Kakaretso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Alloy
Tlhaloso ea Alloy
Alloy ke motsoako oa homogeneous o entsoeng ka litšepe tse peli kapa ho feta, kapa motsoako oa litšepe le likarolo tse seng tsa tšepe, tse nang le litšobotsi tsa tšepe. Mohopolo o ka morao ho moralo oa alloy ke ho kopanya likarolo ka tsela ea ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mochini, ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale ho fihlela litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.
Classification of Alloy Materials
Lisebelisoa tsa alloy li ka aroloa ho latela likarolo tsa tsona tsa mantlha le thepa ka tsela e latelang:
● Ferrous Alloys:Tsena ke li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho tšepe tse nang le likarolo tse ekelitsoeng joalo ka khabone, manganese le silicon, tse sebelisoang haholo indastering ea ho etsa tšepe le ea ho lahla.
● Lisebelisoa tsa Aluminium:Tsena ke li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho aluminium tse nang le likarolo tse kang koporo, magnesium le zinki, tse tsejoang ka ho ba bobebe, matla, le ho ba le conductivity e babatsehang le thepa ea mocheso.
● Lisebelisoa tsa Koporo:Tsena ke li-alloys tse thehiloeng ka koporo tse nang le likarolo tse ekelitsoeng joalo ka zinki, tin, le lead, tse fanang ka ts'ebetso e ntle, ho hanyetsa kutu le ho sebetsa hantle.
●Maemeli a Magnesium:Li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho Magnesium, tseo hangata li kopantsoeng le aluminium, zinki le manganese, ke litšepe tse bobebe ka ho fetesisa tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho tsieleha le ho qhala mocheso.
●Nickel Alloys:Li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel li na le likarolo tse kang chromium, tšepe le cobalt, 'me li bonts'a ho hanyetsa kutu le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mocheso.
●Titanium Alloys:Li tsejoa ka matla a tsona a phahameng, boima bo tlase, le khanyetso e ikhethang ea kutu, li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho titanium li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa sefofane.
Li-alloys tsa Ferrous
Sebopeho le Thepa ea Ferrous Alloys
Li-alloys tse nang le tšepe li entsoe ka tšepe e nang le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa alloying tse ntlafatsang thepa ea tsona ea mochini. Lintlha tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
●Khabone:E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa motsoako, ho fapana ha carbon content ka li-alloys tsa ferrous ho ama ho thatafala le ho tiea. Li-alloys tse nang le carbon e phahameng li fana ka boima bo eketsehileng empa bo se na boima bo fokolang.
●Silicone:Silicon e ntlafatsa matla le ho tiea ha li-alloys tse nang le tšepe 'me hangata e sebelisoa ho li-alloys tsa silicon-iron bakeng sa ho etsa tšepe e le deoxidizer le alloying alloy.
●Manganese:Manganese e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho eketsa matla le ho tiea ha li-alloys tse nang le tšepe, 'me li-alloys tsa ferromanganese li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa le ho hola ha tšepe.
●Chromium:Li-alloys tsa chromium-iron li fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea kutu le matla a mocheso o phahameng, a atisang ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa tšepe e sa hloekang le litšepe tse khethehileng.
Lisebelisoa tsa Ferrous Alloys
Li-alloys tsa Ferrous li sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa:
●Indasteri ea Ho Etsa Litšepe:Li-alloys tsa ferrous ke li-additives tsa bohlokoa tlhahiso ea tšepe, e sebelisetsoang ho fetola sebopeho sa tšepe le ho ntlafatsa thepa ea eona.
●Indasteri ea ho Lahla:Ts'ebetsong ea ho lahla, li-alloys tsa ferrous li ntlafatsa thepa ea mochini le ho tšoarella ha lihlahisoa tsa tšepe.
● Lisebelisoa tsa ho Welding:Li-alloys tse nang le li-ferrous li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lithupa tsa welding le flux ho etsa bonnete ba hore manonyeletso a boleng bo holimo a weld.
●Liindasteri tsa K'hemik'hale le Fertilizer:Li-alloys tsa ferrous li sebetsa e le li-catalyst le lisebelisoa tse fokotsang tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale le manyolo.
●Ho sebetsa ka tšepe:Li-alloys tsa ferrous li sebelisoa lithulusing tse kang lisebelisoa tsa ho seha le hlobo, ho ntlafatsa ho tšoarella ha tsona le ho sebetsa hantle.
