Liphaephe tsa OCTGli sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho cheka liliba tsa oli le khase le ho tsamaisa oli le khase.E kenyelletsa liphaephe tse phunyang oli, mekotla ea oli le lipeipi tse ntšang oli.Liphaephe tsa OCTGli sebelisoa haholo-holo ho hokahanya melala ea ho cheka le likotoana tsa ho phunya le ho fetisa matla a ho cheka.Petroleum casing e sebelisoa haholo-holo ho tšehetsa seliba nakong ea ho cheka le ka mor'a ho phethoa, ho etsa bonnete ba hore mosebetsi o tloaelehileng oa seliba sohle sa oli nakong ea ho cheka le ka mor'a ho phethoa.Oli le khase tse ka tlaase ho seliba sa oli li tsamaisoa haholo-holo holimo ka pompo ea ho pompa oli.
Khase ea oli ke mokhoa oa bophelo oa ho boloka ts'ebetso ea liliba tsa oli.Ka lebaka la maemo a fapaneng a jeoloji, boemo ba khatello ka tlas'a lefatše bo rarahane, 'me litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa tsitsipano, khatello, ho kobeha le khatello ea maikutlo 'meleng oa casing li baka litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa boleng ba casing ka boeona.Hang ha khese ka boeona e senyehile ka lebaka le itseng, e ka lebisa phokotsong ea tlhahiso kapa esita le ho hlakoloa ha seliba kaofela.
Ho ea ka matla a tšepe ka boeona, casing e ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa tšepe, e leng J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150, joalo-joalo. le botebo.Libakeng tse senyang, ho boetse ho hlokahala hore casing ka boeona e be le khanyetso ea kutu.Libakeng tse nang le maemo a thata a jeoloji, ho boetse ho hlokahala hore casing e be le ts'ebetso ea anti collapse.
I. tsebo ea motheo ea OCTG Pipe
1, Mantsoe a khethehileng a amanang le tlhaloso ea phala ea peterole
API: ke khutsufatso ea American Petroleum Institute.
OCTG: Ke khutsufatso ea Oil Country Tubular Goods, e bolelang li-tubing tse khethehileng tsa oli, ho kenyelletsa le casing ea oli e felileng, phala ea ho phunya, li-collar tsa ho phunya, lihupu, manonyeletso a makhutšoane joalo-joalo.
Oli Tubing: Lithapo tse sebelisoang lilibeng tsa oli bakeng sa ho ntšoa ha oli, ho ntšoa ha khase, ente ea metsi le ho pshatla asiti.
Casing: Liphaephe tse theoleloang fatše ho tloha holim'a lefatše ho ea ka sekoting se chekiloeng e le lesela ho thibela ho putlama ha lerako la seliba.
Pipe ea ho phunya: Pipe e sebelisetsoang ho cheka likoti.
Pipe ea mola: Pipe e sebelisoang ho tsamaisa oli kapa khase.
Li-Circlips: Li-cylinders tse sebelisetsoang ho hokahanya liphaephe tse peli tse khoele ka likhoele tse ka hare.
Coupling material: Pipe e sebedisetswang ho etsa maqhama.
Likhoele tsa API: Likhoele tsa liphaephe tse boletsoeng ke maemo a API 5B, ho kenyeletsoa likhoele tse pota-potileng liphaephe tsa oli, likhoele tse khuts'oane tse pota-potileng, likhoele tse chitja tse telele, casing offset trapezoidal threads, line pipe likhoele joalo-joalo.
Buckle e Khethehileng: likhoele tse seng tsa API tse nang le thepa e khethehileng ea ho tiisa, thepa ea khokahano le lisebelisoa tse ling.
Ho hloleha: ho senyeha, ho robeha, ho senyeha ha holim'a metsi le ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi oa pele tlas'a maemo a khethehileng a tšebeletso.Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea ho hlōleha ha casing ea oli ke: extrusion, slippage, rupture, leakage, corrosion, bonding, apara joalo-joalo.
