Tlhaloso ea Sehlahisoa
Liphaephe tse tjheseditsweng ka tshepe e sa ruseng ke dikarolo tsa bohlokwa diindastering tse fapaneng ka lebaka la ho tshwarella ha tsona, ho hanyetsa mafome, le ho tenyetseha ha tsona. Liphaephe tsena di etswa ka mokgwa wa ho tjheseletsa, ho kopanya maqephe a tshepe e sa ruseng kapa dikotwana ho etsa diphaephe tse silindara. Mona ke kakaretso e felletseng ya diphaephe tse tjheseditsweng ka tshepe e sa ruseng:
Lisebelisoa le Mekhahlelo:
● Letoto la 304 le 316: Mekhahlelo e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e sa hloekang e sebelisoang ka kakaretso.
● 310/S le 310H: Tšepe e sa ruseng e hanelang mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa sebōpi le phapanyetsano ea mocheso.
● 321 le 321H: Mekhahlelo e hanelang mocheso e loketseng maemo a mocheso o phahameng.
● 904L: Motsoako o sa senyeheng haholo bakeng sa tikoloho e mabifi.
● S31803: Tšepe e sa ruseng habeli, e fanang ka matla le ho hanyetsa mafome.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso:
● Ho Welding ea Motlakase oa ho Kopanya (EFW): Ts'ebetsong ena, seam e telele e tjheselletsoa ka ho sebelisa matla a motlakase ho arc ea ho welding.
● Ho Welda ka Arc e Keneng ka Tlase (SAW): Mona, weld e etsoa ka ho qhibilihisa mathoko ka arc e tswelang pele e keneng ka hara phallo.
● Ho Welda ka Phetoho e Phahameng (HFI): Mokhoa ona o sebedisa maqhubu a maqhubu a phahameng ho etsa seam ya weld tshebetsong e tswelang pele.
Melemo:
● Ho Hanela ho Sila: E hanela mefuta e mengata ea mecha ea phatlalatso le tikoloho e senyang.
● Matla: Matla a phahameng a mechini a netefatsa botšepehi ba sebopeho.
● Ho tenyetseha: E fumaneha ka boholo bo fapaneng, likereiti le liphetho ho latela lits'ebetso tse fapaneng.
● Bohloeki: E loketse hantle liindasteri tse nang le litlhoko tse thata tsa bohloeki.
● Bolelele ba Nako: E bontša ho tšoarella ho ikhethang, e leng se fellang ka nako e telele ea tšebeletso.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, liphaephe tse tjheseletsoeng ka tšepe e sa ruseng ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa liindastering tsohle, li fana ka ho tšoarella, ho hanyetsa mafome, le ho tenyetseha bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso. Khetho e nepahetseng ea boleng, mokhoa oa tlhahiso, le ho khomarela litekanyetso tsa indasteri ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle le polokeho ea litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tse tjheseletsoeng.
Litlhaloso
| ASTM A312/A312M：304, 304L, 310/S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H jj... |
| EN 10216-5: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 joalo-joalo... |
| DIN 17456: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 joalo-joalo... |
| JIS G3459: SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB jj... |
| GB/T 14976: 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Tšepe e sa hloekang ea Austenitic:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Tšepe e sa hloekang habeli:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... motsoako oa nikeli:N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Tšebeliso:Liindasteri tsa tlhahiso ea oli, lik'hemik'hale, khase ea tlhaho, matla a motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa mechini. |
| DN mm | NB Senthimithara | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
| 800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| Botenya ba lebota la phaephe ea DN 1000mm le ho feta bo lokela ho etsoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng | ||||||||||||||||
Maemo le Kereiti
| E tloaelehileng | Likereiti tsa Tšepe |
| ASTM A312/A312M: Liphaephe tsa Tšepe e sa Khaotseng ea Austenitic tse se nang sekoli, tse Welded, le tse batang haholo | 304, 304L, 310S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H jj... |
| ASTM A269: Sephaephe sa tšepe e sa hloekang sa austenitic se se nang sekoli le se welletsoeng bakeng sa tšebeletso e akaretsang | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321.TP347 jj... |
| ASTM A249: Boiler ea Tšepe ea Austenitic e Welded, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, le Li-Condenser Tubes | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A269: Liphaephe tsa Tšepe e sa Khabeng tse se nang Seamless le tse Welded tse Bophara bo Bonyenyane | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A270: Liphaephe tsa Bohloeki tsa Austenitic le Ferritic/Austenitic tse se nang sekoli le tse Welded | Likereiti tsa Tšepe e sa Khaotseng ea Austenitic: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 Mekhahlelo ea Tšepe e sa Khaotseng ea Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex): S31803, S32205 |
