le likhokahano tse nang le khoele ho tloha tšenyong ea tšusumetso, ho kena ha lithōle le mongobo.
Masale a Tšepe a Mahlabelo (O ka ikhethela):Bakeng sa ho kenya liphaephe tse hlokang tšireletso e ntlafalitsoeng ea pheletso nakong ea ho khanna liqubu, masale a tšepe a sa feleng (hangata a bophara ba 50-100mm, botenya ba 6-12mm) a kopanngoa ho ea pheletsong ea ho khanna ea phaephe ka 'ngoe. Masale ana a monya litlhaselo tsa hamore ea ho khanna 'me a sireletsa pheletso ea phaephe hore e se ke ea fetoha.
Ho betla le ho roka:Bakeng sa diotara tsa boleng bo hodimo tsa ho romela thepa kantle ho naha, thepa ya ho tlama e kang masale a foam, di-strips tsa rabara, kapa lepolanka la patsi di sebediswa pakeng tsa mealo ya diphaephe ho thibela ho kgohlahala, tshenyo ya ho roala, le tshenyo ya tshusumetso nakong ya ho sebetsana le ho tsamaisa thepa.
Lintlha tsa ho Phahamisa:Li-lug tsa ho phahamisa kapa libaka tse khethiloeng tsa ho phahamisa li ka eketsoa liphaepheng tse boima (tse fetang 2,000 kg ka phaephe) ho nolofatsa ho laolla thepa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng moo e eang teng ho sebelisoa kreine kapa forklift.
Ho tsamaisa ka sekepe:
Mokhoa oa Lipalangoang:Liphaephe li romelloa ka likepe tsa lijana (lijana tsa 20ft kapa 40ft bakeng sa bophara bo bonyenyane), lijari tse kholo (tse arolang bongata bakeng sa bophara bo boholo le bophahamo bo boholo), kapa thepa ea terene, ho latela moo e eang teng, bophahamo ba odara, le potlako ea ho tlisa thepa. Likepe tsa thepa ea projeke li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa bophara bo boholo haholo kapa liphaephe tse telele haholo.
Ho kenya dikontenareng (Dimithara tse Nyane):Bakeng sa liphaephe tse nyane tse bophara ba tsona (hangata tse ka tlase ho 508mm / 20"), liphaephe li kenngoa ka har'a lijana tse tloaelehileng tsa ho romela thepa tsa 20ft kapa 40ft ho netefatsa hore lipalangoang li bolokehile ebile li hlophisehile. Ho kenya thepa ka har'a lijana ho sireletsa thepa maemong a leholimo, mongobo le litšila tse tsoang kantle. Moroalo o moholo oa lijana hangata ke lithane tse 20-25 ka sejana sa 20ft.
Ho Laela Likepe Tse Ngata (Bophara bo Boholo le Bongata bo Boholo):Bakeng sa diotara tsa boholo bo boholo (hangata tse fetang ditone tse 500) kapa diphaephe tse bophara bo boholo (tse fetang 508mm / 20"), diphaephe di kenngwa ka ho toba ka hara dijari tse kgolo kapa dikepeng tse kentsweng ka dikere. Dibalaka tsa ho phahamisa le di-spreader bars di thibela tshenyo nakong ya ho kenya. Ho tjhesa, ho qhaqha le ho tiisa diketane ho sebediswa ho thibela ho falla ha thepa nakong ya ho tsamaya lewatleng. Mokhoa ona o theko e tlase haholo bakeng sa merero e boima ya ho bokella dipeipi tsa lewatleng.
Lijana tse bataletseng kapa tse bulehileng tse ka holimo (Bolelele bo fetang / Bolelele bo fetang):Bakeng sa liphaephe tse fetang litekanyo tse tloaelehileng tsa setshelo (bolelele ba >12m kapa bophara ba >2.3m), lijana tse bataletseng tsa rack kapa lijana tse bulehileng tse ka holimo li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa bongata bo phutholohileng. Lijana tsena tse khethehileng li lumella ho tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ha thepa e kholo.
Ho Ngola le ho Fana ka Litokomane:Phanele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe kapa phaephe e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ngotsoe ka ho hlaka ka tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa ho kenyeletsoa le sehlopha sa thepa, maemo a tloaelehileng, litekanyo, nomoro ea mocheso, nomoro ea phaephe/phaephe, le litaelo tsa ho e sebetsana. Litokomane tse felletseng tsa ho romella li lokisetsoa ho tlosoa ha thepa le ho latela thepa.