2, Litekanyetso tse amanang le peterole
API 5CT: Tlhaloso ea Casing le Tubing (hajoale ke mofuta oa morao-rao oa khatiso ea 8th)
API 5D: Litlhaloso tsa peipi ea ho cheka (mofuta oa morao-rao oa khatiso ea bohlano)
API 5L: Tlhaloso ea lipeipi tsa tšepe (mofuta oa morao-rao oa khatiso ea 44)
API 5B: Litlhaloso tsa ho etsa mochini, ho lekanya le ho hlahloba casing, phala ea oli le likhoele tsa lipeipi tsa mohala
GB/T 9711.1-1997: Maemo a tekheniki bakeng sa phano ea lipeipi tsa tšepe bakeng sa ho tsamaisa indasteri ea oli le khase Karolo ea 1: Lipeipi tsa tšepe tsa Sehlopha sa A
GB/T9711.2-1999: Maemo a tekheniki a phano ea lipeipi tsa tšepe bakeng sa ho tsamaisa indasteri ea oli le khase Karolo ea 2: Lipeipi tsa tšepe tsa Sehlopha sa B
GB/T9711.3-2005: Maemo a Setsebi a Phano ea Lipeipi tsa Tšepe bakeng sa Lipalangoang tsa Indasteri ea Petroleum le Khase ea Tlhaho Karolo ea 3: Pipe ea tšepe ea Grade C.
Ⅱ.Pipe ea oli
1. Sehlopha sa lipeipi tsa oli
Lipeipi tsa oli li arotsoe ka li-tubing tse Non-Upset (NU), li-tubing tsa External Upset (EU), le li-tubing tse kopantsoeng.Li-tubing tse sa ferekaneng li bolela ntlha ea liphaephe tse kentsoeng ntle le ho teteana le ho hlomelloa ka sehokelo.External Upset tubing e bolela liphaephe tse peli tse teteaneng ka ntle, tsa ntan'o kengoa 'me tsa kengoa li-clamp.Li-tubing tse kopantsoeng tse kopantsoeng li bolela phala e kopantsoeng ka ho toba ntle le ho kopana, 'me ntlha e' ngoe e tšeloa ka khoele e ka ntle e teteaneng ka hare, 'me ntlha e 'ngoe e tšeloa ka khoele e ka hare e teteaneng ka ntle.
2.Karolo ea li-tubing
①, ho ntšoa ha oli le khase: ka mor'a hore liliba tsa oli le khase li chekoe, 'me li kenngoe ka samente, li-tubing li kenngoa ka mokotleng oa oli ho ntša oli le khase fatše.
②, ente ea metsi: ha khatello ea metsi e sa lekana, kenya metsi ka selibeng ka li-tubing.
③, ente ea mouoane: Nakong ea ho khutlisa mocheso oa oli e teteaneng, mouoane o lokela ho kenngoa selibeng ka lipeipi tsa oli tse sirelelitsoeng.
(iv) Acidizing le fracturing: Qetellong ea ho cheka seliba kapa molemong oa ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea liliba tsa oli le khase, hoa hlokahala ho kenya li-acidizing le fracturing medium kapa lisebelisoa tsa pheko ho lera la oli le khase, lisebelisoa tsa ho phekola li tsamaisoa ka phala ea oli.
3.Mokhahlelo oa tšepe oa pipe ea oli
Likarolo tsa tšepe tsa pipe ea oli ke: H40, J55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110.
N80 e arotsoe ka N80-1 le N80Q, tse peli ke thepa e ts'oanang e ts'oanang, liphapang tse peli ke boemo ba phano le liphapano tsa ts'ebetso, phano ea N80-1 ka boemo bo tloaelehileng kapa ha mocheso oa ho qetela o le moholo ho feta tekano. mocheso o matla oa Ar3 le phokotso ea tsitsipano ka mor'a ho pholile ha moea, 'me e ka sebelisoa ho fumana mekhoa e meng ea ho etsa tlhahlobo e chesang e chesang, ea tšusumetso le e sa senyeheng ha e hlokehe;N80Q e tlameha ho halefa (ho tima le ho futhumatsa) Phekolo ea mocheso, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e lokela ho lumellana le litokisetso tsa API 5CT, 'me e lokela ho ba tlhahlobo e sa senyeheng.