Lisebelisoa tsa Aluminium
Litšobotsi tsa Bohlokoa tsa Aluminium Alloys
Li-alloys tsa aluminium li tumme ka boima ba tsona bo bobebe, matla a phahameng, le ho sebetsa habonolo, ho etsa hore e be tsa bohlokoa liindastering tsa sejoale-joale. Litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
●E bobebe:Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li na le boima bo tlase ba hoo e ka bang 2.7 g/cm³, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng lits'ebetso tse hlokang ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele.
●Matla a Phahameng:Ka motsoako le kalafo ea mocheso, li-alloys tsa aluminium li ka fumana matla a holimo, ka li-alloys tse fetang 500 MPa.
●Tsamaiso e Ntle:Aluminium e hloekileng ke mokhanni o motle oa motlakase le mocheso, 'me lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li boloka karolo e kholo ea thepa ena.
●Corrosion Resistance:Sebopeho sa tlhaho sa oxide layer holim'a li-alloys tsa aluminium, se fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea kutu, 'me liphekolo tse khethehileng li ka ntlafatsa thepa ena.
● Ho sebetsa habonolo:Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li bonts'a polasetiki e ntle, e li etsang hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ho lahla, tsa extrusion le tsa forging.
Mephato le Lisebelisoa tsa Aluminium Alloys
Li-alloys tsa aluminium li arotsoe ho ipapisitsoe le likarolo tsa tsona tsa mantlha tsa motsoako le thepa. Limaraka tse ling tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
●1xxx Letoto:Aluminium e hloekileng, e nang le aluminium e fetang 99.00%, e sebelisoang haholo indastering ea motlakase le thepa ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea bareki.
●2xxx Letoto:Koporo ke karolo ea mantlha ea alloying, e ntlafatsang matla haholo kamora kalafo ea mocheso, e sebelisoang hangata lits'ebetsong tsa sefofane.
●3xxx Series:Manganese ke karolo ea mantlha ea alloying, e fanang ka khanyetso e ntle ea kutu, e sebelisoang haholo ho ahong le thepa ea meralo.
●4xxx Series:Silicon ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong ea alloying, e fanang ka ho hanyetsa mocheso le thepa e ntle ea welding, e loketseng lisebelisoa tsa ho tjheseletsa le likarolo tse thibelang mocheso.
●5xxx Series:Magnesium ke eona ntho ea mantlha ea alloying, e fanang ka thepa e ntle ea mochini le ho hanyetsa kutu, e sebelisoang indastering ea likepe, tsa likoloi le tsa sefofane.
●6xxx Series:Magnesium le silicon ke likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa alloying, tse fanang ka matla a matle le ts'ebetso e sebetsang, e sebelisoang hangata ho thepa ea meralo.
●7xxx Series:Zinc ke ntho e ka sehloohong ea motsoako, 'me li-alloys tsena li fana ka matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa, a atisang ho sebelisoa meahong ea lifofane le lits'ebetsong tse matla haholo.
●8xxx Series:E na le likarolo tse ling tse kang tšepe le nickel, tse fanang ka matla a matle le conductivity, tse sebelisoang haholo indastering ea motlakase.
Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li sebelisoa makaleng a fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa:
● Sepakapaka:Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium tse bobebe le tse matla haholo li bohlokoa bakeng sa meaho le likarolo tsa sefofane.
●Lipalangoang:Li-alloys tsa aluminium li sebelisetsoa ho etsa likarolo tse bobebe tsa likoloi le tsa terene, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mafura.
●Indasteri ea Motlakase:Aluminium ke thepa e ratoang bakeng sa likhoele le li-transformer
●Kaho:Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium li sebelisoa haholo meahong ea meralo, liforeimi tsa lifensetere, mamati le marulelo ka lebaka la matla a tsona, ho hanyetsa kutu le ponahalo e ntle.
●Ho paka:Lisebelisoa tsa aluminium, haholo-holo ka mokhoa oa li-foil le makotikoti, li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea ho paka hobane li bobebe, ha li na chefo, 'me li ka sebelisoa hape.
Lisebelisoa tsa Koporo
Sebopeho le Thepa ea Copper Alloys
Li-alloys tsa koporo li tsejoa ka mokhoa oa tsona o motle oa ho tsamaisa motlakase le mocheso, ho hanyetsa kutu, le bonolo ba ho etsoa. Li-alloys tse tloaelehileng tsa koporo li kenyelletsa:
● Koporo (Koporo-Zinc Alloy):E tsebahala ka matla a eona, ductility, le ho hanyetsa ho bola, koporo e atisa ho sebelisoa ha ho sebelisoa mechine, li-plumbing le liletsa tsa 'mino.