Ho Latela Melao ea Meeto:Bakeng sa thomello ya matjhaba, ditokomane tsohle tse hlokahalang tsa lekgetho—ho kenyeletswa le invoice ya kgwebo, lenane la ho paka, bili ya thepa, Setifikeiti sa Tshimoloho (haeba ho hlokahala), Disetifikeiti tsa Teko ya Mill, le diphemiti dife kapa dife tse hlokahalang tsa ho reka kantle ho naha—di lokiseditswe ho netefatsa hore thepa e tloswa hantle koung eo e yang ho yona.
Ho tiisa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng:Ka hare ho koloi ea lipalangoang kapa setshelo, liphutheloana le liphaephe ka bonngoe li tlameletsoe ka thata le ho tšehetsoa ka ho sebelisa marapo a tšepe (ka litšireletso tsa likhutlo), mekotla ea lithōle, ho tšehetsoa ka mapolanka, kapa ho tlangoa ka ketane ho thibela ho sisinyeha, ho pitikoa, kapa ho sisinyeha ho ka bakang tšenyo nakong ea leeto.
Ho Latela le ho Hlokomela:Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho latela thepa e sebelisoa ho lekola boemo ba thomello le ho fana ka lintlafatso tsa sebaka ka nako ea sebele ho bareki. Linomoro tsa ho latela likhonteinara li fanoa bakeng sa thomello eohle ea likhonteinara. Ho latela likepe hoa fumaneha bakeng sa thomello e kholo.
Inshorense:Ho latela boleng ba odara le litlhoko tsa bareki, inshorense ea thepa ea likepe (Kotsi eohle kapa Ka karolelano ea tšireletso) e ka hlophisoa ho koahela tahlehelo kapa tšenyo e ka bang teng nakong ea lipalangoang. Bakeng sa merero ea ho bokella liqubu tsa likepe ea boleng bo holimo, inshorense e eketsehileng ea ho lokisa le ho kenya e ka khothaletsoa.
Moralo oa ho phahamisa lintho tse boima:Bakeng sa liphaephe tse boima haholo (tse fetang 5,000 kg ka phaephe), ho kgothaletswa ho hokahanya esale pele le kou ya ho ya bakeng sa disebediswa tsa ho tshwara diphaephe tse boima (dikereine tse nang le bokgoni bo lekaneng, di-spreader bars tse ikgethang). Womic Steel e fana ka dintlha tse qaqileng tsa thepa ho kenyeletswa le boima ba phaephe le boholo ba yona bakeng sa moralo wa projeke.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, Womic Steel e netefatsa hore liphaephe tsohle tsa tšepe ea leoatleng tsa ASTM A252 GR.3 le EN 10248 S355GP li pakiloe ka mehato ea tšireletso e etellang pele indastering 'me li romelloa ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tšepahalang ea lipalangoang ho fihla moo li eang teng li le boemong bo botle. Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho paka le ho romela thepa e bohlokoa ho boloka botšepehi le boleng ba lihlahisoa tse tlisoang, haholo-holo bakeng sa merero ea bohlokoa ea motheo oa leoatle.
10. Melemo le Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa ka Tšepe ea Womic - Pipe ea ho Bokella Tšepe ea Marine
Hobaneng o ka Sebelisana le Womic Steel bakeng sa Marine Piling Pipe?
Mefuta e Felletseng ea Mekhoa le Boholo:Mekhoa ea ERW (219mm-660mm OD) le LSAW/SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) ka bobeli li fumaneha tlas'a marulelo a le mong, e leng se felisang tlhoko ea bafepedi ba bangata. Botenya ba lebota bo fihlang ho 50.8mm le bolelele bo fihlang ho 60m bo fumaneha bakeng sa merero e tebileng ea motheo.
Bokgoni ba Maemo a Kopaneng:Ho latela ka botlalo maemo a ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) le EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP), hammoho le maemo a tlatsetsang (API 5L, EN 10219, JIS A5525, jj.). Mofani a le mong bakeng sa litlhoko tse ngata tsa 'maraka.