L80 e arotsoe ka L80-1, L80-9Cr le L80-13Cr.Lintho tsa bona tsa mechine le boemo ba ho fana ka tsona li tšoana.Phapang ea ts'ebeliso, bothata ba tlhahiso le theko, L80-1 bakeng sa mofuta o akaretsang, L80- 9Cr le L80-13Cr ke li-tubing tse matla tsa ho thibela kutu, bothata ba tlhahiso, bo theko e boima, hangata bo sebelisetsoa liliba tse boima tsa kutu.
C90 le T95 li arotsoe ka mofuta oa 1 le mofuta oa 2, ke hore, C90-1, C90-2 le T95-1, T95-2.
4.Tlhaloso ea tšepe e sebelisoang hangata, boemo le boemo ba ho fana ka pipe ea oli
Steel grade grade Boemo ba Delivery
Pipe ea oli ea J55 37Mn5 peipi ea oli e bataletseng: e chesang e kolobisitsoeng ho fapana le e tloaelehileng
Pipe ea oli e teteaneng: bolelele bo felletseng bo tloaelehile ka mor'a ho teteana.
N80-1 tubing 36Mn2V Flat-type tubing: ho chesa ho e-na le ho tloaeleha
Pipe ea oli e teteaneng: bolelele bo felletseng bo tloaelehile ka mor'a ho teteana
Pipe ea oli ea N80-Q ea 30Mn5 ea bolelele bo felletseng
Pipe ea oli ea L80-1 30Mn5 ea bolelele bo felletseng
Pipe ea oli ea P110 25CrMnMo ea bolelele bo felletseng
J55 coupling 37Mn5 hot rolled on-line normalization
N80 e kopanya 28MnTiB bolelele bo felletseng
L80-1 e kopanya 28MnTiB bolelele bo felletseng
P110 Clamps 25CrMnMo Bolelele bo Feletseng bo Halefile
Ⅲ.Casing
1, Karolelano le karolo ea casing
Casing ke peipi ea tšepe e tšehetsang lebota la liliba tsa oli le khase.Likarolo tse 'maloa tsa casing li sebelisoa selibeng ka seng ho ea ka botebo bo fapaneng ba ho cheka le maemo a jeoloji.Samente e sebelisetsoa ho etsa samente ka mor'a hore e theoleloe ka selibeng, 'me ho fapana le peipi ea oli le peipi ea ho phunya, e ke ke ea sebelisoa hape 'me ke ea thepa e ka sebelisoang.Ka hona, ts'ebeliso ea casing e baka ho feta 70% ea lithapo tsohle tsa liliba tsa oli.Casing e ka aroloa ho: conduit, holim'a casing, casing ea tekheniki le casing ea oli ho latela ts'ebeliso ea eona, le meaho ea tsona lilibeng tsa oli li bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase.
2.Casing ea conductor
haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang ho cheka leoatleng le lehoatateng ho arola metsi a leoatle le lehlabathe ho netefatsa tsoelo-pele e ntle ea ho cheka, lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa lera lena la 2.casing ke: Φ762mm(30in )×25.4mm, Φ762mm(30in)×19.06mm.
Ho cheka ka holim'a metsi: E sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho phunya ha pele, ho phunya ho bula bokaholimo ba letlapa le hlephileng, e le ho tiisa karolo ena ea strata hore e se ke ea putlama, e hloka ho tiisoa ka sekoahelo sa bokaholimo.Litlhaloso tsa mantlha tsa casing ea bokaholimo: 508mm (20in), 406.4mm (16in), 339.73mm (13-3/8in), 273.05mm (10-3/4in), 244.48mm (9-5/9in), joalo-joalo. Botebo ba phala ea ho theola bo itšetlehile ka botebo ba sebopeho se bonolo.Botebo ba phala e tlase bo itšetlehile ka botebo ba stratum e hlephileng, eo ka kakaretso e leng 80 ~ 1500 m.Khatello ea eona ea ka ntle le ea ka hare ha e kholo, 'me ka kakaretso e amohela K55 ea tšepe ea tšepe kapa ea N80 ea tšepe.