| ASTM A358/A358M: Litlhoko tsa Pipe ea Tšepe ea Austenitic e Welded bakeng sa Tikoloho tse Mocheso o Phahameng, Khatello e Phahameng le e Senyang | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A554: Liphaephe tsa mechini tsa tšepe e sa ruseng tse welletsoeng, tse sebelisoang hangata bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa meaho kapa mekhabiso | 304, 304L, 316, 316L |
| ASTM A789: Sephaephe sa tšepe e sa hloekang sa ferritic/austenitic se se nang sekoli le se welded bakeng sa tšebeletso e akaretsang | S31803 (Tšepe e sa ruseng ea Duplex) S32205 (Tšepe e sa ruseng ea Duplex) |
| ASTM A790: Phaephe ea tšepe e sa hloekang ea ferritic/austenitic e se nang sekoli le e phuthetsoeng bakeng sa tšebeletso e senyang ka kakaretso, tšebeletso ea mocheso o phahameng, le liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa hloekang tse peli. | S31803 (Tšepe e sa ruseng ea Duplex) S32205 (Tšepe e sa ruseng ea Duplex) |
| EN 10217-7: Lipeipi tsa tšepe e sa ruseng tse welletsoeng ka har'a thapo Litlhoko tsa tlhahiso tsa Maemo a Europe. | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 jj... |
| DIN 17457: Tekanyetso ea Sejeremane e sebelisoang bakeng sa ho etsa liphaephe tse welletsoeng ka tšepe e sa ruseng | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 jj... |
| JIS G3468: Maemo a Indasteri a Japane a totobatsang litlhoko tsa tlhahiso bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng tse welletsoeng. | SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L, SUS329J3L jj... |
| GB/T 12771: Tekanyetso ea Naha ea Chaena e sebelisetsoang litlhoko tsa tlhahiso ea liphaephe tse welletsoeng ka tšepe e sa ruseng. | 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni1, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2, 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N |
| Tšepe e sa hloekang ea Austenitic：TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Tšepe e sa hloekang habeli：S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Motsoako oa Nickel：N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Tšebeliso: Petroleum, Lik'hemik'hale, Khase ea tlhaho, Matla a motlakase le liindasteri tsa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tsa mechini. | |
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso
Taolo ea Boleng
Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala, Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale, Teko ea Mechanical, Tlhahlobo ea Pono, Tlhahlobo ea Tekanyo, Teko ea ho Kobeha, Teko ea Tšusumetso, Teko ea ho Sila ha Intergranular, Tlhahlobo e sa Senyeheng (UT, MT, PT) Tsamaiso ea ho Welding, Tlhahlobo ea Microstructure, Teko ea ho Futhumatsa le ho Foforetsa, Teko ea ho Tiea, Teko ea Khatello, Teko ea Ferrite Content, Teko ea Metallography, Teko ea ho Sila, Teko ea Eddy Current, Teko ea Spray ea Letsoai, Teko ea ho Hanela ho Sila, Teko ea ho Thothometsa, Teko ea ho Sila ha Pitting, Tlhahlobo ea ho Penta le ho Koahela, Tlhahlobo ea Litokomane…..
Tšebeliso le Tšebeliso
Liphaephe tse tjheseletsoeng ka tšepe e sa ruseng li sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse fapaneng ka lebaka la thepa ea tsona e ikhethang le ho tenyetseha ha tsona. Liphaephe tsena li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, li susumetsoa ke ho tšoarella ha tsona, ho hanyetsa mafome, le ho loketse libaka tse fapaneng. Tse ling tsa libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa tšebeliso le ts'ebeliso ea liphaephe tse tjheseletsoeng ka tšepe e sa ruseng li kenyelletsa:
● Tšebeliso ea Liindasteri: E tloaelehile indastering ea oli, khase, petrochemical le motlakase ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa mafome.
● Kaho: E sebelisoa liphaepheng tsa metsi, phepelong ea metsi le meahong bakeng sa matla a tsona le bophelo ba tsona bo bolelele.
● Indasteri ea Lijo: Ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa lijo le lino, ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa bohloeki.
● Likoloi: E sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa mosi le likarolo tsa meaho, e mamella maemo a thata.
● Bongaka: E sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le liphaepheng tsa bohloeki, e leng se etsang hore bohloeki bo be bohlokoa.
● Temo: Bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa nosetso tse sa senyeheng ke mafome, ho netefatsa kabo e sebetsang hantle ea metsi.
● Phekolo ea Metsi: E loketse ho tsamaisa metsi a hloekisitsoeng le a ntšitsoeng letsoai.