Tsepamiso ea Likepe le Linaheng Tse Ling:Phihlelo e ikhethang lits'ebetsong tsa ho kenya lipeipi tsa leoatleng le lebōpong la leoatle ho kenyeletsoa kaho ea likou, liforomo tsa leoatleng, metheo ea borokho le merero ea tšireletso ea lebopong. Kutloisiso ea tšireletso ea mafome a leoatleng le litlhoko tsa khatello ea ho khanna.
Masale a Tšepe a Mahlabelo:Ho tjheseletsa masale a tshepe a sehlabelo ka hare ho dipheletso tsa ho kganna diphaephe bakeng sa tshireletso e ntlafetseng nakong ya tshebetso ya ho kganna diphaephe, ho fokotsa ho fetoha ha dipheletso tsa phaephe le tieho ya ho e kenya.
Litšebeletso tse Ekelitsoeng Boleng:Ho bevel ha qetello (30°-35°), ho seha ha pheletso e se nang letho, ho koahela ka tšireletso (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Galvanizing), le ho phuthela ho thibelang ho bola ho fumaneha ka tlung kapa ka lits'ebeletso tsa balekane ba tšoanelehang.
Bokgoni ba Bolelele bo Bolelele:Bolelele bo le bong ba ho fihlela ho 60m bakeng sa merero e tebileng ea motheo, e fokotsang litlhoko tsa ho kopanya masimo le nako ea ho kenya. Bolelele bo ikhethileng bo fumaneha ntle le litefiso tse eketsehileng bakeng sa mefuta e tloaelehileng.
Thepa ea Tlholisano:Tšebelisano-'moho ea maano le barekisi ba thepa ba lefats'e ka bophara le litsebi tsa thepa ea merero li netefatsa hore ho jarolloa thepa hantle (setshelo, sekepe se robehileng, kapa sekepe sa projeke) le ho romelloa ha thepa lefatšeng ka bophara ka theko e tlase bakeng sa liphaephe tse boima le tse kholo tsa ho bokella thepa.
Litokomane tse Felletseng:Litifikeiti tsa Teko e Felletseng ea Mill (EN 10204 Mofuta oa 2.2, 3.1, kapa 3.2), litlaleho tsa NDT (UT, RT), litlaleho tsa litekanyo, le litokomane tsa ho sala morao li fanoe bakeng sa thomello e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Tlhahlobo ea mokha oa boraro (SGS, BV, TÜV, LR, DNV) e nolofalitsoe ha ho kopuoa.
Khetha Womic Steel Group e le molekane oa hau ea tšepahalang bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa leoatleng tsa ASTM A252 GR.3 le EN 10248 S355GP tsa boleng bo holimo le ts'ebetso e sa hlōloeng ea phano bakeng sa merero ea likepe, mabopong a leoatle le motheo o tebileng lefatšeng ka bophara. Rea u amohela ho botsa!
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Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa) - Pipe ea ho Lula ka Tšepe ea Leoatleng
P: Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa ASTM A252 GR.3 le EN 10248 S355GP bakeng sa ho bokella dipeipi tsa lewatleng?
A: ASTM A252 GR.3 (tekanyetso ea Amerika) e na le matla a bonyane a tlhahiso a 345 MPa (50,000 psi), ha EN 10248 S355GP (tekanyetso ea Europe) e na le matla a bonyane a tlhahiso a 355 MPa (51,500 psi). EN 10248 S355GP e boetse e na le meeli e thata hanyane ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale (C, P, S e tlase) le litlhoko tsa tlhahlobo ea tšusumetso ea mocheso o tlase tse ikhethileng. Ka bobeli li loketse lits'ebetso tsa ho bokella liqubu tsa leoatleng. Khetho hangata e itšetlehile ka litlhaloso tsa projeke le khetho ea maemo a libaka. Bakeng sa merero ea Amerika le Asia e latelang maemo a API/ASTM, GR.3 e khethoa. Bakeng sa merero ea Europe, Bochabela bo Hare le Afrika, S355GP e hlalosoa hangata.
P: Ke mokhoa ofe oa tlhahiso oo ke lokelang ho o khetha bakeng sa projeke ea ka ea liphaephe tsa ho bokella - ERW kapa LSAW?