●Boronse (Koporo-Tin Alloy):Alloy ena e fana ka khanyetso e phahameng ea kutu, ho thatafala le ho se mamelle, hangata e sebelisoang ho li-bearings, bushings le lits'ebetsong tsa metsing.
● Koporo-Nickel Alloys:Li-alloys tsena li fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea kutu libakeng tsa leoatle, li etsa hore e be tse loketseng kaho ea likepe, lipolanete tse kantle ho naha le limela tsa ho tlosa letsoai.
● Koporo ea Beryllium:Ka matla a phahameng, ho thatafala, le ho hanyetsa ho bola, koporo ea beryllium e atisa ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng, lihokelo tsa motlakase le liliba.
Lisebelisoa tsa Copper Alloys
Li-alloys tsa koporo li sebeletsa mefuta e mengata ea liindasteri ka lebaka la ho feto-fetoha ha tsona le thepa e ikhethang:
●Indasteri ea Motlakase:Li-alloys tsa koporo li sebelisoa haholo lihokelong tsa motlakase, lithapo le likaroloana ka lebaka la tšebetso ea tsona e ntle haholo.
● Ho sebetsana le Liphaephe le Mekelikeli:Brass le bronze li sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa li-valve, li-fittings, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa lipeipi ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ho bola ha tsona.
●Indasteri ea Maoatleng:Li-alloys tsa koporo-nickel li ratoa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea metsing ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha tsona ho hoholo ha metsi a leoatle.
● Precision Engineering:Koporo ea Beryllium e sebelisoa lithulusing, thepa e sa cheseheng, le likaroloana tse nepahetseng ka lebaka la matla le ho tšoarella ha eona.
Magnesium Alloys
Litšobotsi tsa Magnesium Alloys
Magnesium alloys ke litšepe tse bobebe ka ho fetesisa, tse nang le karo-karolelano e matla ea boima ba 'mele, ho monya ho ts'oha, le ho sebetsa hantle. Lintho tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
●E bobebe:Li-alloys tsa Magnesium li bobebe ho feta aluminium ka 35% le 78% e bobebe ho feta tšepe, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea boima ba 'mele.
● Ho sebetsa hantle:Li-alloys tsa Magnesium li na le machinability e ntle haholo, e lumellang hore likarolo tse rarahaneng le tse nepahetseng li etsoe ka nepo.
● Ho Monya Shock:Li-alloys tsena li na le thepa e ntle ea ho monya ho ts'oenyeha, e li etsang hore li sebelisoe lits'ebetsong tsa likoloi le tsa sefofane.
● Ho Felisa Mocheso:Li-alloys tsa Magnesium li fana ka mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho qhala mocheso, oa bohlokoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le likarolo tse phahameng tsa mocheso.
Lisebelisoa tsa Magnesium Alloys
Ka lebaka la boima ba bona bo bobebe le matla, li-alloys tsa magnesium li sebelisoa liindastering tse fapaneng:
●Indasteri ea Likoloi:Magnesium alloys e sebelisoa likarolong tsa enjene, matlo a phetisetso, le mabili ho fokotsa boima ba koloi le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mafura.
●Indasteri ea Sefofane:Li-alloys tsa Magnesium li sebelisoa likarolong tsa lifofane le likarolo tsa sefofane moo ho leng bohlokoa ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele.
● Tsa elektroniki:Li-alloys tsa Magnesium li sebelisoa ha ho etsoa lilaptop, lik'hamera le mehala ea thekeng ka lebaka la matla a tsona le thepa ea ho felisa mocheso.
●Lisebelisoa tsa Bongaka:Li-alloys tsa Magnesium li sebelisoa ho li-implants tsa bioresorbable le lisebelisoa tsa masapo ka lebaka la ho lumellana ha tsona.
Lisebelisoa tsa Nickel
Thepa ea Nickel Alloys
Li-alloys tsa nickel li tsebahala ka ho hanyetsa ha tsona ho hoholo ha kutu, botsitso ba mocheso o phahameng, le matla a mochini. Hangata li kopantsoe le chromium, tšepe, le likarolo tse ling ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso maemong a feteletseng. Lintho tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
●Corrosion Resistance:Li-alloys tsa nickel li na le khanyetso e ntle ea oxidation le kutu maemong a thata, ho kenyeletsoa metsi a leoatle le maemo a asiti.