● Metsing: E hanela mafome a metsi a letsoai, e sebelisoa haholo likepeng le mehahong e lebōpong la leoatle.
● Matla: Ho tsamaisa maro lefapheng la matla, ho kenyeletsoa le khase ea tlhaho le oli.
● Makhasi le Pampiri: Li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tsamaisa lik'hemik'hale le maro a hlahisoang.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, liphaephe tse tjheselitsoeng ka tšepe e sa ruseng li sebetsa e le likarolo tsa bohlokoa liindastering le lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng. Ho hanyetsa ha tsona mafome, matla a mechini, le bokhoni ba ho fihlela litlhoko tse thata li etsa hore li be tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa meralo ea motheo ea sejoale-joale, lits'ebetso tsa indasteri le makala a fapaneng a ikhethileng.
Ho paka le ho Romela
Liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng lia phutheloa le ho romelloa ka hloko e kholo ho netefatsa tšireletso ea tsona nakong ea lipalangoang. Tlhaloso ea mokhoa oa ho paka le ho romela thepa ke ena:
Sephutheloana:
● Sekoahelo se Sireletsang: Pele ho pakoa, liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng hangata li koahetsoe ka lera la oli e sireletsang kapa filimi ho thibela ho bola le tšenyo ea bokaholimo.
● Ho kopanya: Liphaephe tsa boholo bo tšoanang le litlhaloso li kopanngoa hammoho ka hloko. Li tiisoa ka ho sebelisa marapo, lithapo, kapa lithapo tsa polasetiki ho thibela ho sisinyeha ka har'a phaephe.
● Li-Definition Caps: Li-definition caps tsa polasetiki kapa tsa tšepe li behoa lipheletsong ka bobeli tsa liphaephe ho fana ka tšireletso e eketsehileng lipheletsong tsa liphaephe le likhoele.
● Ho betla le ho betla: Lisebelisoa tsa ho betla tse kang foam, bubble cover, kapa corrugated cardboard li sebelisoa ho betla le ho thibela tšenyo e bakoang ke ho betla nakong ea lipalangoang.
● Dikreiti kapa Dikhese tsa Lehong: Maemong a mang, diphaephe di ka kenngwa ka dikreiti kapa dikhese tsa lehong ho fana ka tshireletso e eketsehileng kgahlanong le matla a kantle le ho sebetsana le tsona.
Ho tsamaisa ka sekepe:
● Mokhoa oa Lipalangoang: Liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng hangata li romeloa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea lipalangoang joalo ka literaka, likepe, kapa thepa ea moea, ho latela sebaka seo li eang ho sona le potlako ea ho fihla ho sona.
● Ho kenya lijana: Liphaephe li ka kenngoa ka har'a lijana tsa ho romela thepa ho netefatsa hore ho na le lipalangoang tse sireletsehileng le tse hlophisitsoeng. Sena se boetse se fana ka tšireletso khahlanong le maemo a leholimo le litšila tse tsoang kantle.
● Ho Ngola le ho Fana ka Litokomane: Sephutheloana se seng le se seng se ngotswe ka tlhahisoleseding ya bohlokwa, ho kenyeletswa le ditlhaloso, bongata, ditaelo tsa ho sebetsana le thepa, le dintlha tsa moo e yang teng. Ditokomane tsa thomello di lokisetswa ho hlwekiswa le ho latelwa ha thepa ya lekgetho.
● Ho Latela Melao ea Lekhetho: Bakeng sa thepa ea machabeng, litokomane tsohle tse hlokahalang tsa lekgetho li lokisitsoe ho netefatsa hore thepa e fihla hantle sebakeng seo e eang ho sona.
● Ho tiisa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng: Ka hare ho koloi ea lipalangoang kapa setshelo, liphaephe li tlameletsoe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ho thibela ho sisinyeha le ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšenyo nakong ea lipalangoang.
● Ho Latela le ho Hlokomela: Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho latela e ka sebelisoa ho lekola sebaka le boemo ba thomello ka nako ea sebele.
● Inshorense: Ho latela boleng ba thepa, inshorense ea ho romela thepa e ka fumanoa ho koahela tahlehelo kapa tšenyo e ka bang teng nakong ea leeto.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng tseo re li hlahisitseng li tla pakoa ka mehato ea tšireletso 'me li romeloe ka mekhoa e tšepahalang ea lipalangoang ho netefatsa hore li fihla moo li eang teng li le boemong bo botle. Mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho paka le ho romela e tlatsetsa botšepehing le boleng ba liphaephe tse tlisoang.
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