K: Bakeng sa bophara ba kantle ho fihlela ho 660mm (di-inchi tse 26), ERW ka kakaretso e theko e tlase haholo mme e fana ka dinako tse potlakileng tsa tlhahiso. Bakeng sa bophara ho tloha ho 508mm ho isa ho 3,000mm (di-inchi tse 20 ho isa ho tse 120), LSAW e a hlokahala kaha theknoloji ya ERW e ke ke ya hlahisa bophara bona bo boholo. Bakeng sa bophara bo fetang 3,000mm (di-inchi tse 120), SSAW (spiral welded) e ka nahanelwa. Ditlhoko tsa botenya ba lebota le tsona di susumetsa kgetho ya tshebetso - LSAW e ka fihlella mabota a teteaneng (ho fihlela ho 50.8mm) ha e bapiswa le ERW (hangata ho fihla ho 25.4mm). Womic Steel e ka eletsa ka tshebetso e ntle ho latela ditlhoko tsa hao tse ikgethang tsa boholo le tekanyetso ya projeke.
P: Lesale la tšepe la sehlabelo ke eng 'me le lokela ho sebelisoa neng?
K: Lesale la tšepe le entsoeng sehlabelo ke karolo e kgutshwane ya tshepe (hangata e bophara ba 50-100mm, botenya ba 6-12mm, phaephe e tshwanang le OD) e kopantsweng ho ya pheletsong e kgannang ya phaephe e kgobokanyang. E monya matla a ho tshwarwa ke hamore e kgannang ya qubu, e sireletsa pheletso ya phaephe hore e se ke ya fetoha, ya kgopama, kapa ya petsoha. Masale a sehlabelo a kgothaletswa bakeng sa:
● Maemo a ho kganna ka thata (lehlabathe le teteaneng, lehlohlojane, masokete a mafika)
● Lihamore tse boima tse khannang liqubu tse ngata (tšusumetso e matla haholo)
● Liphaephe tse leboteng le lesesaane (karolelano ea bophara ho ea botenya > 50)
● Merero ea bohlokoa moo tšenyo ea liphaephe e ka bakang tieho ea kemiso
● Liphaephe tse hlokang ho se kene metsi ka mor'a ho khanna
P: Ke dikgetho dife tsa bolelele tse fumanehang bakeng sa phaephe ya ho kenya dipeipi tsa lewatleng? Na o ka fana ka bolelele bo bolelele ho fokotsa ho kopanya masimo?
K: Bolelele bo tloaelehileng ke 6m, 12m, le 18m. Bakeng sa merero e tebileng ea motheo le ea likepe, re fana ka bolelele bo ikhethileng ho fihlela ho 60m (maoto a 200) ho latela bophara le botenya ba lebota. Bolelele bo bolelele bo eketsehileng bo fana ka melemo e meholo: palo e fokotsehileng ea li-splices tsa masimo (litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ho kenya, kemiso e potlakileng), ho ntlafala ha ho tsoela pele ha sebopeho, le kotsi e fokotsehileng ea liphoso tsa weld. Leha ho le joalo, bolelele bo bolelele bo hloka lipalangoang tse khethehileng (lijana tsa rack e bataletseng, likepe tse kholo, kapa thepa ea projeke) 'me li ka ba le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa thepa. Re khothaletsa ho ntlafatsa bolelele ho latela litlhoko tsa projeke, likhetho tsa lipalangoang, le lithibelo tsa phihlello ea sebaka. Ka kopo fana ka lintlha tsa projeke ea hau bakeng sa ho fumaneha ha bolelele bo itseng le nako ea pele.
P: Ke dikgetho dife tsa ho kwahela tse fumanehang bakeng sa diphaephe tsa ho kenya dipeipi tsa lewatleng ho sireletsa kgahlanong le mafome a metsi a lewatle?
K: Re fana ka dikgetho tse ngata tsa ho roala khahlanong le tshenyo bakeng sa dibaka tsa lewatle:
FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy):Lera le le leng kapa le habeli, ho khomarela ho babatsehang le ho hanyetsa ho arohana ha cathodic, botenya bo tloaelehileng ke 300-500 microns.
3LPE / 3LPP (Polyethylene e nang le mekhahlelo e meraro / Polypropylene):Tšireletso e phahameng ea mechini le ho hanyetsa mafome, botenya bo tloaelehileng ba 2.0-4.5mm, bo loketse libaka tse mabifi tsa leoatleng.
Epoxy ea Sekontiri sa Mashala:Ho hanyetsa metsi hantle le ho lumellana hantle ha tšireletso ea cathodic, botenya bo tloaelehileng ke li-micron tse 300-600.