3.Technical casing
Casing ea tekheniki e sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ea ho cheka ea libopeho tse rarahaneng.Ha u kopana le likarolo tse rarahaneng tse kang lera le oeleng, lera la oli, lera la khase, lera la metsi, lera la ho lutla, lera la letsoai, joalo-joalo, hoa hlokahala ho beha casing ea tekheniki ho e tiisa, ho seng joalo ho cheka ho ke ke ha etsoa.Liliba tse ling li tebile ebile li rarahane, 'me botebo ba seliba bo fihla ho limithara tse likete, mofuta ona oa liliba tse tebileng li hloka ho theola likarolo tse' maloa tsa casing ea tekheniki, thepa ea eona ea mochini le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea ho tiisa li phahame haholo, ts'ebeliso ea limaraka tsa tšepe. hape e phahameng, ho phaella ho K55, ho feta ke tšebeliso ea limaraka tsa N80 le P110, liliba tse ling tse tebileng li boetse li sebelisoa ho likhaolo tsa Q125 kapa esita le tse phahameng tseo e seng tsa API, tse kang V150.lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa casing ea tekheniki ke: 339.73 Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tsa casing ea tekheniki ke tse latelang: 339.73mm(13-3/8in), 273.05mm(10-3/4in), 244.48mm (9-5/8in), 219.08mm(8-5/8in), 193.68mm(7-5/8in), 177.8mm(7in) joalo-joalo.
4. Mokotla oa oli
Ha seliba se chekoa ho ea sebakeng seo ho eang ho sona (sebaka se nang le oli le khase), hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa sekoahelo sa oli ho tiisa lera la oli le khase le karolo e kaholimo e pepeneneng, 'me bokahare ba khase ea oli ke lera la oli. .Khase ea oli ka mefuta eohle ea casing botebong bo tebileng ba seliba, thepa ea eona ea mochini le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea ho tiisa le tsona ke tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa, ts'ebeliso ea tšepe ea K55, N80, P110, Q125, V150 joalo-joalo.Litlhaloso tsa mantlha tsa casing ea sebopeho ke: 177.8mm(7in), 168.28mm(6-5/8in), 139.7mm(5-1/2in), 127mm(5in), 114.3mm(4-1/2in), joalo-joalo. . Casing ke eona e tebileng ka ho fetisisa har'a mefuta eohle ea liliba, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona ea mechine le ts'ebetso ea ho tiisa ke eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa.
V. Cheka phala
1、 Sehlopha le karolo ea phala bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho phunya
Peipi ea ho phunya e sekoere, phaephe ea ho phunya, phaephe ea ho phunya e boima le molala oa ho phunya lisebelisoa tsa ho phunya li etsa phala ea ho phunya.Pipe ea ho phunya ke sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa ho phunya se tsamaisang karoloana ea ho phunya ho tloha fatše ho ea tlase ho seliba, hape ke kanale ho tloha fatše ho ea tlase ho seliba.E na le likarolo tse tharo tse kholo: ① ho fetisa torque ho khanna lesela la ho phunya;② ho itšetleha ka boima ba eona ho beha khatello holim'a sekoting sa ho phunya lejoe le ka tlase ho seliba;③ ho tsamaisa mokelikeli o hlatsoang seliba, ke hore, seretse se chekang fatše ka lipompo tsa seretse se nang le khatello e phahameng, ho kena ka sekoting sa tšiea ea ho cheka hore se kenelle botebong ba seliba ho phunya lithōle tsa majoe le ho pholisa karolo ea ho phunya; 'me u nke lithōle tsa majoe ka sebaka sa annular pakeng tsa bokaholimo bo ka ntle ba tšiea le lebota la seliba ho khutlela fatše, e le ho finyella morero oa ho cheka seliba.Pipe ea ho phunya ts'ebetsong ea ho cheka ho mamella meroalo e mengata e fapaneng e fapanyetsanang, joalo ka tensile, compression, torsion, ho kobeha le likhatello tse ling, bokaholimo bo ka hare le bona bo tlas'a khatello e phahameng ea seretse le ho bola.