●Matla a Mocheso o Phahameng:Li-alloys tsa Nickel li boloka matla a tsona mochesong o phahameng, li etsa hore li tšoanelehe ho sebelisoa sebakeng sa sefofane le lits'ebetsong tsa ho hlahisa matla.
● Wear Resistance:Li-alloys tsa nickel li fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea ho apara, e leng ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse hlokang ho tšoarella nako e telele.
Lisebelisoa tsa Nickel Alloys
Li-alloys tsa nickel li sebelisoa ha ho hlokahala lits'ebetso ho pholletsa le likarolo tse fapaneng:
●Indasteri ea Sefofane:Li-superalloy tse thehiloeng ho nickel li sebelisoa lienjineng tsa jet, li-blade tsa turbine, le likarolo tse ling tsa mocheso o phahameng ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa mocheso.
● Tšebeliso ea Lik'hemik'hale:Li-alloys tsa nickel li sebelisoa ho li-reactors, li-heaters tsa mocheso, le tsamaiso ea liphaephe moo ho hanyetsanang le kutu le mocheso o phahameng ho hlokahalang.
●Tlhahiso ea Matla:Li-alloys tsa Nickel li sebelisoa ho li-reactors tsa nyutlelie le li-turbine tsa khase ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba mocheso o phahameng le ho hanyetsa ho bola.
●Indasteri ea Maoatleng:Li-alloys tsa Nickel li sebelisoa libakeng tsa leoatle bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kang lipompo, li-valve le lisebelisoa tsa ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle.
Lisebelisoa tsa Titanium
Litšobotsi tsa Titanium Alloys
Li-alloys tsa Titanium li bobebe empa li matla, li na le khanyetso e ikhethang ho kutu le botsitso ba mocheso o phahameng. Lintho tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa:
●Karolelano e Phahameng ea Matla ho isa ho Boima:Li-alloys tsa Titanium li matla joalo ka tšepe empa li batla li le bobebe ka 45%, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng sebakeng sa sefofane le lits'ebetso tse sebetsang hantle.
●Corrosion Resistance:Li-alloys tsa Titanium li fana ka khanyetso e ikhethang ho kutu, haholo-holo metsing a leoatle le tikoloho ea lik'hemik'hale.
● Biocompatibility:Li-alloys tsa Titanium lia lumellana, li etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa li-implants le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka.
●Botsitso ba Mocheso o Phahameng:Li-alloys tsa Titanium li ka mamella mocheso o feteletseng, li boloka matla le botšepehi ba tsona sebakeng sa lifofane le lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri.
Lisebelisoa tsa Titanium Alloys
Li-alloys tsa Titanium li sebelisoa haholo liindastering moo matla a phahameng, boima bo bobebe, le ho hanyetsa kutu li leng bohlokoa haholo:
●Indasteri ea Sefofane:Li-alloys tsa Titanium li sebelisoa liforeiming tsa sefofane, likarolo tsa enjene, le likere tse thellang ka lebaka la matla a tsona a phahameng le ho boloka boima ba 'mele.
●Lisebelisoa tsa Bongaka:Li-alloys tsa Titanium li sebelisoa ho li-implants tsa masapo, li-implants tsa meno, le lisebelisoa tsa ho buoa ka lebaka la ho lumellana ha tsona le ho tšoarella ha tsona.
●Indasteri ea Maoatleng:Li-alloys tsa Titanium li sebelisoa likarolong tse ka tlas'a leoatle, kaho ea likepe, le ho cheka ka ntle ho lebopo ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ho bola ha tsona.
●Industrial Application:Li-alloys tsa Titanium li sebelisoa lifemeng tse sebetsanang le lik'hemik'hale, ho fehla motlakase, le lits'ebetso tsa likoloi bakeng sa likarolo tse hlokang matla le ho hanyetsa ho bola.
Qetello
Lisebelisoa tsa alloy li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa liindastering tsa sejoale-joale, li fana ka litharollo tse lokiselitsoeng ka motsoako o ikhethang oa matla, boima, ho hanyetsa kutu le ho tšoarella. Ho tloha sebakeng sa sefofane ho ea ho likoloi, kaho ho isa ho lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, ho feto-fetoha ha thepa ea alloy ho etsa hore e be tsa bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata. Ebang ke matla a phahameng a lialloys tse entsoeng ka tšepe, thepa e bobebe ea lialloi tsa aluminium, kapa ho hanyetsa ho bola ha nickel le li-alloys tsa titanium, li-alloys li entsoe ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa lefatše la kajeno le tsoetseng pele la theknoloji.
Nako ea poso: Oct-17-2024