Ho Chesa ka ho Hlakola ka Mocheso:Sekoahelo sa zinki (hangata di-micron tse 85-100), se fana ka tshireletso e ikgethang dibakeng tsa tshenyo ya sekoahelo.
Epoxy ea Metsi:Sekoahelo se kentsweng tshimong bakeng sa ho lokisa le ho lokisa.
Sekoahelo sa Boima ba Konkreite (CWC):Bakeng sa liphaephe tse qoelitsoeng tse hlokang ho phaphamala ho sa lokelang.
Bakeng sa boholo ba lits'ebetso tsa ho bokella likhoele tsa leoatleng, sekoahelo sa 3LPE kapa FBE se kopantsoeng le tšireletso ea cathodic (li-anode tsa sehlabelo kapa motlakase o khahliloeng) ke tekanyetso ea indasteri. Khetho ea sekoahelo e itšetlehile ka maemo a metsi a leoatle (mocheso, letsoai, oksijene), bophelo ba moralo (lilemo tse 20-50), le tekanyetso ea projeke.
P: Na o ka fana ka phaephe ya ho bokella ka tlhahlobo ya motho wa boraro (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, LR)?
K: E. Re amohela le ho thusa ho hlahloba ke DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, kapa moemeli ofe kapa ofe ea khethiloeng ke moreki nakong ea tlhahiso (ho bona liteko tsa thepa e tala, tlhahlobo ea litekanyo, NDT, le tlhahlobo ea ho qetela) le pele ho thomello. 3.2 Lisetifikeiti tsa tlhahlobo tse netefalitsoeng ke mekhatlo ea motho oa boraro e lumelletsoeng li fanoa khafetsa ha li kopuoa. Bakeng sa merero ea mose ho maoatle le ea leoatle e hlokang tumello ea mokhatlo oa lihlopha (DNV, ABS, LR, BV), re sebelisana ka kotloloho le mokhatlo bakeng sa ho ba teng ha bafuputsi le tumello ea litokomane.
P: Ke liteko life tse sa senyeheng (NDT) tse hlokahalang bakeng sa phaephe ea ho bokella lipeipi tsa leoatleng?
A: Bakeng sa ASTM A252 GR.3, litlhoko tse tloaelehileng tsa NDT li lekanyelitsoe (ha ho na NDT e tlamang bakeng sa kereiti e tloaelehileng). Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa leoatleng le tsa leoatleng, re khothaletsa 'me re ka fana ka:
Teko ea Ultrasonic ea 100% (UT)ea seam ea weld le 'mele oa phaephe (bakeng sa LSAW le ERW)
Tlhahlobo ea Likaroloana tsa Magnetic (MPI)ea menoana ea maoto e tšetsoeng ka weld le sebaka se amehileng ke mocheso
Teko ea X-ray (RT)ea seam e tjheseletsoeng (letheba kapa bolelele bo felletseng)
Ho hlahloba Laminar UTea mathoko a poleiti pele ho tjheseletsa (bakeng sa LSAW)
Bakeng sa EN 10248 S355GP, liteko tse tlatsetsang ho kenyeletsoa UT kapa MPI li ka hlalosoa ke moreki. Kamehla re khothaletsa ho buisana ka litlhoko tsa NDT mohatong oa khotheishene ho netefatsa boholo ba liteko le litokomane tse nepahetseng.
P: Ke bolelele bo bokae bo boholo boo u ka bo fanang ka phaephe ea ho bokella e nang le bophara bo boholo (mohlala, 2,000mm OD × 25mm WT)?
A: Bakeng sa 2,000mm OD × 25mm WT, re ka fana ka bolelele bo le bong ho fihlela ho 24m (hoo e ka bang maoto a 80) bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea LSAW. Bakeng sa bophara bo kaholimo ho 1,500mm, bolelele bo boholo hangata bo lekanyetsoa ke ho fumaneha ha boholo ba poleiti le lithibelo tsa lipalangoang. Ka kopo ikopanye le rona ka litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethileng tsa boholo (OD, WT, bolelele, bongata) bakeng sa tlhahlobo e qaqileng ea bokhoni le khotheishene ea nako ea pele. Bakeng sa merero e hlokang bolelele bo fetang meeli e tloaelehileng ea lipalangoang (mohlala, >24m bakeng sa bophara bo boholo), re ka thusa ka moralo oa thepa ea projeke ho kenyeletsoa le sekepe kapa litokisetso tse khethehileng tsa lipalangoang.