(1) phala ea ho cheka lisekoere: phala ea ho cheka e na le mefuta e 'meli ea mofuta oa quadrilateral le mofuta oa hexagonal, molamu oa China oa ho phunya oli o mong le o mong o sebelisa phala ea quadrilateral mofuta oa ho cheka.Litlhaloso tsa eona ke: 63.5mm (2-1/2in), 88.9mm (3-1/2in), 107.95mm (4-1/4in), 133.35mm (5-1/4in), 152.4mm (6in) le joalo-joalo.Hangata bolelele bo sebelisoang ke 12 ~ 14.5m.
2Litlhaloso tsa phala ea ho cheka ke: 60.3mm (2-3/8in), 73.03mm (2-7/8in), 88.9mm (3-1/2in), 114.3mm (4-1/2in), 127mm (5in). ), 139.7mm (5-1/2in) joalo-joalo.
3Litlhaloso tse kholo tsa phala ea ho cheka e boima ke 88.9mm (3-1/2in) le 127mm (5in).
4 ho cheka liliba tse otlolohileng.Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa molala oa ho cheka ke: 158.75mm (6-1 / 4in), 177.85mm (7in), 203.2mm (8in), 228.6mm (9in) joalo-joalo.
V. Pipe ea mola
1, Sehlopha sa phala ea mohala
Pipe ea mela e sebelisoa indastering ea oli le khase bakeng sa ho tsamaisa oli, oli e hloekisitsoeng, khase ea tlhaho le liphaephe tsa metsi ka pipe ea tšepe ka nako e khutšoanyane.Lipeipi tsa lipalangoang tsa oli le khase li arotsoe haholo ka liphaephe tse kholo, liphaephe tsa lekala le liphaephe tsa marang-rang tsa litoropong mefuta e meraro, mohala o moholo oa phetiso ea lipeipi tse tloaelehileng tsa ∮ 406 ~ 1219mm, botenya ba lerako ke 10 ~ 25mm, tšepe grade X42 ~ X80;lipeipi tsa lekala le liphaephe tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang tsa litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa # 114 ~ 700mm, botenya ba lebota ba 6 ~ 20mm, tšepe ea grade X42 ~ X80.Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa liphaephe tsa phepelo le liphaephe tsa litoropo ke 114-700mm, botenya ba lebota 6-20mm, tšepe ea X42-X80.
Pipe ea mohala e na le phala ea tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, e boetse e na le phala ea tšepe e se nang moeli, phala e entsoeng ka tšepe e sebelisoa ho feta phala ea tšepe e se nang seam.
2, Tekanyetso ea phala ea mola
Tekanyetso ea liphaephe tsa mohala ke API 5L "peipi ea tšepe ea lipeipi", empa China ka 1997 e phatlalalitse litekanyetso tse peli tsa naha bakeng sa phala ea liphaephe: GB/T9711.1-1997 "indasteri ea oli le khase, karolo ea pele ea maemo a tekheniki a ho tsamaisoa ha phala ea tšepe. : Pipe ea tšepe ea A-grade" le GB / T9711.2-1997 "indasteri ea oli le khase, karolo ea bobeli ea maemo a theknoloji ea ho fana ka phala ea tšepe: pipe ea tšepe ea B-grade".Pipe ea tšepe", litekanyetso tsena tse peli li lekana le API 5L, basebelisi ba bangata ba malapeng ba hloka phepelo ea litekanyetso tsena tse peli tsa naha.
3, Mabapi le PSL1 le PSL2
PSL ke khutsufatso ea boemo ba tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa.Boemo ba tlhahiso ea sehlahisoa sa phala ea mela bo arotsoe ka PSL1 le PSL2, hape ho ka boleloa hore boemo ba boleng bo arotsoe ka PSL1 le PSL2.PSL1 e phahame ho feta PSL2, boemo ba 2 ha se litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo feela, 'me sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, litlhoko tsa thepa ea mochini li fapane, ka hona, ho latela tatellano ea API 5L, lipehelo tsa konteraka ntle le ho hlakisa lintlha, boemo ba tšepe. le matšoao a mang a tloaelehileng, empa hape e tlameha ho bontša boemo ba Specification ea sehlahisoa, ke hore, PSL1 kapa PSL2.