P: Na le fana ka lits'ebeletso tse telele bakeng sa ho kenya liphaephe? Ke mamello efe eo le ka e fihlelang?
K: E. Re fana ka ho seha ka nepo ho fihlela bolelele bo nepahetseng bo boletsoeng ke moreki ka mamello e tiileng. Mamello e tloaelehileng ea bolelele ke +50mm / -0mm ho latela litlhoko tsa ASTM A252 le EN 10248. Bakeng sa merero e hlokang mamello e haufi, re ka fihlella ±3mm bakeng sa bophara ba ho fihlela ho 660mm (ERW) le ±5mm bakeng sa bophara bo boholo (LSAW) ka ts'ebetso e eketsehileng. Ho seha ho ka lateloa ke ho beveling ha pheletso (sekhutlo sa bevel sa 30°-35° ka ho lulisa ha 1.6mm ±0.8mm) bakeng sa ho welding ha field butt kapa ho qeta pheletso e bonolo ha ho hlokahala. Ka kopo hlalosa litlhoko tsa hau tsa mamello mohatong oa khotheishene.
P: Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho etella pele bakeng sa phaephe ea likepe ea ASTM A252 GR.3 kapa EN 10248 S355GP ke efe?
K: Linako tse tloaelehileng tsa ho etella pele bakeng sa phaephe ea ho bokella e hlahisoang ke leloala (eseng ho tsoa setokong) ke matsatsi a ka bang 30-45 bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ERW le matsatsi a 45-60 bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea LSAW, ho latela bongata ba odara, bophara, botenya ba lebota, le litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa tlhahlobo. Litaelo tse potlakileng (matsatsi a 20-30) li ka fumaneha bakeng sa bongata bo bonyenyane kapa bakeng sa boholo bo tloaelehileng bo hlahisoang ho tsoa thepa ea setoko. Bakeng sa merero e hlokang tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro (SGS, BV, DNV, jj.), eketsa matsatsi a 5-10 bakeng sa kemiso ea tlhahlobo le litokomane. Bakeng sa ho koahela (FBE, 3LPE, jj.), eketsa matsatsi a 10-20 ho latela mofuta oa ho koahela le bongata. Ka kopo ikopanye le rona ka kemiso ea projeke ea hau bakeng sa khotheishene ea hona joale ea nako ea ho etella pele.
P: Ke litokomane life tse fanoang bakeng sa thomello e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea phaephe ea ho bokella lipeipi tsa leoatleng?
K: Thomello ka 'ngoe e kenyelletsa litokomane tse felletseng:
Setifikeiti sa Teko ea Mill (MTC):ho ya ka EN 10204 Mofuta wa 3.1 (kapa Mofuta wa 2.2 / 3.2 ha o kopuwa) ho kenyeletswa le sebopeho sa dikhemikhale, thepa ya ho thapolla, le diphetho tsa teko tse sebetsang
Tlaleho ea Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyo:ho kenyeletsoa OD, WT, bolelele, ho otloloha, ho chitja
Litlaleho tsa Teko tse sa Senyeheng:Litlaleho tsa UT (ho weld le 'mele), litlaleho tsa RT (haeba li boletsoe), litlaleho tsa MPI
Litokomane tsa ho Latela Moralo:palo ea mocheso ho ea ho lirekoto tsa ho latela liphaephe tse felileng
Lenane la ho paka:lethathamo le qaqileng la sephutheloana/phaephe le nang le bongata, litekanyo le boima
Phatlalatso ea Invoice ea Khoebo le Pakete:bakeng sa tumello ea lekhetho
Setifikeiti sa Tšimoloho:haeba ho hlokahala ke naha eo o yang ho yona (C/O, Foromo E, kapa e nngwe)
Litlaleho tsa ho Koahela:haeba ho kentsoe sekoahelo (botenya, ho khomarela, ho lemoha matsatsi a phomolo)
Bakeng sa EN 10248 S355GP, litokomane tse ling tse kenyeletsang phatlalatso ea ho tšoaea CE le Phatlalatso ea Ts'ebetso (DoP) li ka fanoa ha ho kopuoa.
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