PSL2 sebopehong sa lik'hemik'hale, thepa e tsitsitseng, matla a tšusumetso, tlhahlobo e sa senyeheng le matšoao a mang a thata ho feta PSL1.
4, phaephe phala tšepe kereiti le metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale
Line phala tšepe sehlopheng ho tloha tlaase ho ea holimo e arotsoe ka: A25, A, B, X42, X46, X52, X60, X65, X70 le X80.
5, khatello ea metsi ea pipe ea line le litlhoko tse sa senyeheng
Pipe ea mohala e lokela ho etsoa lekala ka tlhahlobo ea hydraulic ea lekala, 'me tekanyetso ha e lumelle tlhahiso e sa senyeheng ea khatello ea hydraulic, eo hape e leng phapang e kholo pakeng tsa tekanyo ea API le litekanyetso tsa rona.
PSL1 ha e hloke tlhahlobo e sa senyeheng, PSL2 ha ea lokela ho ba lekala la liteko tse sa senyeheng ka lekala.
VI.Premium Connection
1, Kenyelletso ea Khokahano ea Premium
Buckle e khethehileng e fapane le khoele ea API e nang le mohaho o khethehileng oa khoele ea pipe.Le hoja sekoahelo sa oli se entsoeng ka API se sebelisoa haholo tšebelisong ea seliba sa oli, mefokolo ea eona e bontšoa ka ho hlaka tikolohong e khethehileng ea masimo a mang a oli: API e pota-potileng phala ea phala, leha ts'ebetso ea eona ea tiiso e le betere, matla a thata a tsamaisoang ke likhoele. karolo e lekana feela le 60% ho 80% ea matla a 'mele oa pipe, kahoo e ke ke ea sebelisoa ho sebelisoa ha liliba tse tebileng;API e nang le khethollo ea trapezoidal threaded pipe column, ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea karolo e khoele e lekana feela le matla a 'mele oa pipe, kahoo e ke ke ea sebelisoa lilibeng tse tebileng;API e tšehetseng trapezoidal kholumo ea phala ea khoele, ts'ebetso ea eona e thata ha e ntle.Le hoja ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea kholomo e phahame haholo ho feta ea API e pota-potileng khoele, ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho tiisa ha e ntle haholo, kahoo e ke ke ea sebelisoa ho sebelisoa ha liliba tsa khase e phahameng;Ho phaella moo, mafura a nang le likhoele a ka bapala karolo ea eona feela tikolohong ka mocheso o ka tlase ho 95 ℃, kahoo e ke ke ea sebelisoa ho sebelisoa ha liliba tse phahameng tsa mocheso.
Ha ho bapisoa le khoele e chitja ea API le khoele e sa fellang ea trapezoidal, Connection ea Premium e entse tsoelo-pele e ntle likarolong tse latelang:
(1) ho tiisa hantle, ka moralo oa sebopeho sa rekere le tšepe, e le hore ho hanyetsa ho tiisa ha khase ho fihle moeling oa 'mele oa li-tubing ka har'a khatello ea lihlahisoa;
(2) matla a phahameng a khokahanyo, ka "Premium Connection connection" ea casing ea oli, matla a khokahanyo a fihla kapa a feta matla a 'mele oa li-tubing, ho rarolla bothata ba ho thella;
3
(4) ka ho ntlafatsa sebopeho, e le hore kabo e kopanetsoeng ea khatello ea kelello e be e utloahalang, e loketseng ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo;
(5) ka sebopeho sa mahetla sa moralo o utloahalang, e le hore ts'ebetso ea buckle e be bonolo ho e phetha.
Hajoale, lefats'e le thehile mefuta e fetang 100 ea likhokahano tsa Premium ka theknoloji e nang le tokelo ea molao.
Nako ea poso: Feb-21-2024